Write a program to draw the line using line function.

OUTPUT:-

Write a program to draw the line using line function

#include<graphics.h>
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gm,&gd," ");
int x1,y1,x2,y2;
setcolor(YELLOW);
cout<<"enter the valueof x1:=";
cin>>x1;
cout<<"enter the value of y1:=";
cin>>y1;
cout<<"enter the value of x2:=";
cin>>x2;
cout<<"enter the value of y2:=";
cin>>y2;
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
getch();
closegraph();
}

Write a program to draw the rectangle using rectangle function.

OUTPUT:-

Write a program to draw the rectangle using rectangle function

#include<graphics.h>
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()

{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gm,&gd," ");
int x1,y1,x2,y2,radius,i;
setcolor(YELLOW);
cout<<"enter the valueof x1:=";
cin>>x1;
cout<<"enter the value of y1:=";
cin>>y1;
cout<<"enter the value of x2:=";
cin>>x2;
cout<<"enter the value of y2:=";
cin>>y2;
rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);
getch();
closegraph();
}

Write a program to draw the Ellipse using ellipse function.

OUTPUT:-

Write a program to draw the Ellipse using ellipse function.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");
int x,y,sa,ea,sr,er;
cout<<"enter the value of x:=";
cin>>x;
cout<<"enter the value of y:=";
cin>>y;
cout<<"enter the starting angle:=";
cin>>sa;
cout<<"enter the ending angle:=";
cin>>ea;
cout<<"enter the x radius:=";
cin>>sr;
cout<<"enter the y radius:=";
cin>>er;
ellipse(x,y,sa,ea,sr,er);
getch();
}

Write a program to draw the circle using circle function.

OUTPUT:-

Write a program to draw the circle using circle function

#include<graphics.h>
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()

{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gm,&gd," ");
int x,y,radius,i;
setcolor(YELLOW);
cout<<"enter the valueof x:=";
cin>>x;
cout<<"enter the value of y:=";
cin>>y;
cout<<"enter the radius:=";
cin>>radius;
circle(x,y,radius);
getch();
closegraph();
}

Write a program to draw the triangle using line function.

OUTPUT

Write a program to draw the triangle using line function.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");
int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3;
setcolor(RED);
cout<<"enter the value of x1:=";
cin>>x1;
cout<<"enter the value of y1:=";
cin>>y1;
cout<<"enter the value of x2:=";
cin>>x2;
cout<<"enter the value of y2:=";
cin>>y2;
cout<<"enter the value of x3:=";
cin>>x3;
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y1);
line(x3,y1,x1,y1);
getch();
closegraph();}

Write a program to draw line using DDA algorithm.

OUTPUT

Write a program to draw line using DDA algorithm

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");
int x1,y1,x2,y2,dx,dy,k;
float x,y,steps=0,m=0;
cout<<"enter the value of x1:=";
cin>>x1;
cout<<"enter the value of y1:=";
cin>>y1;
cout<<"enter the value of x2:=";
cin>>x2;
cout<<"enter the value of y2:=";
cin>>y2;
dx=x2-x1;
dy=y2-y1;
m=dy/dx;
if(abs(dx)>abs(dy))
{
steps=abs(dx);

}
else
{
steps=abs(dy);
}
x=x1;
y=y1;
putpixel(x,y,1);
for(k=0;k<steps;k++)
{
x++;
y=y+m;
putpixel(x,y,1);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}

Write a program to draw line using Bresenhams line algorithm.

OUTPUT

Write a program to draw line using Bresenhams line algorithm.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");
int x1,y1,x2,y2,dx,dy,k,pk,pk2,x,y;
cout<<"enter the value of x1:=";
cin>>x1;
cout<<"enter the value of y1:=";
cin>>y1;
cout<<"enter the value of x2:=";
cin>>x2;
cout<<"enter the value of y2:=";
cin>>y2;
x=x1;
y=y1;
putpixel(x,y,1);
dx=x2-x1;
cout<<"value of dx:="<<dx<<endl;
dy=y2-y1;
cout<<"value of dy:="<<dy<<endl;

pk=2*dy-dx;
cout<<"inital value:="<<pk;
while(x<x2)
{
x++;
if(pk<0)
{
pk2=pk+2*dy;
}
else
{
y++;
pk2=pk+2*dy-2*dx;
}
putpixel(x,y,1);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}

Write a program to draw circle using midpoint circle algorithm.

OUTPUT

Write a program to draw circle using midpoint circle algorithm.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");
int x=0,y,r,p,xc,yc;
cout<<"enter the value of r:=";
cin>>r;
cout<<"enter the value of xc:=";
cin>>xc;
cout<<"enter the value of yc:=";
cin>>yc;
y=r;
p=1-r;
cout<<"initial value:="<<p;
while(x<y)
{
if(p<0)
{
x++;
p=p+2*x+3;
}

else
{
x++;
y--;
p=p+2*(x-y)+5;
}
putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,1);
putpixel(xc-x,yc+y,1);
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,1);
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y,1);
putpixel(xc+y,yc+x,1);
putpixel(xc-y,yc+x,1);
putpixel(xc+y,yc-x,1);
putpixel(xc-y,yc-x,1);
}
getch();
}

Program to draw a circle using Bresenhams circle algorithm.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm, "");
float xc,yc,p,x,y,r;
cout<<"enter the coordinates of center of the circle :";
cin>>xc>>yc;
cout<<"enter the radius of the circle : ";
cin>>r;
p=(3/2)*r;
x=0; y=r;
while(x<=y)
{
if(p<0)
p=p+(4*x)+6;
else
{
p=p+(4*x)-(4*y)+10;
y--;
}
x++;

putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,WHITE);
putpixel(xc+y,yc+x, WHITE;
putpixel(xc-x,yc+y, WHITE);
putpixel(xc+y,yc-x, WHITE);
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y, WHITE);
putpixel(xc-y,yc+x, WHITE);
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y, WHITE);
putpixel(xc-y,yc-x, WHITE);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}

Program to draw the ellipse using midpoint algorithm:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,xc,yc,rx,ry,rx2,ry2,x,y,p0,p1,py,px,trx2,try2;
initgraph(&gd,&gm, "");
cout<<"\n\t Enter the coordinates of center of ellipse: ";
cin>>xc>>yc;
cout<<"\n\t Now enter the x-radius: ";
cin>>rx;
cout<<"\n\t Now enter the y-radius: ";
cin>>ry;
rx2=rx*rx;
ry2=ry*ry;
trx2=2*rx2;
try2=2*ry2;
x=0;y=ry;px=0;py=trx2*y;
// Region 1 ..!
p0=abs(ry2-(rx2*ry2)+(0.25*rx2));
while(px<py)
{
x++;

px+=try2;
if(p0<0)
p0+=ry2+px;
else
{
y--;
py-=trx2;
p0+=ry2+px-py;
}
putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,WHITE);
putpixel(xc-x,yc+y, WHITE);
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y, WHITE);
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y, WHITE);
delay(100);
}
p1=abs(ry2*(x+0.5)*(x+0.5)+rx2*(y-1)*(y-1)-rx2*ry2);
while(y>0)
{
y--;
py-=trx2;
if(p1>0)
p1+=rx2-py;
else
{
x++;

px+=try2;
p1=rx2-py+px;
}
putpixel(xc+x,yc+y, WHITE);
putpixel(xc-x,yc+y, WHITE);
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y, WHITE);
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y, WHITE);
delay(100);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}

Write a program to Translate 2D triangle

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm, "");
int xa,xb,ya,yb,xc,tx,ty,yc,x,y;
cout<<"enter the coordinate of triangle:=";
cin>>xa>>ya>>xb>>yb>>xc>>yc;
line(xa,ya,xb,yb);
line(xb,yb,xc,yc);
line(xc,yc,xa,ya);
cout<<"\n";
cout<<"\n";
cout<<"\n";
cout<<"\n";
cout<<"\n";
cout<<"\n";
cout<<"\n";
cout<<"\n";
cout<<"\n";
cout<<"\n";

cout<<"enter the translation vector tx:=";

cin>>x;
cout<<"enter the translation vector ty:=";
cin>>y;
xa=x+xa;
xb=x+xb;
ya=y+ya;
yb=y+yb;
xc=x+xc;
yc=y+yc;
line(xa,ya,xb,yb);
line(xb,yb,xc,yc);
line(xc,yc,xa,ya);
getch();
}

Write a program to Perform 2D reflection about X-axis.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm, "");
int xa,xb,ya,yb,xc,yc,i,j,k;
int a[3][3],b[3][3],c[3][3];
cout<<"enter the coordinate of triangle:=";
cin>>xa>>ya>>xb>>yb>>xc>>yc;
line(xa,ya,xb,yb);
line(xa,ya,xc,yc);
line(xb,yb,xc,yc);
cout<<"Reflection about xaxis:=";
a[0][0]=1;
a[0][1]=0;
a[0][2]=0;
a[1][0]=0;
a[1][1]=-1;
a[1][2]=480;
a[2][0]=0;
a[2][1]=0;
a[2][2]=1;
b[0][0]=xa;

b[0][1]=xb;
b[0][2]=xc;
b[1][0]=ya;
b[1][1]=yb;
b[1][2]=yc;
b[2][0]=1;
b[2][1]=1;
b[2][2]=1;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
c[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
{
c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
}
}
xa=c[0][0];
xb=c[0][1];
xc=c[0][2];
ya=c[1][0];
yb=c[1][1];
yc=c[1][2];

line(xa,ya,xb,yb);
line(xa,ya,xc,yc);
line(xb,yb,xc,yc);
getch();
}

Write a program to Perform 2D reflection about Y-axis.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm, "");
int xa,xb,ya,yb,xc,yc,i,j,k;
int a[3][3],b[3][3],c[3][3];
cout<<"enter the coordinate of triangle:=";
cin>>xa>>ya>>xb>>yb>>xc>>yc;
line(xa,ya,xb,yb);
line(xa,ya,xc,yc);
line(xb,yb,xc,yc);
cout<<"Reflection about yaxis:=";
a[0][0]=-1;
a[0][1]=0;
a[0][2]=640;
a[1][0]=0;
a[1][1]=1;
a[1][2]=0;
a[2][0]=0;

a[2][1]=0;
a[2][2]=1;
b[0][0]=xa;
b[0][1]=xb;
b[0][2]=xc;
b[1][0]=ya;
b[1][1]=yb;
b[1][2]=yc;
b[2][0]=1;
b[2][1]=1;
b[2][2]=1;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
c[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
{
c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
}
}
xa=c[0][0];
xb=c[0][1];
xc=c[0][2];

ya=c[1][0];
yb=c[1][1];
yc=c[1][2];
line(xa,ya,xb,yb);
line(xa,ya,xc,yc);
line(xb,yb,xc,yc);
getch();
}