International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication

Volume: 2 Issue: 6

ISSN: 2321-8169
1683 1687

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Simulation of Doubly Fed Induction Generator with Wind Turbine

Ms Minakshi Devi
M.Tech-PS-student, Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engg, AFSET (An Autonomous Institution)
Dhauj Faridabad Haryana Pin -121004
*Email ID: minakshigoyat@gmail.com

Mr. Ameenuddin Ahmad

Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engg., AFSET (An Autonomous Institution)
Dhauj Faridabad Haryana Pin -121004
E mail ID: ameen.ua@gmail.com

Abstract The power generation from the renewable energy sources is in trend and is necessary as the conventional hydro-carbon fuels are
limited in amount and demand of energy is increases. The recently work on renewable work is doing at flood level and everyone wants to
increase efficiency and utilize these natural energy in abundant availability effectively for human development. The available renewable energy
is solar, wind, bio-fuels, fuel cells. Wind energy has lesser cost and more clean as compare to other renewable energy sources. The variable
speed double fed induction generator fixed-speed squirrel-cage induction generator has been proposed in the literature for wind turbine
generation technology. The doubly fed induction-generator (DFIG) is used widely and accurately in with the wind turbine to produce electric
energy since its flexibility - the direction and speed of winds may vary from location to location and time to time, the variable speed wind
turbine technology offers inherent advantages over the fixed-speed one. The doubly feed induction generator control easily the variation of wind
speed by injecting a compensating variable frequency current component in the rotor circuit with the help of the two back to back converters i.e.
rotor side converter and grid side converter. This characteristic helps to facilitates both super as well as sub-synchronous operations of DFIG.
This dissertation work is concerned with modeling and control of DFIG. The detailed mathematical model of the induction machines, DFIG and
its converters and their control is reviewed. Using numerical differentiation of the SIMULINK models, lower order nominal representation of
DFIG is obtained which is subsequently used for PID control design. The PID control is widely used control strategy in industry due to its
simple design and robustness properties. The proposed results have been compared with the existing ones, with performance improvements.
Keywords: Renewable Energy, Electric Energy, Converter, Induction Generator, Simulink, Direction, Time, Double Feed,
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INTRODUCTION
1. INDUCTION MACHINES: The induction machine is
widely used in variety of applications for converting the
electrical power into mechanical one.
Squirrel-cage Induction machine
Wound rotor Induction machine
The wound rotor type in the form of DFIG is widely used due
to its better control and wide wind speed operations.
1.1 DYNAMIC d-q MODEL: The voltage equations of an
induction machine can be represented in terms of the currents
and the flux linkages in compact form as:

vabcs rsiabcs pabcs

vabcr rr iabcr pabcr

Where the quantities and their subscripts have usual meanings.
2. WIND TURBINE: The wind turbine is a device that
converts kinetic energy from the wind into mechanical energy.
If the mechanical energy is used to produce electricity, the
device may be called a wind generator or wind charger.
Electrical
energy

Wind
energy

Mechanical
Energy

FIG 1 WIND ENERGY CONVERSION INTO ELECTRIC ENERGY

2.1 Basic of Wind Turbine: - The mechanical power which is

produced by the wind turbine is proportional to the cube of the
wind speed i.e. Pm v3.
Where Pm is the mechanical power of the wind and v is the
velocity of the wind speed
2.2 COMPONENT OF WIND TURBINE
2.2.1 Drive Train and Aerodynamics: The effect of the speed and pitch angle changes on the
aerodynamic power during the grid faults, a simplified
aerodynamic model is sufficient.
For stability analysis, the drive train system must be
approximated by the at least a two mass spring and damper
model when the system response to heavy disturbance is
analyzed Akhmatov. V. There is a flexible shaft through which
the turbine and generator masses are connected.
2.2.2. Pitch Angle Control System:PI control is used to realize the pitch angle, in Servo
mechanism model with time control Tservo accounts for the
realistic response in the pitch angle control system.
During the grid faults how fast the aerodynamic power can be
reduced in order to prevent over speeding is decided by the
rate of change limit.
2.2.3. Wind Turbine Modeling:for optimal operations of the wind turbine at different wind
speeds, it must be operated at its maximum power coefficient
( C p.optimum =0.3-0.5i.e. at a constant tip speed ratio, for
operation around its maximum power coefficient.
The Aerodynamic power generated by wind turbine is given
as:1683

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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication

Volume: 2 Issue: 6

C p ( , )v 3

ISSN: 2321-8169
1683 1687

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aero

(3.1)
Here C
(3.2)

i
1

, )

0.5

=c

1(

c2

c3 . c4 ).e

c5

c6 .

1
0.35
, and the coefficients c 1 to
3
0.08. 1

c 6 are

2.

Converter required for DFIG can work on (25%-35%) of

rated power. This is due to the reduced size of the rotor
side converter.
Basic Principal of DFIG
The basic principle used in DFIG is to interpose a frequency
converter between the variable frequency induction generator (
it is mainly for injecting the current in the rotor circuitry for
frequency compensation) and fixed frequency grid. The speed
of machine can be controlled from either rotor side or stator
side. Converter in both super and sub synchronous speed
ranges. Since the slip power can flow in both directions i.e. to
the rotor from the supply and from the supply to the rotor side

T .R

c 1 =0.5176, c 2 =116, c 3 =0.4, c 4 =5, c 5 =21, c 6 =0.0068

&

Tip ratio speed,

T Rotational speed of the rotor,
=pitch angle,
v

R= the radius of the area covered by the blades.

Fig 3. Basic diagram of doubly fed induction generator with

converters
The mechanical power and the stator electric power output are
given as below

Pr Tm r

Ps Tem s
the mechanical dynamical equations for the lossless generator
are as

d r
Tm Tem
dt

In steady-state, the mechanical torque balances the

electromagnetic torque acting on the machine and hence the
relations are as
Tm Tem And Pm Ps Pr it follows that:

Pr Pm Ps = Tmr Tem s sPS

Fig 2. (a)With full-size converter ;( b) with doubly-fed

induction generator

where

s ( s r ) / s is defined as the slip of the

generator in per unit.

Double fed induction motor

The AC/DC/AC converter is divided into two components:
The rotor side converter (Crotor)
The grid side converter ( Cgrid).
1. Allows extracting maximum energy from the wind for
low wind speed

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_______________________________________________________________________________________

International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication

Volume: 2 Issue: 6

ISSN: 2321-8169
1683 1687

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
transmission line of the sample system taken was simulated in
Matlab simulink. Initially the DFIG wind farm produces 1.8
MW. This active power, corresponds to the maximum
mechanical turbine output for a 10m/s wind speed
1.95 MW minus electrical losses in generator. The
corresponding turbine speed is 1.09 p.u of generator
synchronous speed.
The DC voltage is regulated at 1200 V and reactive
power is kept at 0 Mvar. At t=0.02 s the positivesequence voltage suddenly drops to 0.8 p.u. causing an
oscillation on the DC bus voltage and on the DFIG output
power. During the voltage sag the control system regulates
DC voltage and reactive power at their set points (1200
V, 0 Mvar).

Fig.4. Diagram of Working Doubly fed induction-generator

wind-turbine
A voltage source converter is used in DFIG for the following
purposes:
to control the rotor-side converter
to control the grid-side converter
to control the voltage of the DC link

Wind Turbine

G
R
I
D

DFIG
Gear Train

Common DC Link
Rotor Side
Converter

Grid Side

Detailed DFIG wind turbine diagram

Converter

VSC Control Circuitry

Fig.5. General Schematics of DFIG and Wind Turbine alongwith VSC Converters with common DC link
SIMULATION
AND RESPONSE OF THE DFIG
SYSTEM
A 2 MVA DFIG connected to the variable speed wind
turbine and to the infinite bus through transformer, cable and

The schematics of the system is as shown in Fig. 5.1. For the

simulation study, the detailed wind farm model available in
the power system blockset has been adapted to incorporate the
parameters of the sample system under study. Fig. 5.2 and Fig.
5.3 shown the DFIG subsection and block schematics of the
grid side converter

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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication

Volume: 2 Issue: 6

ISSN: 2321-8169
1683 1687

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2

settling time is reduced by 3% approximately and the

percentage overshoot reduces to zero.
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CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

The supervisory PID-controller although improves the system
response in comparison to the open-loop system but the
number of oscillations are not removed completely. PIcontroller designed in this work using the Static output
feedback method not only improves the system response but
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication

Volume: 2 Issue: 6

ISSN: 2321-8169
1683 1687

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
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