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Marco Montali
KRDB Research Centre
Faculty of Computer Science
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
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Dynamic Constraints
Conceptual models capture the relevant information of a given
domain.
They make almost no assumption about how this information is used.
In particular, the information dynamics is not captured by conceptual
schema, apart from precedence dependencies implicitly induced by
subset constraints (FKs).
Hence, dynamic constraints are not tackled by conceptual schemas.
On the other hand, such dynamic constraints arise from different
sources, and reflect different requirements:
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Business Process
A BP consists of a set of activities that are performed in coordination in
an organizational and technical environment. These activities jointly
realize a business goal. Each BP is enacted by a single organization, but it
may interact with BPs performed by other organizations.
As for conceptual modeling we distinguish between conceptual schemas and
information bases, in BPM we identify BP models and their instances.
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Produced artefacts:
design&analysis conceptual schema, process model;
configuration database schema, executable process;
enactment event log, with execution traces of multiple cases;
evaluation feedback, reports, revised process model.
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Activity
System
Workflow
Human
Interaction
Workflow
System
Activity
User
Interaction
Activity
the desired order for activities and manages the execution of system
activities as well as user interaction.
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Hierarchy of business
functions follows the
aggregation abstraction.
Leaf business functions
are the activities.
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For attacking the complexity of the domain and for the sake of re-use,
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Activity Lifecycle
For each activity instance, the ways moving from one state to the
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represented.
Activity models represent activities (for
simplicity, each activity can appear only
once in a process model).
Process
Model
>1
I
source
Node
Activity
Model
Event
Model
target
Gateway
Model
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AdvCheck
s
End event
e
n1
i
AnalyzeOrder
b
i
Start event
n7
SimpleCheck
e
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Process Interactions
Contain events representing messages exchange between different process
orchestrations running in parallel: message flow and control flows.
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Place Order
Receive
Invoice
Settle
Invoice
Receive
Products
Buyer
Order
Invoice
Payment
Products
Reseller
Receive
Order
Send
Invoice
Receive
Payment
Send
Products
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Main Perspectives
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Data Modeling
The same conceptual schema development procedures seen so far can be
used to elicit and model the data structures used by BPs.
Conceptual schemas induce data dependencies among the activities of the
BPs.
The transfer of data among activities is called data flow.
Data can be coupled with the process following different paradigms
inter-organizational BPs.
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InsulinAdmin
(:units)
has
Name
Timestamp
(.nr)
Person
(.id)
has
Email
has
Glucose
Level
(:mg/dl)
Phone
Number
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InsulinAdmin
(:units)
has
Name
Timestamp
(.nr)
Person
(.id)
has
Email
has
Glucose
Level
(:mg/dl)
Phone
Number
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Data Usage
R
R
C
...
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See http://workflowpatterns.com/patterns/data/
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Modeling Organization
The work (execution of activities) must be coordinated inside a company.
Resources (humans, devices, trucks, warehouses) are entities that can
perform work for the company.
Persons are part of an organization, and work to fulfill the business
goal of the company.
Position is used to decouple the person and duties/privileges.
can delegate work to
reports to
is a member of
occupies
Person
Position
Organizational
Unit
participates in
Role
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Organizational
Team
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Work Items
Link between activity instance to be performed and knowledge workers
that can perform it.
Activity instance in ready state is offered as a work item to a set of
workers.
Selection is then done following specific resource allocation
mechanisms.
In human interaction workflows, work items have a transition diagram
that evolves as a result of their manipulation by humans.
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Control-Flow Patterns
(Section 4.1).
See http://workflowpatterns.com/ for patterns and animations
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