Pre Lab #3

Objective
Measure the High Level Voltage, Current using Instrument Transformers.
Basic Technical Information and Application
The name instrument transformer is a general classification applied to
current and voltage devices used to change currents and voltages from one
magnitude to another or to perform an isolating function, that is, to isolate
the utilization current or voltage from the supply voltage for safety to both
the operator and the end device in use
Basic information
Current transformers are used to measure high values of current and are
used as input to the relay as detecting signal. The primary winding of CT is
connected in series with the power lines while it is not the case with PT. CT
therefore must withstand the network short-circuit current.
A VT is an open-circuited transformer whose primary winding is
connected across the main electrical system where voltage is being
monitored. The most voltage produced by VTs is 100-120V (as per local
country standards).
Practical information
Wound Primary type CT is used for smaller currents and it can only be
applied on low fault level installations due to thermal limitations and
magnetic forces on this type of structure. For current greater than 100A, the
bar type CT is used. Protection CTs are most frequently used of the bar
primary type, toroidal core with evenly distributed secondary winding type
construction.
The accuracy of VT is more relevant for metering purposes, while the
margin of accuracy is comparatively less for protection purposes. Permissible
errors vary depending on the burden and purpose of use and typical values
as per IEC 186. The accuracy is not a major cost-deciding factor for a VT and
it is common to select VTs based on the loads.

Pre-Labs of Electrical Power Distribution & Utilization (EE-357)

Department of Electrical
Engineering

Construction-wise:

Pre-Study Question
1. What is the difference between current transformer and normal
transformer?
2. What is the impact on ratio of current transformer when burden is
increased on secondary?
3. Why secondary winding of CT cannot be left open? Also which part of
CT is damaged in this case?
4. What is basic difference between metering and protective CT?
5. What is the difference between construction of voltage transformer
and normal transformer?
6. Why do we couple capacitor with a VT?
7. What is the standard voltage on secondary of VT?

Pre-Labs of Electrical Power Distribution & Utilization (EE-357)

Department of Electrical
Engineering

8. What are the different designs available for construction of potential

transformer?