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Worksheet - clauses and linkers of contrast:

Although, however, in spite of/ despite

Although introduces a clause and is followed by a subject and a verb.


When the although clause comes first, it is followed by a comma.
The linker however starts a new sentence and is followed by a comma.
However is much more common in written English than in spoken English.
The linkers in spite of and despite are followed by a gerund (-ing form) or by a noun.
In spite of is more common than despite.

1. Complete the sentences using although and a sentence from the box. Use capital letter
and commas if necessary:

Shed known him a long time.


Rob had only seen Linda in a photo.
I hadnt invited him to mine.
I dont usually read articles.
She was very tired.
Hed had a big breakfast at seven.
The train was about to leave

She didnt recognise him in his new


shirt and sun glasses although shed known him a long time.
a) Peter was hungry by ten oclock _______________________________
b) ____________________________________ she couldnt get to sleep.
c) ____________________________________ he recognised her as soon as she
got off the train.
d) I always look at the photos in sport magazines _____________________
e) ___________________________________ he stopped to buy a magazine for
the journey.
f) Sam invited me to his party ___________________________________

2. Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box:

- her doctors advice


- the weather

- the noise

- her age

- the traffic

the time

- the number

- the rubbish

- their disagreement

My parents slept well in spite of the noise we were making downstairs with our electric
guitars.
a) We arrived in time for the flight despite ___________________ on the road to
the airport.
b) We decided to queue for tickets for the Texas concert despite ________
____________ of people in the queue at the tickets office.
c) She woke up at four oclock this morning but decided to get up despite
_________________.
d) One rainy weekend in November, we decided to go camping in spite of
____________________.
e) Despite _______________________ last weekend, Tim and Dominic are still
good friends.
f) Its a fascinating and colourful city in spite of _______________ and dirt in the
streets.
g) She continued to drink ten cups of coffee a day despite _____________
_________________________ .
h) My grandmother goes everywhere by bicycle in spite of ______________
3. Complete the letter. Use although, however or in spite of.
I am writing to complain about our visit to your restaurant on Sunday. (1) ....................
we arrived early, we were given a table in a cold corner. We then waited thirty minutes
for a waiter (2)...................... there werent many customers. (3) .......................... our
complaints about the long wait, we then had to wait another half an hour for our food.
When it came, one of the dishes was wrong. The waiter, (4) ..................... , insisted that
we had ordered it, so we had to eat it. (5) .......................... this kind of service is
acceptable in a cheaper restaurant, I expect better service in a restaurant like yours.
(6) ............................. all the good reviews we had read of your restaurant, our meal was
a great disappointment!
4. Circle the correct answer:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

I think I did well in the exam although / in spite of my headache.


Although / However he eats a lot, he never puts on weight!
Despite / However the doctors advice, she played in the match.
In spite of / Even though that exercise book was very expensive, he bought it.
It s good to every three or four hours. Snacks, however / whereas, should be
healthy ones such as fruit.

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