CIP Annual Report 2005

Contributing to the Millennium Development Goals
Annual Report 2005
International Potato Center
Contents
Foreword
Contributing significantly to the Millennium
Development Goals
4
Poverty
Using true potato seed in South, West and Central Asia
8
Market link benefits farmers in southwestern Uganda
9
Business opportunities for poor households in Kenya
10
Raising incomes with sweetpotato in Indonesia
11
Earning money from sweetpotato and pigs in Vietnam
12
Breeding sweetpotato in Southeast Asia
13
Hunger
Adapting sweetpotatoes for acceptability in Kenya/Uganda 16
Sweetpotatoes and pigs in Papua
17
Improving nutrition and food security in DPR Korea
18
Bringing benefit to tsunami victims in Indonesia
19
Potato improves livelihoods of farmers in the Maasai
community of Kenya
20
Potatoes for food security in Ethiopia and Kenya
21
Mortality
Human health and potato production in the Andes
24
Sweetpotato fights blindness in India
25
Orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties in Sub-Saharan Africa 26
Sustainable development
Roadmap to collaboration in the Andes
28
Sustaining development in Central Asia and the Caucasus
29
Supporting research and development in East
and Southeast Asia and the Pacific
30
Conserving sweetpotato germplasm in Indonesia
31
Farmer field schools: success in East Africa
32
Major new project benefits the Altiplano of Peru and Bolivia 33
Slums
Selling flower garlands in Metro Manila, the Philippines
36
Health and urban agriculture in Kampala, Uganda
37
Producing high value, quality vegetables in Lima, Peru
38
Least-developed countries
More food for a new country Timor-Leste
40
Developing technologies to increase yields in Bhutan
41
Rebuilding agriculture in Afghanistan
42
New technologies
Complex agricultural knowledge and information
systems in Peru
44
Innovation in the Andes
45
Indigenous biosystematics of potato landraces in Peru
46
Double transplanting worth the effort in India and
Bangladesh
47
Using schools to transfer technology in Kenya
48
CIP Outcomes and Impact
49
Letter from the Chair
58
Board of trustees
59
Report on center governance
60
Financial report
62
Selected publications
66
Global contact points
70
CIPs internal structure
72
Staff list
73
Foreword
International Potato Center Annual Report 2005
Contributing significantly to the Millennium

Development Goals
I am pleased to be able to contribute this introduction to CIPs 2005 Annual Report. CIP is a
member of the Alliance of CGIAR Centers and, as such, is part of the broader international
development community. In 2000, under the leadership of the United Nations and after a
long process of consultation, this broader community articulated a series of well-defined
development goals that became known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Each
of these Goals outlines a series of very specific quantitative and temporal development
targets, the Millennium Development Targets (MDTs).
The MDTs clearly show that agricultural research is a valid and significant vehicle to
contribute to international development. Agriculture is central to reducing poverty, raising
food security, improving human health, maintaining environmental stability and fostering
broad-based economic development. Indeed, Kofi Anan, the UN General Secretary, includes
agriculture as one of the five sectors most important to eradicating poverty and achieving
the MDGs by the target date of 2015.
In his book The End of Poverty, Jeffery Sachs, the Director of the UN Millennium Project,
put forward the challenge that A special effort of world science, led by global scientific
research centers, must commit specifically to addressing the unmet challenges of the
poor. In 2004, CIP adopted a new Vision, organized around the MDGs and re-orienting the
way we work, explicitly aimed at contributing to the Goals. More specifically, we have
committed ourselves to contributing, through the results of a re-organized research structure,
to eight of the Millennium Targets which we have prioritized as our own millennium
development challenges. We do not see this as a polemic on research versus development,
rather a dialectic on research and global science in the service of development. Hence, the
title of this report, Contributing to the Millennium Development Goals.
In 2005 we began work on an ambitious Strategic Plan to implement our Vision by
adopting a new R&D paradigm that we believe will protect and strengthen our core
research while enhancing our development impact. We expect to finish the strategic
planning exercise in 2006 and present evidence of its positive effect on CIPs work in our
next Annual Report.
This 2005 Annual Report presents brief highlights of the impact we have made, as a
result of the first efforts to re-align our program work with the Millennium Development
Targets. I commend this report to you and I hope that you are as excited as I am by the
benefits that CIPs work is bringing to the poorest people of the world.
Pamela K. Anderson
Director General
CIP and the Millennium

Development Goals
CIP can contribute to:
halving the proportion of the population in
extreme poverty between 1990 and 2015that
the population living in poverty be less than 15%
by 2015 (Target 1).
halving, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion
of people who suffer from hunger (Target 2).
reducing by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015,
the under-five mortality rate (Target 5).
reducing by three-quarters, between 1990 and
2015, the maternal mortality ratio (Target 6).
integrating the principles of sustainable
development into country policies and programs
and to reversing the loss of environmental
resources (Target 9).
to achieving a significant improvement in the
lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers
(Target 11).
addressing the special needs of the least
developed countries (Target 13).
in cooperation with the private sector, to making
available the benefits of new technologies,
especially information and communications
technologies (Target 18).
Poverty
halving the
proportion of the
population in
extreme poverty
between 1990 and
2015that the
population living in
poverty be less than
15% by 2015
(Target 1)
Using true potato seed in South, West and Central Asia

8
TPS harvest in Nagaland in NorthEast, India
Using true potato seed to

grow potatoes is proving to
be valuable to farmers in
parts of India, Nepal and
Bangladesh as a way of
reducing the cost of
cultivation and increasing
productivity and profits.
The true potato seed
(TPS) method takes two
seasons to produce seed.
Although more labor
intensive than using normal
tubers, the system decreases
the amount of seed tubers
used as seed. Because the
tubers are relatively free of
disease, yield is higher and
less chemicals are needed to
control late blight, so the

crop is more profitable.
Because of the smaller size,
they take up less space in
storage, and they can be
transported easily to distant
places and hilly areas.
The characteristics of TPS
make the technology
particularly suitable for certain
areas. During the 2004-05
cropping season, CIP
collaborated with the
Bangladesh Agricultural
Research Institute to produce
and distribute 10.50 kg of
true potato seed and 3300
kg of seedling tubers to
farmers at demonstration
trials. In India, about 500 kg
of seedling tubers were
produced using the
technology, in collaboration
with self-help groups and cooperatives in Nagaland. After
using the seed system, yields
are increasing and incomes
are rising in both areas, as
well as increasing local food
supplies.
The farmers of Wokha
village of Nagaland agreed
that TPS is solving the
problems of shortage of good
and healthy seeds in hilly
places like their region. Mr.
Tara Lama, Potato
Development Section, Nepal
said In the context of
Nepals geophysical setting,
diverse agroecology and
socioeconomic condition,
acceptance of TPS by the
majority of the farmers is
mainly due to easy
transportation as low volume
planting material and seed
health contributing to less
disease and higher
productivity.
CIP is also working to
help non-governmental
organizations, self-help
groups and co-operatives to

produce and market healthy
seed materials from TPS, and
develop marketing strategies
for potatoes produced
through TPS technology.
In Central Asia, TPS was
tested for the first time in
Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, in
two different agroecological
conditions, highlands and
lowlands, during the main
cropping season in Tajikistan
(May-October) and the first
growing season in
Uzbekistan (March-June). In
Tajikistan, although late
maturing, one TPS family
showed excellent bulking
behaviour that attracted the
interest of both Tajik
scientists and farmers.
Experience showed,
however, that March-June
was not the best season in
Uzbekistan for TPS, more in
terms of temperature, which
from May onward gradually
increases to reach 40-45C
at the end of June, rather
than in terms of photoperiod
(from shorter to longer
days).
In general, we do not
expect much success under
the continental lowlands
conditions due to the high
competition exerted by
imported clonal varieties,
said CIPs Carlo Carli.
However, TPS could have
more chance of success in
the Highlands, for reasons
related to scarce accessibility
to potato growing areas,
high price of seed that
farmers cannot afford to pay,
small plot size and other
factors.
houses and sent more

children to school. One
member has even bought a
pick-up truck, which is used
to transport potatoes to
town, reducing the problems
of transportation that the
group had.
Having already benefited
from a CIP Farmers Field
Schools project (1999-2001),
the farmers are actively
involved in participatory
adaptive research to develop
ways to greatly increase the
proportion of potatoes per
harvested crop that the
Nandos outlets accept.
Nandos requires large-sized
potatoes and the group,
through their own research,
identified planting at wider
spacing (80 m x 30 m) to
be the best way to produce
tubers of the required size.
This is a deviation from the
narrower spacing
recommended by research
for high yield. Achieving
such a level of skill has been
possible through farmer
empowerment, technical and
logistical support from the
National Agricultural
Research Organization,
Africare. CIP, PRAPACE and
the Centro Internacional de
Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
and Africare give a lot of
support to make the supplymarket chain sustainable.
Market availability and
access are key to adoption
and sustained use of
technologies by farmers,
said CIPs Berga Lemaga.
The technologies, however
have to be simple to use
and affordable. Crop varieties
Kabale farmers at a field workshop
that meet market demand

are a good example of such
a technology.
Market link benefits farmers in southwestern Uganda
Ugandan potato farmers

are earning bigger profits as
increased consumer demand
in the country is driving
growth in the potato sector.
With a growing number of
fast food restaurants and
kiosks opening in many
urban centers in Uganda,
potato has become a
preferred dish among urban
dwellers and the nations
youth. So demand for
potatoes is growing; this in
turn has motivated farmers
to produce more quality
table potatoes especially for
French fries.
PRAPACE* and the
National Agricultural Research
Organization of Uganda
assisted a group of farmers
in the Kabale district to
negotiate a contract with
Nandos, one of the biggest
fast food restaurant chains
operating in Kampala, to
supply 10 tonnes of quality
table potato a month for
French fries. The group
currently has a total
membership of 141 people
(94 married women, 42
married men and 11 youths).
The gross earnings for
the group is more than 81
million Ugandan Shillings
(about US$41,000), said the
chair of the group, Mr.
Charles Byarugaba. This does
not include what was sold
outside the Nandos outlet,
which rejects about 90% of
the harvest due to size.
The project is having a
significant impact on
incomes. Several farmers
have bought more land and
animals, built permanent
*PRAPACE is the French acronym for the Regional Network for Improvement of
Potato and Sweetpotato in Eastern and Central Africa (ECA). It is a Partnership
Program of CIP and one of the networks of the Association for Strengthening
Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa.
Business opportunities for poor households in Kenya

10
incomes and source of

livelihoods for poor
communities, said CIPs
Michael Potts, who is
working on the project. CIP,
with Family Concern, is
focusing on developing
commercial production in
the villages, the private
sector partners, processors,
traders, supermarkets and
retail shops, to establish a
sustainable market
development platform.
Family Concern is setting
up integrated marketing
services based on local
business service providers
like truckers, commercial
vine multipliers, locally based
millers and a commercial
chipping group. Continuing
market access is improving
the farmers competitiveness
in the market place. Incomes
are fairly consistent and
stable for more than
75 percent of the supply
communities, said Family
Concerns Mumbi Kimathi.
Promoting orange-fleshed sweetpotato in a Ugandan supermarket
Over 1500 smallholder

farmers and more than 10
private sector partners are
benefiting from enhanced
market linkages in western
Kenya. Consumer awareness
has triggered enormous
demand for fresh roots and
flour of orange-fleshed
sweetpotato, with stocks
sometimes running out in
various outlets before
midday. With over 50
percent of the population
living in poverty and a high
prevalence of HIV/AIDS in
the region, thousands of
households are benefiting
from a sustainable source of
income and a source of
livelihood by growing and

selling the orange
sweetpotatoes.
A partnership among CIP,
Family Concern (a market
development agency) and
13 non-governmental
organizations in western
Kenya has led to a unique
private sectorcommunity
partnership developing. This
partnership is allowing local
communities to emerge as
key suppliers of fresh roots
and flour of orange-fleshed
sweetpotato for the formal
and informal markets.
Access to profitable and
consistent markets is a key
determinant of access to
In a collaboration
between CIP and Toyota-Bio
in the agroindustrial use of
sweetpotato as animal feed,
variety and fertilizer trials
achieved yields that were
300 percent higher than the
average yields achieved
using the cultivation
techniques of local farmers.
The factorys aim is to
process sweetpotato for
feed. Accessing such a
sweetpotato industry
provides a valuable
opportunity for the local
people to improve their
livelihoods by supplying the
factory with raw material.
Toyota-Bio built a new

factory in Lampung,
Indonesia in April 2001 to
process sweetpotato for
animal feed. However, a
continuous, adequate supply
of high quality sweetpotato
roots is essential for business
success. CIP worked with
Toyota-Bio to develop a
superior sweetpotato variety
that met the industrial need,
as well as improve local
cultivation techniques to
allow farmers to achieve
optimum yield. Together
these produced a three-fold
increase in production.
The study showed that
virus-free cuttings produced

higher yields, some almost
doubling production.
Several sweetpotato
cultivars were identified
with the high levels of dry
matter that were an
important characteristic for
industrial use. Other
research assessed the best
cultural practices to achieve
good yields. In some areas
of Lampung, adding
dolomite could increase
yield by 14-17 percent,
while applying 10-20
tonnes/ha of manure
increased yield by 32-48
percent.
Raising incomes with sweetpotato in Indonesia
Demonstrating sweetpotato varieties in Indonesia
11
Earning money from sweetpotato and pigs in Vietnam

12
Farmers in Vietnam are becoming

more efficient at fattening their pigs
Modern, high-yielding
varieties of sweetpotato
developed by CIP are
producing a 50 percent
increase in yield over
traditional varieties in
Vietnam. Average yield was
over 33 tonnes/ha,
representing a significant
contribution to the
livelihoods of the farmers.
More than 80 percent of
210 farm households that
CIP researchers surveyed in
eight villages in Vietnam had
adopted the varieties.
Sweetpotato is an
important crop in Vietnam,
especially as feed for pigs,
which are important money

earners and a major element
in the local diet. Working in
collaboration with the
National Institute for Animal
Husbandry, the Vietnamese
Agricultural Science Institute,
and Hanoi Agricultural
University, and with support
from the Australian Centre
for International Agricultural
Research, another CIP
project in the country is
developing a more efficient
sweetpotato-pig production
system.
On-station breeding and
on-farm selection produced
sweetpotato varieties with a
high total dry matter yield
with high crude protein and
starch contents that are
suitable for pig feed.
Laboratory research backed
up by feeding trials
developed an efficient
system of processing the
crop by ensiling and sun
drying, grinding and mixing
it with other feed resources.
By combining the
sweetpotato harvest with
other locally available
material like cassava roots
and leaves, groundnut vines,
corn, rice bran, fish and
soybean, the farmers can
produce pig feed that can
be stored over several
months. This resource then
allows the farmers to
develop a healthy yearround feeding strategy for
fattening pigs that balances
nutrients and increases feed
efficiency and hence the
health and growth of the
animals. The strategy takes
into account seasonal yields
of different crops, allowing
them to economize on their
labor and time, reduce the
use of firewood for cooking
feed, increase feed

efficiency and produce a
higher cash income.
Another challenge has
been to extend this
innovative production
system to the largest
number of farmers in
Vietnam at a low cost. This
is being done by building
demonstration sites and
developing Training of
trainers and Farmer to
farmer workshops. By 2005,
248 farmer trainers and
1100 farmers, members of
veterans, womens and
farmers groups, agricultural
cooperatives, commune
leaders and local extension
workers had been trained in
11 provinces. The training is
making the farmers much
more efficient at fattening
pigs by increasing their
skills in planting, breeding,
selecting and processing,
storing and using sweetpotato, and managing pig
health. More recently, CIP
initiated new cooperation
with non-government
organizations working in
rural development to
further extend this
innovation to poor
communities.
Extracting more
benefits from existing
resources is saving work
and time, increasing feed
efficiency and producing a
higher cash income for
small-scale pig farmers in
Vietnam, said Keith Fuglie,
Leader of CIPs Impact
Enhancement Division. The
methodology of the project
is so successful that we are
also providing expertise and
sweetpotato planting
material to projects in
Laos.
Breeding sweetpotato in Southeast Asia
Between 1996 and 2015,

CIPs high starch varieties of
sweetpotato are estimated
to earn US$277.5 million in
Asia, with over 50 percent
of that amount benefiting
the poor. Most of the
sweetpotato cultivars
available in Southeast Asia
are low in dry matter,
because most of the
countries in the region do
not use sweetpotato for
starch or flour-based
industry.
Developing a high dry
matter sweetpotato variety
adapted to Southeast Asian
countries is an important
step in building up such an
industry, so CIP researchers
in the region started to
focus breeding activities on
developing well-adapted
varieties with high dry
matter content. In Indonesia
alone, the potential is
enormous, with a harvested
area of sweetpotato of about
171,000 ha and production
about a million tonnes per
year.
Sukuh, a variety with a
dry matter content of about
36 percent, was developed
in collaboration with the
Indonesian Legumes and
Tuber Root Crops Institute
(ILETRI). The Government
officially released the variety
in 2001, recommending it as
raw material for processing
industries. By 2005 the
variety, with potential
earnings of almost US$1
million per year, had been
adopted by the biggest flour
industry in Indonesia.
Availability of high-dry
matter sweetpotato is one of
the key factors for the
sweetpotato flour Industry.
The industry is beginning to
develop in Indonesia,
indicated by the increasing
interest of private industry to
invest in this business.
Sweetpotato farmers of
course will benefit by having
a market for their product.
A 3-year collaboration
involving CIP, the Toyota
Motor Co. and ILETRI,
adapted a Japanese high dry
matter variety called
Shiroyutaka that was
released officially by the
Indonesian government. CIP
is continuing work to breed
for better high dry matter
yield. New crosses using
current varieties or promising
parents and selection of the
best progeny of the crosses
are on going. In 2004 and
2005 trials at three different
sites (Malang, 500 m asl;
Lampung, 10 m asl; Bogor,
200 m asl) identified 53
clones for further yield trials.
Recently developed new
varieties should have higher
yield potential than the
currently available high dry
matter varieties, said CIPs
Asep Setiawan. Now,
sweetpotato farmers have a
new opportunity to sell their
product to the sweetpotato
flour-based industry instead
of just selling their product
in the form of fresh storage
roots. This is clearly an
advantage for the
sweetpotato farmer in the
region.
The Sukuh variety that has been so

successful in Indonesia, growing in
the field and ready for market
13
14
Hunger
halving, between
1990 and 2015, the
proportion of people
who suffer from
hunger (Target 2)
15
Adapting sweetpotatoes for acceptability in Kenya/Uganda
Consumers and farmers assesing new orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties
Up to the end of 2005, in

Western Kenya, about 30
million cuttings of mainly
orange-fleshed sweetpotato
varieties have been
distributed to farmers. In the
Lake Zone of Tanzania,
about 6 million of three
newly released varieties and
two local varieties have
been distributed. In Uganda
farmers have received over
10 million cuttings. Improved
sweetpotato varieties are
currently grown on at least
30 percent of the total area
planted by farmers in the
major growing areas of
Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.
Over 347,000 households in

Mozambique have received
at least 200 vines and
projections are that over one
million households will soon
have received material.
These figures show that
there is increased
acceptance and consumption
of orange-fleshed
sweetpotato varieties among
consumers, especially
caregivers and children.
These varieties are being
given emphasis in almost all
the countries in the region.
Orange-fleshed sweetpotato
varieties represent the least
expensive, year-round source
*Footnote, p. 9.
16
16
of dietary vitamin A available

to poor families and they are
also an important food and
cash crop. In recent years,
breeding efforts have
intensified in eastern, central
and southern Africa, largely
conducted with the support
of CIP and PRAPACE*.
A multidisciplinary team
approach in the national
breeding programs is being
employed in the evaluation
of sweetpotato varieties. Test
varieties have included many
introductions from CIP,
regionally bred materials as
well as local varieties. Key
stages of the breeding
program incorporate
breeders, integrated crop
management specialists,
post-harvest technologists,
social scientists, consumers
and farmers. CIP and partner
scientists in the region have
been working closely with
farmers to identify and adapt
the preferred orange-fleshed
varieties. Farmers critically
assess the varieties for yield,
tolerance to drought as well
as pests and diseases. Their
knowledge assists in the
selection and development
work, but it also means that
the new varieties are
immediately suitable for use
on their release.
Sweetpotatoes and pigs in Papua
Papua farmers have

increased pig productivity
from one litter every 2 years
to 4 or 5 litters in the same
period, and with more
piglets surviving in each
litter. In a project led by
CIP*, local farmers are
learning through practical
experience how to grow
sweetpotato better and
produce more pigs.
Sweetpotatoes account for
90 percent of the daily diet
of local people in Papua,
Indonesia, and up to
100 percent of the pig feed.
So improving the
sweetpotato-pig production
system is certain to improve
the livelihoods of local
people.
When project workers
first met Penina Matuan in
2002, she was a very
ordinary farmer, like others
in the Baliem valley of
Papua. With her husband,
Wamisik Elopere, she grows
sweetpotatoes and pigs.
Both are important
agricultural commodities, but
pigs also carry a significant
sociocultural, financial and
nutritional value in the
indigenous cultures of Papua.
The farmers learn to
build good pig housing with
improved enclosures or
lalekens for a rotational
foraging system. They learn
how to increase sow
productivity with better care
and diet. The project also
encourages them to share
their experiences with other
farmer collaborators as well
as among their own
communities.
Wamisik Elopere checking his pigs in Papua
For Penina and Wamisik,

their involvement promises
them a brighter future.
Now, in 2005, after three
years of working with the
project, they have a better
life. Their household
economy is very much
improved. From the income
earned by growing
sweetpotatoes and raising
pigs, next year they are
ready to send their son,
Otnil Elopere, to study at
the university.
* Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research CIP South

Australia Research and Development Institute Project (AH/1998/054): Poverty
Alleviation and Food Security through Improving the Sweetpotato-Pig Systems
in Papua, Indonesia
17
Improving nutrition and food security in DPR Korea

18
Potato has been declared a priority crop in DPR Korea
Increasing potato
production, potato yields
and planted areas are the
targets for CIPs collaboration
with government agencies in
the Democratic Peoples
Republic of Korea. In the last
decade total potato
production in DPR Korea has
more than tripled as a result
of area expansion. The
potato was declared a
priority crop by DPR Koreas
Great Leader Kim Il Sung
and the country is making
efforts to increase
productivity. CIPs work is
aimed at enhancing
breeding, increasing yield
and reducing post-harvest
losses by removing the

major constraints to
production, said CIPs
Fengyi Wang, who is
coordinating the work.
A team of potato
scientists from CIP and the
Academy of Agricultural
Sciences of DPR Korea is
rehabilitating seed-producing
facilities, introducing
improved methods for
production of high-quality
seed, and identifying postharvest storage and handling
technologies suitable to the
local climate and economic
conditions. Clones and true
seeds with resistance to late
blight and viral diseases
were also introduced to

enhance potato breeding
ability. For example, disease
pressure has been assessed,
and 10,000 true potato
seeds and healthy seed
tubers of six promising
cultivars have been
introduced for testing.
The project, which
started in June 2004, and is
funded by the Common
Fund for Commodities, also
supports field research
activities in the lowlands and
highlands of the country,
aiming at improving the
single- and double-cropping
potato-production systems
that prevail. After one year
of work, achievements have
been made in capacity
development, by training
local scientists inside and out
of the country, organizing
study tours and Farmer Field
Schools. Some of the main
outputs of this project are
going to be improved
capacities that, when
properly applied with the
strong support given by the
government of the DPR of
Korea, will bring sustainable
development to the potato
sector, commented CIPs
Regional leader Fernando
Ezeta.
therefore limiting the

quantities that can be
carried in.
The work with the local
clones started in the first
quarter of 2005 in Bogor
after the salt-tolerant clones
arrived in Indonesia. Koko
Tjintokohadi from our office
went to Aceh to make
contact with local institutions
to take up and multiply the
clones.
Over two seasons, CIP
staff organized trials of 8
local and 12 varieties
imported from the CIP
genebank in Lima, Peru, and
worked to multiply and
introduce them into Aceh.
One variety, Muara-B, which
has orange flesh, performed
well, with local farmers
saying that it had good flesh
color and taste after frying.
They believe it will be
popular in the area. In
another multiplication plot of
salinity-tolerant materials
sent from the CIP genebank
in Lima, several varieties
were showing resistance to
the debilitating disease foliar
scab.
CIPs actions, in
collaboration with local
authorities and institutions,
will give the poor some
alternatives to choose from
and provide sweetpotato as
a nutritious food to feed
their families. I wish we
could move faster and
tell you that many thousands
of people have our
sweetpotatoes to eat, said
Asep. This will probably
happen in 2-3 years because
this is the way with
vegetatively multiplied roots
and tubers. We are
convinced sweetpotato is a
good alternative to rebuild
CIPs Koko Tjintokohadi and a

worker from the Catholic Relief
Service checking out a load of
sweetpotato clones
Bringing benefit to tsunami victims in Indonesia
Since the tsunami on 26

December 2004, CIP has
sent over 12,000 cuttings of
different salt-tolerant clones
to Banda Aceh and
Meulaboh for trials, planting
and multiplication to provide
a much-needed alternative
food source to help farmers
rebuild their livelihoods.
Over 250,000 people are
dead or missing in Aceh,
with over 500,000 internally
displaced. Many farmers in
the most affected areas have
lost two consecutive riceplanting seasons. Months
after the tragedy, rice will
not grow in the heavily
salinated soil. About a half of
the 147,000 ha of irrigated
rice fields and 683,000 ha of
rain-fed food crop areas have
sustained various degrees of
damage.
Asep Setiawan from CIPs
Region Office for East and
Southeast Asia and the
Pacific, takes up the story.
At the end of January 2005,
CIP staff in Bogor met and
mapped out a course of
action, including the
introduction of salt-tolerant
clones from the Lima
sweetpotato collection,
multiplication of local and
introduced clones in Indonesia,
identification of local
partners in Aceh to receive,
multiply and disseminate the
adapted clones and
identification of partners to
finance this activity.
Aceh is on the northern
tip of Sumatra, far away from
Bogor. The road system in
Aceh was seriously disrupted,
making surface transportation
difficult if not impossible.
Transporting sweetpotato
vines to this remote area has
to be done by plane,
the livelihoods of the

people. Our contribution is
mainly to rehabilitate the
agriculture of those farmers
affected by the tsunami. The
important thing here is that
we have a strategy and a
plan and we moved to
implement it right away with
the strong commitment of
local Indonesian staff.
19
Potato improves livelihoods of farmers

in the Maasai community of Kenya
Abundant potatoes in a Kenyan market
Until 2001, the Maasai

people of the Olokurto
Division in Kenya, who are
known mainly for animal
keeping, were cropping only
barley and wheat. In 2001,
the improved variety Tigoni
(CIP-381381.13) developed by
the Kenyan Potato Program
with support from CIP and
PRAPACE* was supplied to the
Naramatisho Self Help Group
of 97 members (67 males, 30
females). Contracts were
established with two potato
processing companies (Njoro
Canning and Steers
restaurants) in 2001 and 2003,
for supply of table potato.
Between 2001 and August
2004 the group supplied an

average of 8 tonnes of
potato per week to the two
companies.
The chairman of the
group, Mr Ezekiel Saoli
announced on 11 October
2005 that potato is an
appropriate crop for both
food security and poverty
reduction since two crops are
possible per year and the
yield is high compared to
barley and wheat. He said
that before the introduction
of potato, they used to have
only one barley crop per year
with an average yield/acre of
11.5 bags (90 kg each) which
provides an average total
*Footnote, p. 9.
20
revenue of 15525 Ksh (about

US$ 210). With potato, the
average yield/acre is 115 bags
(100 kg each) for an average
total revenue of 46 000 Ksh
(US$622) per acre per season.
He affirmed that many
members of his group now
pay school fees for their
children and others have
constructed new houses and
bought furniture for the
house. In Olokurto Division,
every household has potato
for daily food security as
potato is now mixed with all
local meals. Mr Saoli also
remarked that Potato is
becoming a number 1 crop
in this Division.
high, rather than during the

harvest season.
Lack of quality seed is a
major production constraint in
many of the Sub-Saharan
African countries. Quality seed
represents less than 2 percent
of total materials planted each
season. Most planting
materials are saved from table
potato crops, which leads to a
build up of systemic diseases
such as viruses and bacterial
wilt and to low yields.
In 2004-2005, selected
groups of farmers were
trained in Kenya and Ethiopia
in the technique of positive
selection to improve
productivity and the
importance of quality seed.
Positive selection means
saving seed tubers from
healthy looking plants that
produce a high yield of
healthy looking tubers. It is a
simple but efficient technique
that can contribute to
improving the quality of selfsupply planting materials and
potato productivity in
resource-poor farmers
conditions. This training was
done with the support of CIP,
PRAPACE, CIPs partnership
program the Global Mountain
Program, national potato
programs and extension
services.
Crops grown with seed
tubers selected through
positive selection consistently
had highly significant lower
virus incidences ranging from
7.50.7 percent to 19.31.6
percent compared to a range
of 62.05.7 percent to
79.12.9 percent in crops
planted with seed selected
using farmers methods. Seed
from positive selection
resulted in generally higher
crop vigour. In Kenya, mean
Packing the potato harvest in an

Ethiopian field
tuber yield/ha and mean

number of tubers/plant were
31.4 and 31.6 percent higher
in crops grown from
positively selected seed
compared to plants from seed
selected by farmers through
the traditional method.
Teaching the technique to
farmers empowers them to
produce better planting
materials and educates them
in the importance of quality
seed and the need to renew
seed when their stock is
degenerated.
Potatoes for food security in Ethiopia and Kenya
Potato varieties resistant

to late blight, developed by
CIPs PRAPACE*, more than
doubled gross incomes from
farmers fields in Uganda
(US$473 vs. $1103 per tonne)
and raised the net benefit of
growing the varieties in
Ethiopia from about US$300
per ha to over $3000 per ha.
Late blight-resistant varieties
also enabled farmers in
Ethiopian highlands to grow
potatoes during the long rainy
season, which was never
possible before. This provides
much-needed food to
thousands of farmers during
the months of acute food
shortage in September,
October and November, just
before the period of grain
harvests. Local farmers
emphasized that they had not
faced food shortages
throughout the year since the
introduction of the improved
potato varieties.
In Kenya, the CIP variety
Tigoni, which is resistant to
late blight and high yielding,
allowed farmers to earn gross
margins of up to US$720/ha
as compared to actually losing
$50/ha when they were
growing the local late blightsusceptible variety Nyayo.
The Ginchi area of Ethiopia
and the Mount Elgon region
of Kenya both have relatively
long dry spells that result in
periodic shortages of fresh
potatoes in the markets. The
Ethiopian Potato Program,
PRAPACE and CIP introduced
low-cost, naturally ventilated
ware potato stores that offer
a simple way of storing
potatoes. These are now
becoming popular because
they allow farmers to get two
or three times more income
by selling when prices are
*Footnote, p. 9.
21
22
Mortality
reducing by twothirds, between 1990

and 2015, the underfive mortality rate
(Target 5)
reducing by threequarters, between
1990 and 2015, the
maternal mortality
ratio (Target 6)
23
Human health and potato production in the Andes

24
Ecohealth is promoting careful

handling of pesticides
Ecohealth is a participatory
research intervention project
on health and agriculture.
The aim of the project is to
improve the sustainability of
the agricultural production
systems by reducing health
risks and the promotion of
health benefits. The impact
of pesticides on human
health and potato production
is the main research issue.
Ecohealth also looks for the
relationships among potato
production systems,
biodiversity, agroecology and
malnutrition.
We started implementing
the project in Ecuador in
January 2005, said CIPs

Fadya Orozco, who is
coordinating the project.
And we have already had
some significant outcomes at
the community, municipality
and provincial levels.
Project staff started
collecting toxic garbage from
pesticide products together
with Montufar Municipality in
two local communities in
Carchi. Potato production
groups and staff in the
municipalities of Montufar
and Quero completed
questionnaires on the use
and management of
pesticides and integrated
pest management. Data
have also been collected on
the use and management of
pesticide and health impacts
in 21 communities in Carchi,
Chimborazo and Tungurahua,
as well as information from
health care providers at the
Ministry of Health on the
health impacts of pesticide
use. These have carried
through to the municipality
level, said Graham Thiele,
CIPs coordinator in Quito.
We now have written
agreements signed with the
Departments of Environment
and Production at the
Montufar Municipality in
Carchi and Quero
Municipality in Tungurahua
on local policies to promote
the reduction of health risks
associated with pesticide
use.
At the provincial level, 38
people from the Ministry of
Health have been trained in
using an epidemiological
surveillance information
package for pesticides and
12 health care facilitators
were trained as trainers in
using a diagnosis and
treatment guide for pesticide

poisoning in Carchi. A
regional workshop
developed together with the
Food and Agriculture
Organization and Ministry of
Health targeted nearly 70
health care providers of the
Andean Region in Ecuador
and highlighted the need for
policy support to develop
national surveillance systems
for pesticide poisonings.
The project is aiming to
integrate the health and
agriculture agendas by
involving stakeholder
partnership platforms and
policymakers from the
agriculture and health
sectors at the provincial and
national levels at key times.
Farmers and technicians in
the potato production
platform in Chimborazo have
already shared their
experiences on market
opportunities and the use of
integrated pest management
in potato production with 40
farmers leaders in the
Montufar Municipality,
pointed out Orozco.
Ultimately we will be
developing health and
agriculture strategies to
promote the reduction of
health risk associated with
pesticide use in Carchi,
Chimborazo and
Tungurahua.
other improved sweetpotato

varieties.
Participatory research
programmes in Orissa and in
other states of India have
involved almost 20,000
farmers and had tremendous
impact on the impoverished
tribal and farming
communities. Working with
grassroots development
agencies, CIP has been
active in selecting and
scaling up the distribution
and production of
nutritionally rich and highyielding OFSP varieties. The
area planted to these
varieties has grown from
nothing to almost 35-40
hectares today. CIP has also
engaged in training
resource-poor farmers and
tribal people in integrated
crop management and
creating greater awareness
of the usefulness of the
sweetpotato varieties.
We want more and
more orange sweetpotatoes
as they have now become
part of our livelihood and
our children like its color
and taste, said a farmer
from Gajapati district of
Orissa in Eastern India. I
could earn money with
these sweetpotatoes by
growing them in my
backyard and in the waste
land of my village and my
children could eat food
which is healthy, added a
woman farmer from eastern
Uttar Pradesh in northern
India.
Sweetpotato fights blindness in India
In India 30-40,000 children

suffer from eye disease
brought on by vitamin A
deficiency. Most of them go
blind in a year. Applying the
lessons learned by CIPs
VITAA*, staff in CIPs
Regional Office for
Southwest and Central Asia
are working to introduce,
develop and disseminate
orange-fleshed sweetpotato
(OFSP) in the region. The
varieties developed by CIP
are rich in vitamin A and
powerful tools in this fight
against blindness. Nearly
70,000 vine cuttings have
been distributed for planting
in the farming communities
in Orissa, eastern Uttar
Pradesh and Bihar in the
past three years.
Sweetpotato is rich in
carbohydrates and nutrients
like vitamin A and vitamin C,
and produces more edible
energy per hectare per day
than wheat, rice or cassava.
Vitamin A deficiency and its
inevitable consequences, eye
disease and blindness, are a
major public health problem
in South Asia. Children less
than 5 years old suffering
from this deficiency are the
main targets for dietary
supplementation through
OFSP. CIP is identifying
potential stakeholders
directly or indirectly involved
in sweetpotato cultivation in
the region who are
spearheading the work on
food and nutritional security.
CIP is also linking up with
grassroots organizations and
agencies to implement
programs to scale up
multiplication and
distribution of OFSP and
In India, 30-40,000 children suffer

from eye disease brought on by
vitamin A deficiency
*See footnote, next page
25
Orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties in Sub-Saharan Africa
50 million African children

under the age of six can
avoid the risk of blindness
and disease by eating just
100 g a day of the new
varieties of orange-fleshed
sweetpotato (OFSP) that
CIPs Vitamin A for Africa
partnership (VITAA1) is
pioneering. In recent years,
breeding efforts have been
intensified and about 15
new varieties with high dry
matter content and
resistance to viruses have
been accepted by farmers
and consumers in Tanzania,
Uganda, Kenya, Mozambique
and South Africa, said
Regina Kapinga, the
coordinator of VITAA.
Sweetpotato is an
important food and cash
crop in East and Central
Africa. National programs in
almost all of the countries in
the region are emphasizing
OFSP varieties. A
multidisciplinary team
approach is being employed
in the national programs.
Many new varieties have
been released officially.
Multiplication and distribution
of planting materials have
been expanded by engaging
individual farmers, communitybased organizations and
international non-governmental
organizations. The work has
been largely conducted
through support to the main
countries from CIP and the
PRAPACE2 and SARRNET3
networks. Key stages of the
breeding programs
incorporate breeders and
nutritionists, as well as
consumers and farmers. This
ensures that both the
farmers and consumers
accept the new varieties, and
that they grow well.
Over 45 million cuttings
have also been distributed in
the region. In Western
Kenya, about 30 million
cuttings of mainly OFSP
varieties have been
distributed to farmers from
stations of the Kenya
Agricultural Research Institute
and local organizations. In
the Lake Zone of Tanzania,
about 6 million vines of
three popular varieties have
been distributed. In Uganda
the Namulonge Agricultural
and Animal Research Institute
alone has distributed about
10 million cuttings of the
newly released varieties to
farmers. Over 550,000
households in Mozambique
have received at least 200
OFSP vines.
To make these cultivars
available to farmers in
quantities sufficient to have
quick impact, innovative
methods of vine propagation
and distribution are
necessary. CIP has
successfully promoted a
number of new methods4.
Improved multiplication
schemes have focused on
building on farmers
traditional methods, said
CIPs Sam Namanda, who is
based in Kampala. We also
give additional training on
selecting healthy material for
planting.
These schemes have

been promoted through
partnerships with
government organizations,
larger non-governmental
organizations, networking
with groups of smaller nongovernmental organizations,
farmer field schools, church
groups, unemployed youths,
schools and private
entrepreneurs. Farmers with
small land-holdings, limited
resources, marginal soils and
frequent droughts are
common and have been the
particular target of activities.
Support has also been given
to the many refugees and
internally displaced people
within the region.
As root production
increases there is a demand
from farmers for market
opportunities, said
Namanda. Producer groups,
linked to the vine-production
groups, are being
encouraged to exploit the
market opportunities for
fresh roots, processed chips
and animal feed.
OFSP varieties currently
grown by farmers in major
growing areas of Kenya,
Tanzania and Uganda cover
at least 15 percent of the
total planted area, said
Regina Kapinga. And there
is ever-increasing acceptance
and consumption of OFSP
varieties by consumers,
especially among children
and caregivers.
1
The VITAA partnership includes more than 60 agencies from the health, nutrition and agricultural sectors, working together to extend the impact of
orange-fleshed sweetpotato in more than ten partner countries in the SSA region.
2
See footnote, p. 9
3
SARRNET, Southern African Root Crops Research Network, an International Institute for Tropical Agriculture/CIP partnership for cassava and sweetpotato
distribution.
4
Through the Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ)-funded project Large-Scale Deployment of Improved Sweet Potatoes in subSaharan Africa, targeting Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The research has been done in collaboration with and supported by Harvest Plus,
PRAPACE, CIP-GTZ, the McKnight Foundation, as well as governments in partner countries.
26
Sustainable development
integrating the
principles of
sustainable
development into
country policies and
programs and
reversing the loss of
environmental
resources (Target 9)
27
Roadmap to collaboration in the Andes
Project staff working with local

farmers on an Andean farm
A novel approach to
collaboration will allow the
partners of a CGIAR Andean
development initiative much
greater representation at the
regional level. Despite
decades of research and
development initiatives,
more than 60 percent of the
rural inhabitants of the
Andes still live in poverty.
Less than half have access to
health services, safe drinking
water and sanitation. One
child in nine fails to reach
his or her first birthday.
Population pressure, soil
erosion and nutrient loss,
drought, frost, flooding,
28
deforestation, salinization,
political violence and market
marginalization are among
the most common
constraints to social and
economic development.
CONDESAN, the
Consortium for the
Sustainable Development of
the Andean Ecoregion, is an
ecoregional programme
operated by CIP that has
been working on the frontier
of research and
development in the rural
Andes since 1992. Building
on many years of successful
collaboration, in 2005,
CONDESAN began preparing
a Road Map that will give
its partners much greater
influence in the operation
and impact of the
Consortium in the region.
CONDESANs partners are
assuming more leadership
and organizing themselves
into Partner Initiatives. The
Road Map establishes a
framework of priority issues
that respond directly to
research questions that are
key to rural development in
the Andes. The Road Map
allows CONDESAN to
advance its work yet
increase the participation
and influence of its partners.
Over 70 organizations,
both national and
international, public and
private, are involved as
partners. Most of
CONDESANs work takes
place in seven benchmark
sites, within the Andean
countries, in watersheds that
are broadly representatives
of major Andean
ecosystems. CONDESANs
effort has always focused on
ways to stimulate and take
advantage of its partners
ideas and experiences in

order to generate new
development options in the
Andes. The Road Map allows
CONDESAN to concentrate
on ecoregional activities,
based on the results,
knowledge and networks of
its partners.
The Road Map will
better define the
cooperative relationship
between CONDESAN and its
partners, said Hector
Cisneros, CONDESANs
Programme Coordinator.
CONDESAN is powered by
its partners work, allowing it
to enrich every partners
work in return.
The purpose of this road map

is to improve the quality and
effectiveness of the work of
CONDESANs partners,
through alliances and
interchanges. This will harness
the social management of
Andean natural resources and
their rational and sustainable
use, and promote productive
transformation and
institutional changes that help
to overcome conditions of
poverty, exclusion and
inequality. To achieve this
objective, CONDESAN will
stimulate and support
learning and relationships
among its partners, who will
work throughout the Andes to
generate, synthesize and
integrate knowledge,
sthrenghthen multi-player
networks and platforms, foster
communication and
information, strenghthen the
capabilities of local players,
and promote dialogue with
citizens and affect policies on
the following two issues:
Integrated management of
water resources with respect
to watersheds, ecosystems,
and political units, and
Innovations in agrarian
systems that take advantage
of the wealth contained in
the diversity of the Andes.
own seed production program.

Selecting early varieties is
particularly important because
of the large export market to
Russia that exists in the entire
Caucasus region, noted Carli.
In the dual cropping
system practiced in the
lowlands, there is a need for
early varieties (for export),
tolerant to abiotic stresses
(heat, drought, salinity),
resistant to viruses and pests.
In the main cropping system
practiced in the highlands,
there is a need for mid-late
and late varieties with long
dormancy, resistant to diseases
(late blight and frost in the
Caucasus).
In the past several years,
over 100 in vitro clones that
combine earliness, heat
tolerance, resistance to
viruses and high tuber quality
have been distributed by CIP
in Kazakhstan, Armenia,
Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. In
the highlands of Tajikistan, in
collaboration with staff of the
local Horticulture Research
Institute Bogparvar based in
the capital Dushanbe, 4000
seedlings from 40 true seed
families have been undergoing
regional clonal selection, with
eleven tuber families already
showing promising results.
Furthermore, more than 3000
in vitro plantlets have been
transplanted into a CIP-built
screenhouse in the premises
of the Biotechnology Dept. of
the State Agrarian University,
Tashkent. They will produce
minitubers that will be used
for further multilocation trials
in several Uzbek sites with
specific micro-climates and
abiotic stress conditions.
CIP is also working to
evaluate the usefulness of true
potato seed (TPS) as an
alternative seed production
Women play an essential role in Tajik

agriculture. In the picture: women
cutting haulms in a seed potato
field, Gonchi district, Tajikistan
technology for marginal areas

of the region. At the Research
Institute of Vegetables, Melon
and Potato, Tashkent, TPS have
been sown in a nursery for
direct seedling tuber
production. In the highlands of
Tajikistan, again in collaboration
with Bogparvar, TPS is under
test for its suitability. Such
innovations will rapidly increase
yield and so are contributing to
development in a region
characterized by poor
agricultural productivity and
low living standards,
concluded Carli.
Sustaining development in Central Asia and the Caucasus
Potatoes are an essential

element in Central Asia and
the Caucasus. Countries such as
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan
and Uzbekistan have a high
potato production potential and
have been increasing their
production capacity in recent
years. CIP is gradually
expanding its operation in this
area in response to an
overwhelming need. The
region produces about 6
million tonnes of potatoes on
about 470,000 hectares.
However, productivity is still
low, recovering on average
only 4.5 times the amount of
potatoes used as seed.
CIP is working on a number of
different approaches to the
many challenges in the region.
After the collapse of the
Soviet Union and the
consequent disintegration of
the former agricultural research
and production systems, local
seed multipliers struggled to
obtain healthy materials at an
affordable price because of
unfavorable currency exchange
rates. As a consequence, local
farmers tend to utilize their
own saved seed for more
generations, with yields
declining year after year due
to various diseases, said Carlo
Carli, CIPs regional seed
specialist in the Liaison Office
in Uzbekistan.
As well as working with
local institutions to develop
capacity throughout the
region, CIP is playing an
important role in supplying
adapted germplasm for variety
development. This will allow
local scientists to identify
clonal varieties with the
resistance and tolerance
characteristics (viruses, late
blight, heat, drought) and
marketability that will permit
the countries to develop their
29
Supporting research and development in East

and Southeast Asia and the Pacific
30
30
Farmers assesing test plots in

Nepal
Potato farmers in Nepal

have increased their net
income by 35 percent by
using healthy seed, after
adapting global research
products and merging them
with local knowledge on
integrated crop
management. In the
Philippines, sweetpotato
farmers have increased their
net income by 38 percent
using clean planting
materials. Over 1500 smallscale pig producers in
Vietnam have been trained
on how best to use
sweetpotato to feed pigs.
These grassroots benefits are
typical of the impact of CIPs

partnership program, User
Perspectives with Research
and Development, or
UPWARD.
UPWARD is a network of
scientists and development
specialists working to
increase participation by
farmers and other users of
agricultural technology in
research and development.
The case of Nepal is a
good example of its
operation, said UPWARDs
coordinator, Dindo Campilan,
who is based in Los Baos.
Nepals potato consumption
per capita is the highest in
South Asia. However, the
countrys potato productivity
is one of the lowest in the
world. Use of low-quality
seed, prohibitive cost of
chemical control measures,
and poor crop management
practices were among the
key factors for serious
disease problems.
Potato farmers, especially
in very remote mountain
areas, are barely reached by
formal research and
extension services. They are
mostly left on their own to
manage their potato
livelihoods. Since the 1990s,
CIP has worked with national
partners to develop and
promote potato integrated
disease management (IDM)
appropriate to the extremely
resource-poor conditions of
Nepal farmers. In 1998,
UPWARD and a previous
project led the development
of a farmer field school (FFS)
approach to facilitate farmer
learning and experimentation
on potato IDM. By 2003,
over 1400 farmers in 14
pilot districts had participated
in FFS activities coordinated
by the Department of
Agriculture. A post-FFS
evaluation revealed high
knowledge recall by farmerparticipants, with each of
them sharing potato IDM
knowledge with an average
of 18 other farmers.
From 2003 to date,
collaborative work has
focused on sustaining and
institutionalizing FFS-potato
IDM. Advocacy and
networking efforts led to
Nepals adoption of a
national policy granting
authority to district offices in
using government funds for
FFS activities, said Campilan.
Various non-governmental
organizations, particularly
CARE Nepal and World
Education, have likewise
integrated the FFS-potato
IDM approach into their own
farmer training programs.
Since then, at least 5000
additional farmers have
participated in potato/
vegetable FFSs. It is this
approach that has led to the
dramatic increase in farmer
income, together with
benefits such as increased
use of healthy seed
maintained on-farm and
better use of chemical
inputs, concluded
Campilan.
Extensive evualation work has contributed to improved sweetpotato

varieties in Indonesia
varieties needed for starch

and flour processing.
The collection also has a
security function. In 1997,
when drought caused major
losses of sweetpotato
diversity in parts of the
Central Highlands of Papua,
CIP was able to supply
thousands of cuttings of
material collected from
those areas to revive the
local agriculture.
Conserving sweetpotato germplasm in Indonesia
High-starch varieties of
sweetpotato will have been
worth over $20 million to
Indonesia by 2015.
Sweetpotato is an essential
food and livelihood crop in
Indonesia, and conserving its
biodiversity is essential in
developing new varieties
with higher yields, increased
disease resistance and
greater productivity. CIPs
collaboration with national
institutions is having a major
impact on conserving the
biodiversity of this valuable
crop, increasing food
supplies and stimulating local
industries.
In 1990, CIPs staff at the
Regional Office for East,
Southeast Asia and the
Pacific began to collect and
evaluate sweetpotato
germplasm. The office
currently maintains over
1000 accessions in
Indonesia. Field genebanks
of landraces are the main
form of ex situ storage but
for long-term conservation,
this essential genetic
material is also conserved as
botanical seed.
Extensive evaluation work
allowed elite local and
introduced varieties to be
selected and utilized as a
basis for breeding and
disseminating improved
varieties.
CIP is playing an
important role in supporting
the distribution of planting
materials for various
purposes to national
institutions in Indonesia.
Since 1992, it has distributed
1631 samples to 29 groups
in the country. Selected
varieties are used in
breeding programs for food
varieties as well as for
31
Farmer field schools: success in East Africa
A Rwanda farmer assessing field

attributes of sweetpotato
In 2005, field school

graduates in Soroti district in
eastern Uganda have
provided over 4.5 million
vines for wider distribution
in the region. This is only
one tangible result of 59
season-long pre- and postharvest sweetpotato farmer
field schools that have
trained more than 1400
farmers in western Kenya,
northeast Uganda and
northwest Tanzania.
The experiential learning
approach of farmer field
schools provides farmers
with a deeper understanding
of crop ecology and with
32
observational, analytical and

problem-solving skills.
Farmers are using what
they learn to improve
household nutrition and
income through growing
sweetpotato varieties with
high vitamin A content and
producing more sweetpotato.
They can also make better
decisions as a result of
understanding how to base
economic decisions on
evidence they collect about
their own activities. As well
as selling vines to others in
time for the planting season,
farmer groups are
developing new market
linkages for roots and chips
and setting up profit making
village-level quality
processing units.
CIP scientists are
participating in this UK
Department of International
Development project that is
being run by the Natural
Resources Institute (NRI) in
the UK. The project brings
together the most promising
results from a number of
successful studies into an
integrated management
approach, said NRIs Tanya
Stathers, who is coordinating
the project. It aims to
contribute realistically to
higher yields, more reliable
food security, and improved
household incomes and
livelihoods in East Africa,
added project assistant Sam
Namanda.
Farmers have been keen
to try out new varieties and
planting techniques, and the
formation of cohesive
farmers groups during these
collective learning activities,
and their exposure to
economic analysis, increases
the negotiating power of
farmers with traders or

suppliers, and leads to an
increased awareness of their
rights.
Twenty three extension
staff and 18 staff of nongovernmental organizations
have been trained as master
trainers; 26 farmers who are
field school graduates have
been given supplementary
training and are operating as
farmer facilitators. The future
of the schools in the region
now lies in the hands of
these skilled farmer
facilitators, who are not only
trusted by their colleague
farmers, but are also highly
experienced and committed.
The project has
stimulated huge demand for
further support for
sweetpotato farmer field
schools from a wide range
of stakeholders including
farmers groups, local
government officials,
extension staff, nongovernmental and
community organizations and
other projects.
Executive Director of the

project. CIP and our
partners have worked
successfully in that area for
the past two decades and
obtained impressive results
among the native
communities.
The project is working
initially in 20 communities
that represent 700 peasant
communities, which in turn
host 42,000 farming families,
although strong links will be
built with local governments
and their research and
extension systems, nongovernmental organizations
(NGOs) and other
development agencies. Field
work by staff from CIP
divisions and the Center for
Research on Natural
Resources and the
Environment (a key partner
NGO in Puno) has started,
including the inventory and
collecting of native potatoes,
identification and
characterization of potato
varieties adapted to
environmental stress for the
selection of resistant
varieties.
Major efforts are focusing
on increasing income
through higher agricultural
productivity of potatoes,
quinoa, oca, alpacas, meat
and milk, and trout among
others, and by adding value
through better processing
and marketing. Development
work such as the promotion
of the production, processing
and marketing of dairy
products and organic quinoa,
and capacity building of
artisan women started during
2005. Building on existing
CIP work, local women are
being organized and trained
to take part in post-harvest
Andean roots and tubers are

essential to the diet in the
Altiplano
activities that add value to

primary products. Other work
is focused on improving
child nutrition and health
through enhanced food
availability, dietary diversity
and nutritional education.
Promoting the use of better
agricultural technologies will
reduce and reverse natural
resources degradation.
The net impact will be
to raise the standard of
living of the local people,
concluded Hugo Li-Pun.
Major new project benefits the Altiplano of Peru and Bolivia
Thousands of families that

live in the Altiplano of Peru
and Bolivia will see their
living conditions improved
through an important new
project that is being
implemented by CIP and
funded by the Canadian
International Development
Agency (CIDA). The
Altiplano, a plateau located
between the two nations at
more than 3,635 m asl, is
one of the poorest regions
in the world.
This 5-year, C$10 million
project will help to reduce
poverty in isolated regions in
the Altiplano and to improve
governance and selfsufficiency at local level,
said the Ambassador of
Canada to Peru, Ms.
Genevive de Rivires. It
will make it possible to
develop the private sector, it
will contribute to
environmental protection
and to the empowerment of
women.
This work will help to
reach the Millennium
Development Goals of the
United Nations, and - among
other things - improve
human health through food
security and better nutrition,
commented Pamela K.
Anderson, CIPs Director
General. The Altiplano is
home to 6 million people,
three quarters of whom live
in poverty. Around 55
percent live in extreme
poverty, facing problems like
low agricultural productivity,
natural resource degradation
and marginalization.
Our objective is to
improve the livelihood of
rural communities in the
Peru-Bolivia Altiplano, said
CIPs Dr. Hugo Li Pun,
33
34
Slums
to achieving a
significant
improvement in the
lives of at least 100
million slum dwellers
(Target 11)
35
Selling flower garlands in Metro Manila, the Philippines
Although picturesque, selling flower

garlands has some hidden dangers
The picturesque business

of making and selling flower
garlands in Metro Manila is
complicated and even
dangerous. Although
providing a livelihood for
thousands of people, it also
promotes child labor and
holds the threat of chemical
poisoning. CIPs partnership
programmes Urban Harvest
and UPWARD looked at ways
of improving the system.
Garlands made from
jasmine flowers (or
sampaguita) can be seen
everywhere in the
Philippines, hanging from
mirrors in public transport,

presented to tourists as
welcome offerings, as
decoration in weddings and
in houses and churches. This
simple but fragrant flower
plays a big role in the
economic survival of the
poor peri-urban and urban
households in Metro Manila
and nearby provinces. It also
has socio-cultural benefits
such as work opportunities
for out-of-school youths and
women, promotion of trust
and loyalty, and strengthening
community traditions.
Simple as it seems,
sampaguita garland vending
is a complex system that
needs comprehensive and
integrated action, said
UPWARDs Arma Bertuso,
who completed a study in
2005. The business provides
significant economic benefits
to urban poor households,
but it is besieged with
challenges. These include
health and social issues,
economic difficulties,
technical challenges and
institutional and policy
problems.
An increasing number of
street children from urban
poor households are involved
in the sampaguita business
as garland peddlers. Vendors
are constantly exposed to
pollution, particularly the
children that sell in busy
intersections. High seasonal
prices cause problems for
the capital-starved vendors.
The flowers themselves have
a very short storage life and
the plants are susceptible to
disease. Local governments,
church officials and police
authorities can be
unsympathetic or even
* Users Perspectives With Agricultural Research and Development
36
antagonistic to the trade.

We need to turn the
existing garland-peddling
business into a family microenterprise, said Bertuso. We
enhance the skills of the
parents and older siblings
and so eliminate children
from vending in streets. For
example, in 2004, four
government agencies and
the Congressional Spouses
Foundation Inc. launched a
project to protect and
remove the sampaguita
garland child vendors from
the streets of Metro Manila
by providing an alternative
livelihood project to the
families. The project helped
110 mothers to attend arts
and craft classes, and
provided them with seed
capital and marketing
assistance to start small
businesses.
The marketability of
sampaguita garlands could be
improved through research
into a high-end product that
would broaden the market to
stores. Prolonging the storage
life of the flowers would
help vendors who cannot
afford good storage facilities.
Establishing sampaguita
gardens in Metro Manila on
vacant lots would increase
production during lean
months. At the policy level,
legislators and government
officials need to understand
the significance of the
sampaguita enterprise to
urban poor households to
support its development.
This study is an excellent
example of the way we can
bring our abilities to bear on
the urban and peri-urban
poor, said Urban Harvests
coordinator Gordon Prain.
crops and farm workers by

pathogenic micro-organisms
in urban waste and human
excreta, contamination from
agrochemicals in confined
urban spaces, and disease
spread from domestic
livestock.
The study clearly showed
that children in urban
farming households have
better nutrition. The risks
from heavy metals are very
limited and complex organic
compounds in vehicle
emissions and smoke from
wood and refuse burning
show no immediate risk.
Pathogens are not
transmitted to crops through
their roots, or to tubers
grown in contaminated
wetlands. However, farmers
should not use contaminated
waste water to clean or
freshen up leafy vegetables,
although they can be
decontaminated by cooking.
Even if poor urban
farmers and residents
understand the health risks,
they felt powerless to do
anything about them due to
their limited options daily
survival and feeding the
family come first. This is
where Urban Harvest can be
most effective, said Diana
Lee-Smith, who carried out
the survey. Previously, the
laws and policies of Kampala
City Council did not support
or recognize farming as an
urban activity. The results of
the 2005 study influenced
reform of laws governing
urban farming in Kampala.
The City Council
developed new laws on
urban agriculture, livestock
keeping and the production
and marketing of meat, fish
and dairy products. This was
Urban farming means better

nutrition as well as livelihoods
done through a participatory

process according to
Ugandas constitution, which
provides for public
participation in law-making.
Five meetings were held
involving stakeholders
including urban farmers, with
the support of Urban Harvest.
Poor farmers, local
politicians, officials, nongovernmental organizations,
national and international
scientists are coming
together to find ways of the
urban poor feeding
themselves safely and making
a living from urban food
production, said Lee-Smith.
Health and urban agriculture in Kampala, Uganda
Agriculture is an important
source of food and
livelihood support to the
urban poor. Recent research
by CIPs partnership program
Urban Harvest convinced
Kampala City Council to
change its bylaws restricting
agriculture in the cities.
In Kampala, the capital of
Uganda, as in other
developing country cities,
many urban poor and
unemployed people grow
crops and keep livestock as
a means of alleviating
poverty and hunger. About
half the land in Kampala is
farmed, and the majority of
farmers are women.
Food production and
processing form a large part
of the economy of the
urban informal sector and
have known nutritional
benefits. Yet the health
benefits may be undermined
by accompanying health
hazards. To identify the main
risks and benefits in urban
agriculture, Urban Harvest
made a study in Kampala,
Uganda from 2002 to 2005
that included farmers,
policymakers, researchers
and non-governmental
organizations.
Urban farming systems
carry higher risks and higher
benefits than surrounding
rural farms. Urban farmers
have always used the
nutrients found in waste
water and solid wastes.
These present an
opportunity for higher
agricultural productivity since
they contain plant nutrients.
The main health risks are
contamination of crops from
soils, water or air by
industrial and chemical
byproducts, contamination of
37
Producing high value, quality vegetables in Lima, Peru
To strengthen the
contribution of agriculture to
household food security,
income and well-being, Urban
Harvest is working with
farmers, local government and
other research and
development organizations in
the lower zone of the Rimac
river watershed in Peru to
assess positive and negative
impacts of crop and animal
production systems on human
and ecosystem health and
identify appropriate
technology and policy
interventions.
Based on previous
indications of contamination
of the Rimac river, one of
three sources of irrigation
water for Lima agriculture, the
project has undertaken an
evaluation of irrigation water
quality, to determine the
presence of heavy metals,
bacteria and parasites. While
heavy metals were not found
to be a major problem, the
water had high levels of
Escherichia coli bacteria and
parasites, mainly coming from
untreated domestic
wastewater released into the
river. The presence of these
contaminants on vegetables is
a potentially serious health
problem for consumers.
We looked for a simple
low-cost way to improve
water quality, said Urban
Harvest coordinator Gordon
Prain. We constructed a
small, 185 cubic meter water
reservoir to test the feasibility
of using aerobic and
anaerobic treatment
technologies to eliminate
bacteria and parasites.
Water enters the reservoir
and is left to stand for about
10 days, during which time
the bacteria are eliminated
through aerobic chemical
processes and parasites
removed through
sedimentation. Water from
the treatment process and
untreated river water were
compared as irrigation sources
for vegetables. The results
showed that the reservoir
cleared 98 percent of bacteria
and eliminated all parasites
from the river water. When

radish and lettuce where
tested for contaminants, those
planted in treated water had
up to 97 percent less bacteria
(well below permitted limits
Table 1) while the parasites
were practically absent in both
crops (Table 2).
The loss of productive
farmland occupied by the
reservoir results in a net loss of
about 500 Peruvian soles
(US$160) to the farmer.
However, irrigation with
reservoir water appears to have
had a beneficial effect both on
rate of emergence and growth
and on the uniformity of the
crop, with higher percentages
of marketable products
available sooner than with use
of river water (Table 3).
The use of small reservoirs
has multiple benefits, and can
be repeated in the area.
Working with local producers,
Urban Harvest is therefore in
the process of implementing
other reservoirs with the
capacity of irrigating up to 70
hectares with clean water.
Table 1. Bacteria evaluation CF/100ml
Water analysis
Radish
Lettuce
River water
Reservoir water
9000 CF/100ml
(430 - 4300) CF/100ml
(9.3 - 7500) CF/100ml
127CF/100ml
(0.40 - 2.30) CF/100ml
(0.90 - 210) CF/100ml
According to the General Water Law, a maximum level of bacteria in CF/100ml, for irrigation water at 1000CF/100ml
Table 2. Parasite evaluation parasites/100g
Water analysis
Radish
Lettuce
River water
Reservoir water
Present
101 parasites/100g
17 parasites/100g
Absent
8 parasites/100g
4 parasites/100g
Table 3. Economic comparison of crops irrigated with reservoir and river water
Radish
Radish production
Lettuce
Lettuce production
Both areas of cultivation 472.3 m
38
Reservoir water
River water
119.5 soles
199 bundles
598 soles
346 dozens
113
176
330
214
Significant difference, P<0.05
soles
bundles
soles
dozens
Least-developed countries
addressing the
special needs of
the least
developed
countries
(Target 13)
39
More food for a new country Timor-Leste
Test plots of new sweetpotato clones in Timor-Leste
In Timor-Leste, new CIP

sweetpotato clones are
producing five times greater
yield than the local material.
Three CIP clones produced
about 33, 26 and 19 tonnes/
ha in one particular field
trial, compared to the best
yield ever achieved with a
local variety, which was 6.9
tonnes/ha.
Recently independent
Timor-Leste is the newest
country in Southeast Asia but
one of the poorest in the
Asia-Pacific region. About 85
lives in rural areas, relying

on subsistence agriculture.
Improved varieties are an
important component in
enhancing agricultural
development. So the new
clones, CIP-1, CIP-6 and CIP7, are having a direct impact
on livelihoods, nutrition and
health. The Timor-Leste
government expects to
release CIP-1 and CIP-6 in
the second phase of the
project.
About 100 km long and
30 km wide, Timor-Leste has
1 million inhabitants and a
*Under the Seeds of Life project funded by the Australian Centre for
International Agricultural Research (ACIAR).
40
gross domestic product per

capita of about US$400.
During 20002005*, local
researchers with CIP staff
made field trials of 21
introduced high dry matter
clones of sweetpotato in
several sites with different
agricultural ecologies. Most
of the clones tested
performed exceptionally well
under local conditions
compared to local controls,
in terms of taste as well as
yield.
To accelerate distribution
of the new clones in TimorLeste, the Ministry of
Agriculture, Forestry and
Fishery has been multiplying
CIP-1 and CIP-6 and
distributing cutting to
farmers. By the end of the
first phase of the project,
10,000 cuttings had been
distributed to farmers in four
different districts. Several
non-governmental
organizations have been
incorporating the clones into
their programs. The second
phase of the project started
in June 2005 (to 2010)
funded by ACIAR and
AUSAID, the Australian
Agency for International
Development.
yet only 16 percent of the

households used fungicides.
Some of the research
activities that are having an
immediate impact include
putting less emphasis on the
seed source (or seed
replacement) and more on
good seed handling (storage
and pre-sprouting). Improved
fertility management is also
having an immediate effect,
and in the long term, the
introduction and
dissemination of new
varieties for late blight
management will show an
impact in 4-5 years.
CIP is working with the
Bhutan Potato Development
Program, and a range of
other partners in research,
extension and marketing, to
directly address the needs of
mountain farmers, to
develop strategies to
optimize production
management, to increase
yields and to help capitalize
on the opportunities for
exporting seed potato.
Aum Wangmo is not
aware of it yet, but her
production environment
provides excellent
opportunities to produce and
store healthy seed potato for
the Bhutanese and Indian
markets. Researchers are also
developing strategies for
pest management (especially
late blight) and appropriate
methods for informal and
formal seed production.
These include group
management, quality control,
providing quality seed and
opening market channels at
the same time as
introducing varieties of
potatoes for processing.
Together, these activities
will result in higher yields,
Potato growers in Bhutan
better sustainability and

better product prices, said
Roder. And will contribute
to improving and sustaining
the livelihoods of Aum
Wangmo and her fellow
potato growers.
Developing technologies to increase yields in Bhutan
Aum Wangmo is a typical

potato grower in a small
village at 3100 m above sea
level in central Bhutan.
Traditionally the farmers
were growing buckwheat in
fallow rotation systems in a
largely subsistence economy.
However, access to a new
road gave villagers the
opportunity to sell their
crops and so introduced a
cash economy to the area.
That trend, coupled with a
decrease in land holdings,
meant that traditional
production systems were no
longer viable.
Aum Wangmo has two
children, she needs to
produce enough food to eat
and to generate cash to buy
rice and send her oldest
daughter to school. With the
extreme geography she
faces several challenges. She
has no choice in what crops
to grow; potatoes are the
only option. She only owns
1.3 ha of land, which has a
slope gradient of up to
60 percent. Yields are low,
with an average of 1.5 t/ha
for buckwheat and 20 t/ha
for potato, yet she still has
to stay in the field every
night from planting to
harvest to protect the crop
from wild boar and bears.
Bhutan has a good
climate for potato
production, said CIPs
Walther Roder, who is based
in Bhutan. According to
statistics it has the lowest
yields in the region.
Parameters affecting yield
include weed coverage, late
blight, soil moisture,
competition, lack of rotation
and weed fertility. Late
blight for many situations is
the greatest limiting factor,
41
Rebuilding agriculture in Afghanistan
Afghan farmers inspecting crops in

the field
CIP has been working with

the International Center for
Agricultural Research in the
Dry Areas (ICARDA) on
healthy potato seed
production, multiplication
and marketing. The highyielding improved varieties
Kufri Chandramukhi and
Desiree were introduced for
potato production in
Afghanistan in 2002. The
end result is an increase in
livelihoods and earnings
potential for the local
farmers by enhanced
productivity and quality, said
CIPs Muhammad Arif, who
is coordinating CIPs
participation in the work.
42
Potato yield has

increased by 30 percent in
five provinces in Afghanistan
as a result of CIP activities to
increase seed supply to local
farmers and provide rapid
access to quality seed of
profitable potato varieties.
Potato cultivation has also
been introduced into
Helmand, Kunduz and Takhar
provinces as a viable
alternative livelihood to
growing illicit crops such as
the poppy.
Technical assistance on
seed production, multiplication
and maintenance has
allowed farmers to produce
and distribute over 3000
tonnes of quality seed in the
plains and mid-elevations
from 2004 to 2005. In 2005,
2300 tonnes of clean seed
potato were produced from
Ghazni, Parwan and
Nangarhar provinces. The
project has also developed
seed-marketing channels in
different zones and provinces
of Afghanistan, increasing
the farmers potential to
earn money from sales.
Further seed potato
production areas have been
identified in Miadan Wardak,
Ghazni and Parwan (high
altitude), and Nangarhar
(low altitude for autumn
and high altitude for spring
seed potato crops).
We are looking to see if
we can produce clean seed
potato in Helmand and
Kundes during the autumn
season that would serve as
an alternative to illicit crops,
said Arif.
Thirty five low cost
country stores were built in
Afghan provinces providing
an economical and improved
way of seed potato storage.
Each store is 6x5x4 m with a
capacity of 20 tonnes each.

CIP/ICARDA established a
tissue culture laboratory and a
screen house facility at Badam
Bagh, Kabul, for basic seed
production. The cost of this
establishment was met from
three project grants from USAID.
As well as directly
increasing yields and incomes,
the project has focused on
building national capacity by
training farmers, Ministry of
Agriculture staff and nongovernmental organizations on
best practices, integrated crop
and disease management,
tissue culture and potato
marketing. This is the best
way to sustain the impact of
the project.
Over 1000 small-scale
farmers and 100 extension
workers were formally trained
on clean seed production and
marketing from Ghazni,
Helmand, Kunduz, Nangarhar
and Parwan provinces to boost
potato as a profitable cash and
food crop in Afghanistan.
Additionally, 2824 farmers
have been trained on
improved technologies
through 30 field days.
Over 20,000 farmers,
extension workers, village
elders and staff of other
agencies have directly
benefited from project
activities, and three radio
programs on potato
production and marketing,
produced with ICARDAs
Communications Unit in
Afghanistan, were broadcast
by more than 50 local radio
stations and reached over an
estimated 15 million listeners.
In addition to this, during
2004-05, a total of 25 formal
training workshops were
conducted and received wide
media coverage throughout
the country.
New technologies
in cooperation with
the private sector,
to making available
the benefits of new
technologies,
especially
information and
communications
technologies
(Target 18)
43
Complex agricultural knowledge and information systems in Peru

44
Farmers from the Potato Park near

Cuzco, Peru sorting potatoes by
size, shape and colour
In a single district in
northern Peru, 13 different
groups and organizations are
working on potato-related
issues. In other sites in the
country, even more players
are involved. CIP researchers
are working to understand
these complex systems and
what stakeholders are actually
doing in the potato
production chain, particularly
how they interact among
each other, to identify the
most effective points to
deliver research products.
We need to know what
individuals and organizations
know about potato manage-
ment and how they exchange information about the

potato crop, said CIPs Oscar
Ortiz. Then we can look at
how new potato technologies
and methods can be scaled
up and distributed with the
greatest impact, in other
words how CIP can be an
efficient component of the
innovation system.
What is known as the
agricultural knowledge and
information system, AKIS, or
innovation system, is a highly
complex set of research and
technology transfer organizations, as well as service providers and private institutions.
Coordinating the AKIS in developing countries to operate
more efficiently is a major
bottleneck in agricultural
technology systems.
As part of a project
funded by the International
Fund for Agricultural
Development that is looking
at how methodologies
related to the potato crop
can be scaled-up and out,
CIP started activities in Peru,
Bolivia, Uganda and Ethiopia
to understand the AKIS of
the potato. Some countries
have more complex systems
than others. The challenge is
to understand this complexity
to help farmers access, and
use, scientific results for
improving their livelihoods.
CIP organized a series of
very participatory workshops
that allowed people involved,
from farmers to government
officials, to analyze their role
in the network or AKIS in
which they participated.
Close networking among
organizations and individuals
can meet the needs of the
target community and make
practical resource sharing
possible. However, even a
very small community may

lack the social organization
necessary for their residents
to recognize similar goals and
possibilities for networking or
sharing assets, cautioned Ortiz,
So it is not only the availability
of a technology but the
existence of suitable interorganizational links that can
make a difference.
Using Peru as an example,
institutions include nongovernmental organizations,
universities, government
agencies, farmers organizations
and private institutions. All of
them have different activities
and provide different types of
information to farmers, but also
demand useful information.
Most work directly with farmers
without interacting with other
institutions, which weakens the
AKIS. There are differences in
flows of information among
actors in the different regions.
Family knowledge is still the
most important in isolated
communities, but
governmental, and particularly
non-governmental institutions
operate as major information
providers.
To achieve the greatest
impact, participatory methods
require replication or scalingout to reach sufficient numbers
to improve farmer livelihoods
in a sustainable way. CIP is
working to build up innovative
partnerships, such as with nongovernmental organizations
like CARE-Peru, that contribute
to delivering technologies to
farmers, and at the same
time contribute to strengthen
human capital of the
organizations. One of the
main ways to transmit
knowledge to farmers is
through people who are in
frequent contact with them,
concludes Ortiz.
impact of this collaboration

was recognized when in
2005, the Tikapapa initiative
won the Peruvian Business
Creativity Award 2005 in the
Food category. This is the
most prestigious award
conferred in the Peruvian
business circle. To grant this
award the jury took into
consideration the fact that
Tikapapa presents the
varieties of native Peruvian
potatoes in a selected,
hygienic, packed
presentation and with a
brand. In addition, Tikapapa
revaluates the biodiversity
of this culinary heritage,
taking advantage of the
versatility of these potatoes
and generating sustainable
businesses for small
producers from the Andean
highlands.
Papa Andina facilitates
such participative activities to
encourage the
competitiveness of potato
producers from the Andean
highlands of Bolivia, Ecuador
and Peru, taking advantage
of potato biodiversity and its
specific culinary and colorful
characteristics for generating
new sustainable business
alternatives. At both the
national and regional level,
Papa Andina works to
achieve constructive
interaction among
researchers, extension
workers and private market
agents. This expansion of
interactions beyond the
research community has
been a major achievement.
Innovation in the Andes
During the year, small-scale

farmers linked to Papa
Andina activities in Bolivia,
Ecuador and Peru managed
to access more demanding
markets with quality
products. This is an example
of the innovative approaches
that Papa Andina, a
partnership programme of
CIP, INCOPA* - a Papa
Andina project developing
market chains, and their
partners are taking in the
work to reduce poverty and
empower small producers. By
facilitating access to
information, Papa Andina is
raising the farmers power of
negotiation and developing
entrepreneurships, all of
which increase incomes. The
value of these approaches is
reflected in the number of
new potato-based products
that have been developed to
date, the benefits that have
accrued to poor farmers, and
the trust and social relations
that have been developed
over time as work has
progressed in Bolivia, Ecuador
and Peru.
INCOPA has brought
many innovative products to
the market, including Jalca
chips, which are potato
chips made from highly
coloured Andean potato
varieties, and Tikapapa, a
specially packed native
variety of potato that is
supplied by small producers
from the highlands and sold
in two major supermarket
chains in Peru.
INCOPA worked in a
strategic alliance with private
and public partners to bring
Tikapapa to the market. The
Tikapapa potatoes on sale in a Peruvian supermarket
* Technological Innovation and Competitiveness of Potatoes in Peru, a project

funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)
45
Indigenous biosystematics of potato landraces in Peru

46
Andean farmers have a deep

understanding of potato diversity
Farmers in the Peruvian

Andes have their own
unique system of folk
taxonomy to recognize and
classify potatoes. This
knowledge shows a deep
understanding of the
biodiversity of the individual
species and landraces. CIP
staff are working to
understand and classify this
indigenous knowledge using
a technology they have
called indigenous
biosystematics.
We did an exercise with
68 farm families in eight
communities in Huancavelica
using a fixed sample of
cultivated, semi-domesticated
and wild potatoes, said
CIPs Stef de Haan, who is
supervising the work. Then
we compared the resulting
scheme of folk taxonomy
with other systems of
ethnobiological and formal
classification. We were
surprised at the results.
Farmers used a total of
22 characteristics for
aboveground parts to
identify specific potato
landraces. However, the
farmers only used about
eight descriptors to positively
identify a specific landrace,
without seeing the tubers,
71 percent of the time. Men
and women scored the
same, but older farmers
identified more samples
correctly.
Informants use a rich
system of nomenclature to
name specific landraces.
Names generally consist of a
noun and a qualifying
adjective. Primary nouns
usually refer to tuber shape
(44 percent) while secondary
qualifying adjectives refer to
tuber color (74 percent). A
rich Quechua vocabulary for
direct and indirect
(metaphorical)
characterization of tuber
morphology (shape/color) is
the basis for naming specific
landraces (Table 1).
The folk taxonomy of
native potatoes in
Huancavelica recognizes at
least five ranks and multiple
taxa. At the generic level
farmers recognize three taxa:
papa tarpuy, araq papa and
atoq papa. Papa tarpuy
(sowing potatoes) are those
managed and grown by
farmers, and consist of at
least five formally
recognized species. Araq
papa is a group of semidomesticated potatoes that
grow in the wild, yet are
collected and eaten. Atoq
papa are wild potato species
that are not consumed.
Cultivated potato cultivargroups are mostly
differentiated by tuber
shape. Specific landraces are
recognized within each
cultivar group.
Indigenous
biosystematics help us to
understand how farmers
themselves perceive and
classify diversity, said Stef
de Haan. A basic
understanding of its
principles is essential for in
situ conservation and related
interventions.
Table 1. Quechua vocabulary for naming specific landraces
Primary Word
Direct Reference
(tuber morphology)
Indirect Reference
(tuber morphology)
Secondary Word
Direct Reference
(tuber color)
Indirect Reference
(tuber color)
Term
Meaning
Suyto
ahui
Uman
Maquin
Long
Eyes
Like a Head
Like a Claw
Yana
Yuraq
Muru
Acero
Lasta
Cheqche
Black
White
Two colored
Like steel
Like snow
Sparkled (two colored)
rice. The doubletransplanting method

allowed the potato crop to
grow to full maturity leading
to optimum yield without
sacrificing the boro rice
yield. It also reduced the
need for pesticides and
irrigation, but increased
fertilizer use. The overall
cost of production of boro
rice using doubletransplanting technology was
increased by US$ 15/ha
compared to the traditional
system. The cost of potato
production was similar in
both systems. However,
using double-transplanting
technology in the ricepotato-rice system and
efficient management of
natural resources increased
the income of poor farmers
by 17 percent.
The double-transplanting
technology increases
incomes, reduces hunger,
enhances employment
opportunities, lowers health
hazards by decreased use of
pesticides and reduces risk
factors such as hail storms,
unusual rains and high
temperatures, said CIPs
Mohinder Kadian.
Above, the potato harvest; below,

rice and potato growing together in
West Bengal, India
Double transplanting worth the effort in India and Bangladesh
Farmers in the IndoGangetic Plains of India and

Bangladesh have increased
some of their boro rice
yields after planting potatoes
by almost 40 percent using
an innovative doubletransplanting technology. On
these plains, rice is a staple
food and potato an
important cash crop for
farmers. The main cropping
system is kharif (wet season)
rice-potato-boro (summer)
rice. However, to plant boro
rice at the best time, the
potato crop has to be
harvested early, reducing
yield. When the potato is
harvested at full maturity,
this delays planting of the
next rice crop, which also
reduces the yield.
CIP, in partnership with
the Department of
Agriculture, West Bengal,
India, organized on-farm
trials of double transplanting
of boro rice at three
locations in West Bengal.
Rice seedlings are grown in
nurseries while the potato
crop is growing, then
transplanted to small plots
after 45 days. They are then
transplanted again into the
vacant fields after the potato
harvest. Although this
involves extra work, the
system allows the potato
crop to mature without
sacrificing rice yield, agreed
Dr. S. K. Bardhanroy, national
agricultural research system
collaborator.
The grain yield of boro
rice, planted using double
transplanting after the potato
harvest was enhanced by
39 percent and 11 percent
compared to traditional
systems of kharif rice-potatoboro rice and kharif rice-boro
47
Using schools to transfer technology in Kenya
Local children singing at the

launch of the sweetpotato
varieties
Schools are the focal point

of many rural and urban
communities. As well as
educating future generations
they bring together families
within the community to
discuss a wide range of
issues. CIP is exploring ways
to use schools to introduce
new varieties with superior
nutritional traits and
dissemination them on a wide
scale in a cost-effective way.
Kwale is a district in the
coastal province of Kenya
with ideal conditions for
testing such an approach.
Malnutrition is endemic,
vitamin A deficiency is very
48
serious and a number of

charities and nongovernmental organizations
have set-up eye clinics, said
CIPs Michael Potts, who is
based in Uganda. Over 70
lives below the poverty line.
Soils are poor and rainfall
unreliable. Grain crops fail
frequently and food aid is
required annually. Trials by
the University of Nairobi and
supported by CIP at the
Kenya Agricultural Research
Institute at Mtwapaidentified
cultivars of orange-fleshed
sweetpotatoes (OFSP)
capable of high yields in the
harsh conditions. On-farm
evaluations done with
womens groups in Kwale
district confirmed these
findings. Group evaluations of
their culinary qualities at
harvest showed adults and
children readily accepting
them.
Looking for a good way
to publicize the work, we
held discussions with the
Provincial and District
Departments of Education,
Health and Agriculture (and
Home Economics
extensionists) to coordinate a
launch throughout the
district, said Rose Njeru, a
professor at the University of
Nairobi working on the
project. A one-day workshop
was held to sensitize and
involve Department directors
from all seven districts in the
province. Themes included
the current agricultural and
nutritional situation in the
province, the value of OFSP
and the potential of schools
for technology dissemination.
The following day a
launch was held at Lukore
Primary School attended by
teachers from 90 of the
Districts 270 primary schools,

local dignitaries and
community members. First
came presentations about the
crops, nutrition information and
the role that crops such as
OFSP could play in ensuring a
healthy diet, demonstrations of
cultivationtechniques and food
preparation. Then the pupils
presented plays, poems and
songs. We also distributed
leaflets, hats, T-shirts, posters
and calendars at both
meetings, noted Michael
Potts. At the end each
dignitary was given 200 vines
to take back to their
community for planting. Each
school was also given 100
vines of two cultivars to
multiply with the assistance of
the extension services for
distribution in the community,
said CIPs Sammy Agili.
Farmers took the remaining
vines, about 540,000 in total.
Competitions were held to
maintain subsequent interest.
Sixty schools grew crops and
entered one competition.
Prizes included a trip to the
coast province agricultural
show, as well as highly valued
netball hoops and balls,
volleyball nets and balls and
footballs. Womens groups also
competed to create new
recipes with the orange
varieties that were suitable for
school dinners. The group that
produced the most and best
quality vines in the early
stages were awarded a
community phone. They set it
up in the village centre, said
Potts. Previously there was no
phone or cell phone
connection. Not only did it
provide a source of income for
these poor women, it allowed
them and other villagers to
link to traders and, we hope,
to get better prices.
CIP Outcomes and Impact
These four short

accounts were stories
submitted to the
CGIAR Science Council
as part of the
Councils 2005 analysis
of CIPs outcomes and
impact. Each story
directly illustrates
work that was
specified in CIPs 2005
Medium Term Plan
49
DIVA-GIS: A geographical information system

for the analysis of biodiversity data
DIVA-GIS is a unique, free geographic information system that visualizes and analyzes data
sets from genebanks with emphasis on plant genetic resources and biodiversity.
In 2003 DIVA-GIS was put under an open source license and made available through a
public open-source site in addition to CIPs web site thus enabling the direct re-use of CIP
technology. Since 2005 CIP has been upgrading DIVA-GIS technologically and functionally,
using cutting-edge technology and collaboration with partners from CGIAR (IRRI, Challenge
Program Generation) and the private industry (Refractions.net). Versions 1 to 3 (2003) were
developed in close collaboration with SGRP/IPGRI and versions 5 to 6 (2006) in close
collaboration with IRRI under the Challenge Program Generation.
This tool relates to the MTP 2005 identified output (ii) Morphological, genetic and ecogeographic patterns of diversity analyzed and integrated with characterization data,
documented and made available along with the germplasm.
Over the years DIVA-GIS has been used not only by CIP staff but also by other partners
and collaborators e.g. from CIAT, ICRISAT, IPGRI, and Peruvian scientists, as evidenced by the
scientific publications its use has generated.
Major applications are related to georeferencing of accessions, data quality control of
georeferences, analysis of plant species diversity and richness, prediction of specimen
presence for collection and conservation purposes and trait analysis in a geographic context
as well as simply plotting accessions.
The program is used by scientists throughout the developed and developing countries. It
has been used in national and international training events as evidenced by publications in
the literature using the system in the Americas, Africa and Asia.
Sua, S., Mateus, R.D. y Vargas, J.C. (2004): Georeferenciacion de registros biolgicos y
gacetero digital de localidades. Instituto de Investigacin de Recursos Biolgicos Alexander
von Humboldt. Bogota, Colombia.
Jarvis, A. et al. (2003): Biogeography of wild Arachis: assessing conservation status and
setting future priorities. Crop Science, 43(3): 1100-1108.
Hijmans, R. et al. (2003): Frost tolerance in potato species: Assessing the predictivity of
taxonomic, geographic, and ecological factors. Euphytica 130: 47-59.
http://mcknight.ccrp.cornell.edu/ccrpE/projects/spk/kenya_sweetpotato.html
http://www.fao.org/world/regional/rap/meetings/2005/Aug29/Aug29.htm
50
Promotion of sustainable sweetpotato

production and post-harvest management
through farmer field schools in East Africa
CIP, in collaboration with the UKs Natural Resources Institute, have developed holistic
sweetpotato production and post-harvest management Farmer Field Schools (FFS), to increase
returns from sweetpotato enterprise by East African smallholders.
The work is related to CIPs activities on participatory, integrative and methodological
research conducted in Sub Saharan Africa to adapt the FFS approach to sweetpotato-related
problems. The output was first identified in the 2003-2006 MTP stated as SP ICM FFS
manual developed and field-tested in E. Africa.
Over 1,400 farmers in western Kenya, northeastern Uganda and northwest Tanzania have
adopted sweetpotato ICM, processing and marketing practices, increasing not only their food
and nutritional security but also their incomes through sale of planting materials, pastries and
juice, fresh roots and dried chips. Governmental and non-governmental agricultural
organizations are also using the approach.
In 2005, a manual for sweetpotato IPPM farmer field schools in Sub Saharan Africa was
produced and 1100 copies of the manual distributed to individuals in more than 21
countries. The approach has stimulated demand from stakeholders including farmers groups,
local government officials, extension staff and NGOs. Organizations implementing linked
activities include: the Ugandan National Agricultural Advisory Service Programmes; NARO/
DFID Client-Oriented Agricultural Research and Dissemination Project; World Vision; Africa
Now; the McKnight Foundation; GTZ/CIP Mass Dissemination of Planting Materials project in
Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and Sudan; the Kenya National Agricultural and Livestock Extension
Programme; and the Tanzanian Society of Agricultural Extension and Education.
Stathers, T., Namanda, S., Mwanga, R.O., Khisa, G. and Kapinga, R. (2005) Manual for
Sweetpotato Integrated Production and Pest Management Farmer Field Schools in SubSaharan Africa. CIP, Kampala, Uganda. pp 168 +xxxi. ISBN 9970-895-01-X.
Sweetmore, A. and Kimmins, F., eds. (2006) Promotion of sustainable sweetpotato
production and post-harvest management through farmer field schools in East Africa. In:
Perspectives on Pests II: Achievements of research under UK Department for International
Development CPP 2000-2005, pp. 26-27. Natural Resources International Ltd, Aylesford, UK.
ISBN: 0-9546452-7-8.
51
Use of integrated weevil management in

Andean farmer communities
With the support of the McKnight Foundation, we have researched, developed and applied
over the last four years an integrated management approach for the Andean weevil that has
drastically reduced weevil damage.
The output of the December 2003-2005 MTP Root and tuber crop biodiversity,
representing a range of wild and cultivated species, conserved and made accessible for
distribution using up to date technologies and collaborative linkages contained the
following: Milestone 2: 2002: Collaboration on on-farm potato conservation with NARS and
farmer communities carried out.
Today, CIPs integrated management of the Andean weevil complex is used by farmers
in more than 30 communities located near or around the experimental site; and hundreds of
farmers, agronomists, technicians, school and university teachers of government, private
sector, and NGOs in the Cusco and Apurimac Departments of Peru.
The most dangerous pest of the starchy Andean tuber oca (Oxalis tuberosa) is the weevil.
In Peru the weevil can severely damage up to 98% of harvested tubers. Other weevils, just
as damaging, are present in Andean potato (Solanum spp.) and ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus);
thus, a complex of Andean weevils threatens cultivation of these three staples. The approach
combines ancestral indigenous knowledge and modern scientific research. Use of repellent
plants, ashes, and early harvest were combined with the utilization of a parasitic fungus, use
of weevil-free sprouts for planting, and weevil collection from the field. Together, these
methods have reduced the occurrence of the weevils and their damage, as well as reducing
the need for pesticides and insecticides, with a concomitant benefit to the health of the
local farmers and their families.
The research has been extremely popular, with demand to disseminate the results in
Peru through farmers and childrens schools, farmers workshops, seminars, and broadcast
through a local radio program to Andean farmers using the native language Quechua and
Spanish.
Reference: Progress Reports, and Newsletters. Collaborative Crop Research Program,
The McKnight Foundation:
http://www.mcknight.org/about news_detail.aspx?itemID=179&catID=53&typeID=2
52
Product prototypes from native potato

biodiversity in the Andes adding value to
farmers assets
CIP, its Papa Andina partnership program, non-governmental organizations and various
agencies and communities in Peru and Bolivia have developed innovative uses for native
potato varieties that are creating new markets and increasing income for Andean subsistence
farmers.
Development of a prototype product to demonstrate and explore added-value potential of
non-commercial native Andean potato cultivars was first listed in CIPs 2002-2004 MTP as a
milestone under Project 6A Post Harvest Quality, Nutrition and Market Impact of Roots and
Tubers.
Farmers, entrepreneurs, NGOs and state agencies have worked together to facilitate the
access of poor Andean farming communities to new market opportunities. Tourists and
supermarket shoppers in Peru are buying the products of this initiative, with the profits
benefiting rural communities.
CIP researchers and farmer conservationists in Peru discovered outstanding innate
properties for use in modern processing in a group of about 35 potato cultivars with unusual
shapes and yellow, red and purple patterned flesh. They were perfect for development as
gourmet and novelty snack foods, including potato chips with less oil than better-known
commercial types. A prototype product of 8 families of colored potato chip cultivars was
developed.
Colored chips (UK = crisps) branded as Jalca Chips are being sold duty free in Lima
Airport. The farmers identified further varieties suitable for chips and for marketing as washed
and bagged high culinary quality potatoes with excellent flavor, under the brand name
Tikapapa. Local farmers are also earning increased income by growing and selling clean
seed of selected varieties.
Similar colored chips and potato products are being produced in Bolivia, where the
prototype from Peru has renewed interest in the biodiversity of potatoes and Andean culture.
The Papa Andina initiative through its INCOPA project linking small Andean farmers to the
supermarket chains in Peru won the Peruvian Entrepreneurial Creativity Award in 2005 in the
Food category.
Bernet, T. and Amoros, W. 2004. Marketing Biodiversity. LEISA Magazine Vol.20, Issue 3,18-19.
Anon. 2005. La Papa Palpita. Carretas Vol 1887, 58-60.
53
Performance measurement indicators

This text is drawn from an account of performance measurement indicators submitted to the
CGIAR Science Council to allow a rating of the overall impact assessment performance of CIP
Ex-post Impact Studies in Progress or Completed in 2005

Campilan, D. (2005) An impact evaluation was conducted in 200 randomly selected potatogrowing households to determine field-level outcomes of Farmer Field School (FFS) potatointegrated disease management in Nepal. Participation in FFSs led to an increase in the
production and use of quality seed and generation of marketable surplus, facilitated by the
availability of cold stores, adopting separate seed plot growing practices and increased
awareness. Efficient use of farm inputs, better management practices, etc. has significantly
increased the gross and net returns to land and labor.
Basilio, C.S., Rizalina, M. T., Fe, P. and Lolit, M. D. (2005) Assessing Impacts of PathogenTested Sweetpotato Planting Materials in Central Luzon, Philippines. Paper presented at the
Impact Assessment Workshop, CIMMYT, Mexico City, Mexico, 19-21 October 2005. Data from
117 farmers in 19 villages showed the positive contributions of participatory farmer learning
and inter-agency partnerships in effectively introducing innovations for farmers to manage a
sweetpotato virus disease.
Lpez, G., Oros, R. and Arandia, S. (2005) Study of the impact of the Participatory Market
Chain Approach (PMCA) on the farmers of Candelaria, Cochabamba, Innova Project Report.
The use of PMCA opened new marketing channels, increased planting of native potatoes
amongst participating farmers by a factor of 10, farm gate prices improved by a factor of 3,
with a secure market for the native potatoes.
Other impact studies performed in 2005
Peters, D., Nguyen, T.T., Mai, T.H., Nguyen, T.Y., Pham, N.T. and Fuglie, K.O.
(2005) Rural Income Generation through Improving Crop-based Pig Production Systems in
Vietnam: Diagnostics, Interventions and Dissemination. Agriculture and Human
Values, 22 (1): 73-85.
Xie, J. and Fuglie, K.O. (2005) Development of Sweetpotato Processing Industry and its
Impact in Sichuan, China. Paper presented at: UPWARD Meeting on Participation and Change:
Enhancing Research for Impact, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Fuglie, K.O., Campilan D. and Nguyen T.T. (2005) Impact of innovations in small-holder
sweetpotato-pig systems in Vietnam. Paper presented at: UPWARD Meeting on Participation
and Change: Enhancing Research for Impact, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Fuglie, K.O. (2005) Economic and Poverty Impacts of CIP-Related Technologies in Asia: A
Progress Report. The Sichuan International Symposium on Potato Development, Chuangan
City, Sichuan, Peoples Republic of China.
Fuglie, K.O. (2005) Development, adoption and economic impact of improved varieties of
sweetpotato in Asia. Invited paper presented at: 2nd International Symposium on Sweetpotato
& Cassava (2ISSC), Innovate Technologies for Commercialization, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
54
Innovation and Advancement of epIA Methods and Processes

Bucher, O. (2005). PMCA - Evaluating a New Participatory Method Used to Innovate Market
Chains in the Peruvian Potato Sector. Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Report.
ETH Zrich. Innovation theory and literature on the development of trust was used to design
a qualitative interview with a diverse sample of participants in the PMCA cycle. PMCA is
stimulating innovation and knowledge, contacts and trust between participants had grown.
There were marked differences between active and passive participants.
Jimenez, J. 2005. Economic Evaluation of the Impact of the I-Fripapa-99 Variety in the
Ecuadorian Sierra during 1992-2004. Universidad Central del Ecuador. In 2004 Fripapa, a CIP
potato variety, was being sown on 6% of the area cropped to potato in Ecuador. Initially
favoured by larger farmers in the north of the country it is now being widely adopted by
smaller farmers in the center. The internal rate of return to the research and extension
investment is estimated at 26%.
Other studies:
Andrade-Piedra, J. L., Forbes, G. A., Shtienberg, D., Grunwald, N.J., Taipe, M. V.,
Hijmans, R. J. and Fry, W. E. (2005) Computer simulation of potato late blight: performance
of the LATEBLIGHT model across a broad range of environments. Phytopathology, 95: 14121422.
Communication/dissemination and capacity enhancement

External workshops to disseminate impact
UPWARD Meeting on Participation and Change: Enhancing Research for Impact, Hanoi,
Vietnam, January 2005. The Meeting reviewed field experiences through 11 project
evaluations, and derived lessons for enhancing the contribution of participatory approaches
to research and development impact.
CIP organized an exhibition during 2005 National Potato Day celebrations, to demonstrate
the market chain approach that Papa Andinas INCOPA project is taking. National experts,
journalists and CIP stakeholders attended.
CIP organized a display of the impact of activities in all of its regional offices for its
annual Ambassadors Day, held in September 2005. Over 30 Ambassadors and other
diplomatic representatives attended.
Media mentions as a result of communicating impact findings
40
10
10
10
posters produced for Ambassadors Day.

brochures and posters produced for Peru Potato Day.
press releases produced, over 50 articles published in media throughout the world.
local radio and 3 international TV features.
55
Impact assessment capacity strengthening activities for partners during 2005

Horizontal Evaluation Workshop: Using multistakeholder platforms to link farmers with
markets. April 2005, Riobamba, Ecuador. 35 participants from Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador used
the horizontal evaluation method to learn about multistakeholder platforms. The evaluation
criteria used included the relevance of platforms for linking with markets, effects on farmer
empowerment and gender equity, provision of services for market development and
prospects for sustainability.
Impact culture (internal feedback and learning for user relevance)
Internal workshops run by CIP impact analysis specialists during 2005
Series of interviews with CIP staff to assess internal needs and opportunities (30 participants).
Impact of farmer field schools information session at CIP Annual Meeting (50 participants).
Workshop to Review the Approaches Developed by Papa Andina: Participatory Market Chain
Approach and Multi-Stakeholder Platforms, Papa Andina (25 participants from Bolivia, Peru and
Ecuador).
Two examples of evaluation of user relevance of center research outputs
CIP. 2005. 3rd Workshop on Participatory Market Chain Approach (PMCA) in Uganda.
December 2005, Mukono, Uganda. CIP, Lima, Peru
During 2005, CIP shared its experiences of the Participatory Market Chain Approach
(PMCA). More than 20 staff from Ugandan R&D organizations were introduced to the
method and its first applications in the Andes. Participants concluded that PMCAs strengths
outweigh its weaknesses as a method to promote pro-poor innovations in Uganda and that it
will be important to draw in additional key actors in the PMCA process and strengthen
business, marketing and communication skills of the members of the Commodity Groups.
Horizontal Evaluation: Stimulating Social Learning Among Peers
CIPs Partnership Program Papa Andina and partners have developed a new method for
evaluations with partners that promotes learning called horizontal evaluation. During 2005 we
developed and applied this method for use within an Andean regional program. Horizontal
evaluation brings together local participants who are developing a new research-anddevelopment methodology and a group of peers who are interested in the experience. The
workshop elicits and compares the perceptions of the two groups concerning the strengths
and weaknesses of the methodology under development.
Specific examples of how ex-post impact assessment findings are used for CIP
priority setting
During 2005, CIP staff conducted two international surveys of its major stakeholders to
examine the impact that its work has had and to elicit information to establish priorities for
the development of its new strategy. These studies are in draft form, as follows:
Priorities for Sweetpotato Research in Developing Countries; Priorities for Potato Research in
Developing Countries.
56
Letter from the Chair

57
Letter from the Chair of the Board of Trustees

I am pleased to report on another successful year at the International Potato Center (CIP). On
30 April Dr. Hubert Zandstra retired as Director General after 14 years at the helm. We are
greatly indebted to Dr. Zandstra for all the insight and wisdom he brought to CIP and to
steering us through changing times. Dr. Zandstra was only the second Director General; his
predecessor was Dr. Richard Sawyer, who was appointed when CIP was established in 1971.
On 1 May we welcomed our new Director General, Dr. Pamela K. Anderson. This was a
smooth transition as she was our Deputy Director General - Research and I am very happy to
report how well she is establishing herself in her new role. Our head person in Africa, Dr.
Charles Crissman was appointed as the new Deputy Director General - Research and Mr. Carlos
Alonso as Board Secretary and Director of Finance and Administration. Again, we are pleased
with these appointments.
During the year the Science Council determined the research priorities for the CGIAR and
these were endorsed by the Members at the CGIAR 2005 Annual General Meeting in Morocco.
CIPs research vision fits in with these priorities and we have aligned our Medium Term Plans
with these priorities, thus giving our research staff the stability they need to undertake their
work. The CGIAR has reviewed both the program of work and the organizational structure in
Sub-Saharan Africa and made recommendations that help us align with existing and new
partners to help us increase the impact of our work. We have appointed Dr. Jan Low, who is
well experienced in working with resource poor African farmers, to lead our work in Africa.
During the year Dr. Eija Pehu retired from the Board of Trustees after 6 years. Dr. Pehu
chaired our Program Committee for 5 years and has been a great supporter of CIP. I express
my thanks to Dr. Pehu and my Board and all the staff at CIP for making this another successful
year for the International Potato Center.
This annual report will give you an insight into the high quality of work that takes place at
CIP and demonstrates that we make real outputs and outcomes that improve the lives of
many of the poorest people in the world. I hope you will enjoy reading this annual report.
Jim Godfrey
Chair
58
58
Board of trustees
1. Mr. James Godfrey (Chair)

United Kingdom
2. Dr. Alexander Boronin
Institute of Biochemistry and
Physiology of Microorganisms,
Russian Academy of Sciences
Russia
Africa
South Africa
7. Dr. Keiji Ohga
College of Bioresource
Sciences, Nihon University
Japan
3. Dr. Ruth Egger

Intercooperation
Switzerland
8. Dr. Orlando Olcese

Universidad Nacional Agraria
La Molina
Peru
4. Dr. Song Jian

Chinese Academy of Engineering
China
9. Dr. Victor Palma

INCAGRO
Peru
5. Dr. Kang-kwun Kim

College of Natural Science,
Konkuk University
Republic of Korea
6. Dr. Pauline Kuzwayo
Medical University of Southern
Public Affairs
U.S.A.
12. Dr. Madhura Swaminathan
Indian Statistical Institute
India
13. Dr. Hubert Zandstra (January-April)
Peru
14. Dr. Pamela K. Anderson (April to date)
Peru
9
11
10 14
13
2
12
3 8
10. Dr. Eija Pehu (1999-2005)

World Bank
U.S.A.
11. Dr. G. Edward Schuh
Hubert Humphrey Institute of
59
Report on center governance
CIP is committed to business

integrity, high ethical values and
professionalism in all of its
activities. As an essential part of
this commitment, the Board
supports the highest standards in
corporate governance. CIP
complies with the principal
intentions and provisions of best
practice in corporate governance.
Board
The Boards role is to determine
the strategy and policies of the
Center, to set the guidelines within
which the Center is managed and
to review its performance. It is also
responsible for ensuring that
financial controls and systems of
risk management are robust. There
is a schedule of matters reserved
for the Board which is reviewed
annually; this ensures that the
Trustees maintain full and effective
decision-making control over all
significant financial, organizational
and compliance issues.
Trustees
CIPs Board of Trustees is made up
of 12 non-executive Trustees and
the Director General. The Board
considers all non-executive
Trustees to be independent of the
Center in character and judgement
in all matters and that there are no
relationships or circumstances that
are likely to affect, or could appear
to affect, the judgement of the
non-executive Trustees. Nonexecutive Trustees are appointed
for a 3-year term; subsequent reappointment is only approved after
an appraisal process.
Chair and Director General
The roles of the Chair and the
Director General are distinct and
held by different people. The Chair
is responsible for leading the Board
and ensuring that it acts effectively.
The Director General is responsible
for managing the Centers business
in line with the strategies and
policies agreed by the Board.
Board Appraisal
The Board has implemented a 3year review cycle of the
performance of non-executive
Trustees. The Board meets once a
year without the Chair present to
appraise the Chairs performance.
The Board meets once a year
without the Director General
present to appraise the Director
Generals performance.
60
Board Induction and Ongoing

Training
The Board has introduced a formal
induction program for Trustees
that provides information about
Trustees duties, corporate
governance, Board Committees
and details of the Centers
structure and strategy. In addition,
all Trustees are encouraged to
attend the Alliance Board
orientation program.
Executive Committee
The Centers Executive Committee
is chaired by Mr. Godfrey. Its other
members are Dr. Kim, Dr. Pehu (to
18 March), Dr. Swaminathan (from
18 March) Dr. Zandstra (to 30 April)
and Dr. Anderson (from 1 May). Its
responsibility is to act on behalf of
the Board between full meetings
of the Board, to act as the Finance
Committee of the Board and to act
as the Remuneration Committee of
the Board.
Nomination Committee
The Nomination Committee is
chaired by Dr. Kim. The two other
members are Mr. Godfrey and Dr.
Egger. The Committee is
responsible for proposing
candidates for appointment to the
Board, having regard to its balance
and structure. In appropriate cases,
recruitment consultants may be
used to assist the process. All
trustees are subject to re-election
at least every 3 years.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee is chaired by
Dr. Olcese. Its other members are
Dr. Palma and Dr. Schuh. The
Committee meets not less than
once annually. The Committee
provides a forum for reporting by
the groups external and internal
auditors. Meetings are also
attended, by invitation, by the
Director General, the Board
Secretary and the chief financial
officer.
The Audit Committee is
responsible for reviewing a wide
range of matters, including the
annual financial statements before
their submission to the Board, and
monitoring the controls that are in
force to ensure the integrity of the
information reported to the Board.
The Audit Committee advises the
Board on the appointment of
external auditors and on their
remuneration both for audit and
for non-audit work, and discusses
the nature, scope and results of the

audit with external auditors. The
Audit Committee keeps under
review the cost effectiveness and
the independence and objectivity
of the external and internal
auditors.
Program Committee
The Program Committee is chaired
by Dr. Pehu (to 18 March) and Dr.
Swaminathan (from 18 March). Its
other members are Dr. Kazawayo,
Dr. Boronin, Dr. Song, Dr. Ogha and
Dr. Egger. Its responsibility is to
advise the Board on all aspects of
the Centers research and researchrelated programs, focusing on the
formulation of policies and plans
and monitoring performance and
impact.
Relations with Stakeholders
Communications with stakeholders
are given high priority. There is
dialogue with the CGIAR
secretariat, donors and members.
The Board uses a staff meeting at
the time of the Annual Meeting to
communicate with staff and
welcomes their participation. The
Chair aims to ensure that the Chairs
of the Audit, Remuneration and
Nomination Committees are
available at the annual staff
meeting to answer questions.
Internal Control
The trustees acknowledge that
they are responsible for the
Centers system of internal control
and for reviewing its effectiveness.
The system is designed to manage
rather than eliminate the risk of
failure to achieve the groups
strategic objectives, and can only
provide reasonable not absolute
assurance against material misstatement or loss.
A continuing process has been
established for identifying,
evaluating and managing the
significant risks faced by the
Center. The process has been in
place for the full year under review
and up to the date of approval of
the annual report and financial
statements. The Board regularly
reviews the process.
The Centers key risk management
processes and system of internal
control procedures include the
following mechanisms.
Management structure: Authority
to operate is delegated to
management within limits set by
the Board. Functional, operating

and financial reporting standards
are established by management
for application across the Center.
The corporate procedures manual
sets out, inter alia, the general
ethos of the Center, delegation of
authority and authorization levels,
segregation of duties and other
control procedures, together with
Center accounting policies. These
procedures are supplemented by
operating standards set by the
management, as required for the
geographical location.
Identification and evaluation of
business risks: The major
financial, scientific, legal,
regulatory and operating risks
within the Center are identified
through annual reporting
procedures. The internal audit
team regularly reviews these risks
to ensure they are being
effectively managed and
appropriately insured, and
prepares an annual group risk
assessment report. The team also
undertakes regular reviews of the
most significant areas of risk and
ensures that key control objectives
remain in place and reports its
findings to the audit committee.
Information and financial
reporting systems: The Centers
comprehensive planning and
financial reporting procedures
include detailed operational
budgets for the year ahead and a 3year rolling plan. The Board
reviews and approves them.
Performance is monitored and
relevant action taken throughout
the year through the quarterly
reporting of key performance
indicators, updated forecasts for
the year together with
information on the key risk areas.
team led by Dr. Anderson and

proposals beyond specified limits
are considered by the Board.
Audit Committee: The Audit
Committee monitors, through
reports to it by the internal audit
team, the controls that are in force
and any perceived gaps in the
control environment. The Audit
Committee also considers and
determines relevant action in
respect of any control issues raised
by internal or external auditors.
The Board confirms that it has
reviewed the effectiveness of the
systems of internal control; the key
processes used in doing so
included the following
mechanisms.
Review of the annual group risk
assessment report
Production and regular
updating of summaries of key
controls measured against
Center benchmarks, which
cover all internal controls,
both financial and non-financial
Review reports prepared
throughout the year by the
internal audit team
Annual confirmations from
local management that the
procedures set out in the
Centers corporate procedures
manual have been followed
The Chair of the Audit
Committee reports the
outcome of the Audit
Committee meetings to the
Board and the Board receives
minutes of the meetings
Review the role of insurance in
managing risks across the
group.
Investment appraisal: A
budgetary process and
authorization levels regulate
capital expenditure. For
expenditure, beyond specified
levels and outside of the approved
budget, detailed written proposals
have to be submitted to the Board.
Reviews are carried out after the
acquisition is complete, and for
some projects, during the
acquisition period, to monitor
expenditure; major overruns are
investigated. Proposals for
research and development
programmes are considered by a
61
Financial report
CIPs total revenues reached

US$22.3M in 2005, 2% below 2004
(Figure 1). Total revenues include
US$8.1M of unrestricted donations
and US$13.9M of restricted
donations. At the end of the year,
US$3.5M of approved grants (16%
of total revenues) had not been
released.
Unrestricted contributions fell
by 9% from US$9.0M to US$8.1M in
2005, while restricted
contributions increased by 3%
from US$13.4M to US$13.9M.
Lower than expected
contributions from the World Bank,
Italy, Japan, and the Swiss Agency
for development Cooperation, as
well as a stronger US dollar,
reduced unrestricted revenues,
while new proposals approved by
donors helped to increase
restricted revenues.
During the year, 41 new
restricted proposals, for a total
commitment of US$15.8M, were
approved by donors. New
commitments increased by 26%,
compared with 2004. The average
donation per proposal approved
Statement of financial position
also increased from US$0.25M to

US$0.39M in 2005. The growth in
the average donation per proposal
approved was greatly influenced
by the approval of a large donation,
which represented 54% of the
total value committed by donors
during the year.
Total expenditures increased by
3% to US$22.2M (Figure 2).
Research and research support
activities, as well as training and
operations, increased, while
research management
expenditures decreased. 2005 was
the third year in a row of program
expansion.
CIP achieved a slight surplus of
US$0.07M in 2005. The surplus
increased CIPs financial reserves
from US$5.6M to US$5.7M (Figure
3). Programmatic growth and
austere and prudent policies
reduced CIPs indirect expenses.
Following the CGIAR indirect cost
ratio guidelines, the indirect cost
ratio declined from 14% in 2004 to
12% in 2005 (Figure 4). The Center
plans to continue exercising
prudent policies to strengthen
even further CIPs financial

position.
CIPs financial indicators
continue to be within the
recommended ranges by the
CGIAR. The liquidity indicator,
measured as net working capital
divided by the daily average
expenditures minus depreciation,
reached 93 days in 2005 (Figure 5),
while the financial stability
indicator, measured as the
unrestricted net assets divided by
the average daily expenditures
minus depreciation, reached 91
days (Figure 6). The financial
indicators provide the Center with
flexibility to deal with short-term
negative effects from
unanticipated events (see box next
page).
The statement below
summarizes CIPs financial position
as of December 2005. A copy of the
complete audited financial
statements may be requested from
the office of the Director for
Finance and Administration at CIP
headquarters in Lima, Peru.
Year ending 31 December 2005 (compared with 2004)
(US$000)
(US$000)
2005
2004
Donors
4,586
3,508
Others
5,746
6,295
78
182
10,410
9,985
Assets
Liabilities and net assets
Current Assets
Current liabilities
Cash and cash equivalents

Investments
10,525
10,561
537
99
Accounts receivable:
Donors
Accounts payable
Provisions
3,524
3,582
Employees
160
259
Total current liabilities
Others
240
215
Non- current liabilities
Inventories
396
385
Long -term loan
82
154
Employees
73
61
185
179
Total non-current liabilities
73
311
15,649
15,434
10,483
10,296
Designated
2,512
2,598
Advances
Prepaid expenses
Total Current Assets
Investments non-current
Total liabilities
250
Net Assets
Non -Current Assets

305
369
Furnishing and equipment, Net
2,768
2,745
Undesignated
5,727
5,654
Total Non-Current assets
3,073
3,114
Total Net Assets
8,239
8,252
18,722
18,548
18,722
18,548
Total assets
62
2005
2004
Total liabilities and net assets
Center Financial Indicators
CIP attaches a high priority to maintaining a healthy financial position. Sound financial indicators
reflect the Centers ability to cope with external shocks, ensure that research activities will
continue in cases of unexpected funding shortfalls and provide a sound base to support future
growth. To this end, CIP will strengthen further its financial indicators in the medium run and will
continue to exercise caution in financial planning and budget design.
Short-term solvency (liquidity)

In 2005, the short-term solvency indicator decreased to 93 days. CIP is forecasting an increase in its
short-term solvency indicator for 2006, as a result of an estimated higher surplus and lower daily
expenditures due to a temporary fall of total expenditures and a rise of depreciation. The Center
estimates that the liquidity ratio will grow to 116 days by 2009.
Long-term financial stability (adequacy of reserves)

The Centers long-term financial stability indicator reached 91 days in 2005. CIP will continue
building up its long-term reserves indicator over the medium term as a result of growing liquidity
and surplus. CIP is estimating that the long-term financial stability indicator will increase to 111
days in 2009, which is above the recommended range of reserves.
Indirect cost ratio

CIP continued with its austere and prudent financial policies in order to control the expansion of
indirect costs. According to the CGIAR indirect cost ratio guidelines, the indirect cost ratio
declined from 14% in 2004 to 12% in 2005. CIP has one of the lowest indirect cost ratios in the
System. Reducing the indirect cost ratio further seems unwise; promoting and sustaining growth
will require increasing investment in research-support services.
Restricted accounts receivable/payables ratio

In 2005, the ratio of accounts receivable over accounts payable of restricted donations reached
0.8. This ratio reflects conservative financial policies when managing special projects. CIP expects
that the ratio will increase slightly in the medium term.
63
Figure 1. CIPs revenues 2002-2005

Revenues (Thousand of Dollars)
2002
2003
2004
2005
14,000
10,500
7,000
3,500
0
Unrestricted
Restricted
Figure 2. CIPs expeditures 2002-2005

Expeditures (Thousand of Dollars)
2002
2003
2004
2005
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
Unrestricted
Restricted
Figure 3. CIPs financial reserves 2001-2005

Financial Reserves (Thousand of Dollars)
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
2001
64
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 4. CIPs indirect cost ratio 2000-2005

Indirect Cost Ratio
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
97
99
2005
Figure 5. CIPs liquidity 2000-2005

Liquidity
120
100
80
93
70
60
49
51
2001
2002
40
20
0
2000
2003
2004
2005
Acceptable range - 90/120 days
Figure 6. CIPs financial stability indicator 2000-2005

Adequacy of Reserves
120
97
100
80
95
91
70
60
49
51
2001
2002
40
20
0
2000
2003
2004
2005
Acceptable
range
- 75 / 90
days
Acceptable
range
- 75/90
days
65
Selected publications
Andrade-Piedra, J. L., Forbes, G.

A., Shtienberg, D., Grnwald, N. J.,
Chacn, M. G., Taipe, M. V., Hijmans,
R. J. and Fry, W. E. (2005)
Qualification of a plant disease
simulation model: Performance of
the LATEBLIGHT model across a
broad range of environments.
Phytopathology, 95(12):14121422.
Andrade-Piedra, J. L., Hijmans, R.
J., Forbes, G. A., Fry, W. E. and
Nelson, R. J. (2005) Simulation of
potato late blight in the Andes. I:
Modification and parameterization
of the LATEBLIGHT model.
Andrade-Piedra, J. L., Hijmans, R.
J., Jurez, H. S., Forbes, G. A.,
Shtienberg, D. and Fry, W. E. (2005)
Simulation of potato late blight in
the Andes. II: Validation of the
LATEBLIGHT model.
Anthofer, J. and Kroschel, J.
(2005) Above-ground biomass,
nutrients, and persistence of an
early and a late maturing Mucuna
variety in the Forest-Savannah
Transitional Zone of Ghana.
Agriculture, Ecosystem and
Environment 110 (Fallow
Management in the Tropics),
(1-2):59-77.
Antle, J. M., Valdivia, R. O.,
Crissman, C. C., Stoorvogel, J. J.
and Yanggen, D. (2005) Spatial
heterogeneity and adoption of
soil conservation investments:
Integrated assessment of slow
formation terraces in the Andes.
Journal of International
Agricultural Trade and
Development, 1(1):29-53.
Bernet, T., Devaux, A., Ortiz, O.
and Thiele, G. (2005) Participatory
market chain approach. pp. 181187 In: Gonsalves, J., Becker, T.,
Braun, A., Campilan, D., De Chavez,
H., Fajber, E., Kapiriri, M., RivacaCaminade, J. and Vernooy, R. (Eds.)
Participatory Research and
Development for Sustainable
Agriculture and Natural Research
Management: A Sourcebook.
Volume 1. International Potato
66
Center - Users Perspectives With

Agricultural Research and
Development, Laguna, Philippines
and International Development
Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.
Butler, G. P., Bernet, T. and
Manrique, K. (2005)
Mechanization of potato grading
on small-scale farms: A case study
from Peru. Experimental
Agriculture, 41(1):81-92.
Campilan, D. (2005) A livelihood
systems framework for
participatory agricultural research:
The case of UPWARD. pp. 212-219
In: Gonsalves, J., Becker, T., Braun,
A., Campilan, D., De Chavez, H.,
Fajber, E., Kapiriri, M., RivacaCaminade, J. and Vernooy, R. (Eds.)
Agriculture and Natural
Resource Management: A
Sourcebook. Volume 1.
International Potato Center Users Perspectives With
Campilan, D. (2005) From
piloting to scaling up
participatory research and
development: Enabling Nepal
farmers to grow a healthy potato
crop. pp. 139-146 In: Gonsalves, J.,
Becker, T., Braun, A., Campilan, D.,
De Chavez, H., Fajber, E., Kapiriri,
M., Rivaca-Caminade, J. and
Vernooy, R. (Eds.) Participatory
Research and Development for
Sustainable Agriculture and
Natural Resource Management:
A Sourcebook. Volume 2.
Campilan, D., Perez, J., Sim, J. and
Boncodin, R. (2005) Evaluating
capacity for participatory research.
pp. 39-47 In: Gonsalves, J., Becker,
T., Braun, A., Campilan, D., De
Chavez, H., Fajber, E., Kapiriri, M.,
Rivaca-Caminade, J. and Vernooy,
R. (Eds.) Participatory Research
and Development for

Campilan, D., Perez, J., Sim, J. and
Boncodin, R. (2005) Evaluating
capacity for participatory research.
pp. 39-47 In: Gonsalves, J., Becker,
T., Braun, A., Campilan, D., De
Chavez, H., Fajber, E., Kapiriri, M.,
Rivaca-Caminade, J. and Vernooy,
R. (Eds.) Participatory Research
and Development for
Castillo Ruiz R. A., Herrera, C.,
Ghislain, M. and Gebhardt C.
(2005) Organisation of
phenylalanine ammonia lyase
(PAL), acidic PR-5 and osmotin-like
defence-response gene families in
the potato genome. Molecular
General Genetics, 274(2):168-179.
Claessens, L., Heuvelink, G. B. M.,
Schoorl, J. M. and Veldkamp, A.
(2005) DEM resolution effects on
shallow landslide hazard and soil
redistribution modelling. Earth
Surface Processes and
Landforms, 30:461-477.
Creed-Kanashiro, H., Or, B.,
Scurrah, M., Gil, A. and Penny, M.
(2005) Conducting research in
developing countries: Experiences
of the informed consent process
from community studies in Peru.
Nutrition, 135:925-928.
Davies, F. T., Calderon, C. M.,
Huaman, Z. and Gomez, R.
(2005) Influence of a flavonoid
(formonetin) on mycorrhyzal
activity and potato crop
productivity in the highlands of
Peru. Scientia Horticulturae,
106(3):318-329.
Feingold, S., Loyd, J., Noreno, N.,

Bonierbale, M. and Lorenzen, J.
(2005) Mapping and
characterization of new ESTderived microsatellites for potato
(S. tuberosum L). Theoretical and
Applied Genetics, 111(3):456466.
Forbes, G. A., Chacn, G., Kirk, H.
G., Huarte, M., Damme, M. V.,
Distel, S., Capezio, S., Mackay, G.,
Stewart, H., Lowe, R., Duncan, J.,
Mayton, H., Fry, W. E., Andrivon, D.,
Ellisseche, D., Pelle, R., Platt, H.,
MacKenzie, G., Tarn, R., Colon, L. T.,
Budding, D. J., Lozoya-Saldaa, H.
and Hernandez-Vilchis, A. (2005)
Stability of resistance to
Phytophthora infestans in potato:
An international evaluation. Plant
Pathology, 54(3):364-372.
Fuglie, K. O., Chien, D. H. and Yen,
L. T. (2005) Market integration and
price stability of vegetables in
Vietnam. Quarterly Journal of
International Agriculture,
44(4):371-379.
Garry, G., Forbes, G. A., Salas, A.,
Santa Cruz, M., Prez, W. G. and
Nelson, R.J. (2005) Genetic
diversity and host differentiation
among isolates of Phytophthora
infestans from cultivated potato
and wild solanaceous hosts in
Peru. Plant Pathology, 54(6):740748.
Garry, G., Salas, A., Forbes, G. A.,
Perez, W., Cruz, M. S. and Nelson R.
J. (2005) Host specialization not
detected in isolates of
Phytophthora infestans attacking
wild and cultivated potatoes in
Peru. European Journal of Plant
Pathology, 113(1):71-81.
Gonsalves, J., Becker, T., Braun, A.,
Campilan, D., De Chavez, H.,
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and Development for
A Sourcebook. Volume 1:
Understanding Participatory
Research and Development.

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and Development for
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224p.
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Grneberg, W. J., Manrique, K.,
Zhang, D. and Hermann, M. (2005)
Genotype x Environment
interactions for a diverse set of
sweetpotato clones evaluated
across varying ecogeographic
conditions in Peru. Crop Science,
45:2160-2171.
Immerzeel, W.W., Quiroz, R. A.
and De Jong, S. M (2005)
Understanding precipitation
patterns and land use interaction
in Tibet using harmonic analysis of
SPOT VGT-S10 NDVI time series.
International Journal of Remote
Sensing, 26(11):2281-2296.
Katafire, M., Adipala, E., Lemaga,
B., Olanya, M., El-Bedewy, R. and
Ewell, P. (2005) Management of
bacterial wilt of potato using oneseason rotation crops in
southwestern Uganda. pp. 197-204
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Adipala, E. (2005) Evaluation of
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Kinyua, Z. M., Olanya, M., Smith, J.
J., El-Bedewy, R., Kihara, S. N.,
Kakuhenzire, R. K., Crissman, C.
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Kreuze,J. F., Savenkov, E. I.,
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Lemaga, B., Kakuhenzire, R., Kassa,
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experience of African Highlands
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Bacterial Wilt Disease and the
Ralstonia solanacearum Species
Complex. Allen, C., Prior, P. and
Hayward, A. C. (Eds.). APS Press, St.
Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Lu, G., Huang, H. and Zhang, D.
(2005) Prediction of sweetpotato
starch physiochemical quality and
pasting properties using nearinfrared reflectance spectroscopy.
Food Chemistry, 94:632-639
Marley, P. S., Kroschel, J. and
Elzein, A. (2005) Host specificity of
Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht
(isolate PSM 197), a potential
mycoherbicide for controlling
Striga spp. in West Africa. Weed
Research, 45(6):407-412.
Mller-Stver, D. and Kroschel, J.
(2005) The potential of
Ulocladium botrytis for biological
control of Orobanche spp.
Biological Control, 33:301-306.
Nakitandwe, J., Adipala, E., ElBedewy, R., Wagoire, W. and
Lemaga, B. (2005) Adaptability of
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agro-ecologies of Uganda. African
Crop Science Journal, 13(2):107116.
Nakitandwe, J., Adipala, E., ElBedewy, R., Wagoire, W. and
Lemaga, B. (2005) Resistance to
late blight and yield of population
B3 potato selections in Uganda.
African Crop Science Journal,
13(2):95-101.
Oswald, A. (2005) Striga control technologies and their
dissemination. Crop Protection,
24(4):333-342.
Oyarzn, P. J., Garzn, C. D., Leon,
D., Andrade, I. and Forbes, G. A.
(2005) Incidence of potato tuber
blight in Ecuador. American
Journal of Potato Research,
82(2):117-122.
Peters, D., Nguyen, T. T., Mai, T.
H., Nguyen, T. Y., Pham, N. T. and
Fuglie, K. O. (2005) Rural income
generation through improving
crop-based pig production
systems in Vietnam: Diagnostics,
interventions and dissemination.
Agriculture and Human Values,
22(1):73-85.
Peters, D., Thach Hoanh, M., The
Yen, N., Thi Tinh, N. and Ngoc
Thach, P. (2005) Participatory
technology development and
dissemination: Improving pig feed
systems in Vietnam. pp. 83-90 In:
Campilan, D., De Chavez, H., Fajber,
E., Kapiriri, M., Rivaca-Caminade, J.
and Vernooy, R. (Eds.)
Posadas, A. N. D., Quiroz, R. A.,
Zorogasta, P. E. and LenVelarde, C. U. (2005) Multifractal
characterization of the spatial
distribution of ulexite in a
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26(3):615-627.
Prain, G., Thiele, G., Ortiz, O. and
Campilan, D. (2005) Agriculture
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social research to CIPs mission.
pp. 168-193 In: Researching
Culture in Agri-Culture: Social
Research for International
Agricultural Development.
Cernea, M. and Kassam, A. (Eds.).
CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
Priou, S., Aley, P. and Gutarra, L.
(2005) Assessment of resistance to
bacterial wilt in CIP advanced
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Bacterial Wilt Disease and the
Ralstonia solanacearum Species
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Hayward, A. C. (Eds). APS Press, St.
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Nuclear and chloroplast DNA
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An improved method to
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Orrillo, M., Mihovilovich, E., Prez,
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Late blight resistance linkages in a
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Winters, P., Hintze, L. H. and Ortiz,
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69
Global contact points
CIP in the world
Liaison Office
Regional Office
Heilongjiang
China
Uzbekistan
Afghanistan
Bhutan
Northeast India
Vietnam
Orissa
Philippines
India
Uganda
Kenya
Ecuador
Peru
Malawi
Indonesia
Mozambique
Latin America
and the
Caribbean (LAC)
South, West
and Central Asia
(SWCA)
CIP Headquarters
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
International Potato Center (CIP)

Avenida La Molina 1895, La Molina
P.O. Box 1558
Lima 12, Peru
Tel: +51 1 349 6017
Fax: +51 1 317 5326
email: cip@cgiar.org
Website: www.cipotato.org
Kenya Regional Office

P.O. Box 25171
Nairobi 00603, Kenya
Tel: +254 020 4223602
Fax: +254 020 4223600/4223001
email: cip-nbo@cgiar.org
Contact: Jan Low, SSA Regional
Leader
Latin America and the

Caribbean (LAC)
Malawi Liaison Office

Chitedze Research Station
PO Box 30258
Lilongwe 3
Malawi
Tel: +265 1 707014, Extension 212
Fax: +265 1 707026
email: p.demo@cgiar.org
Contact: Paul Demo, Liaison
Scientist
Ecuador Liaison Office

Santa Catalina Experimental
Station
Km. 17 Panamericana Sur
Sector Cutuglagua Canton Meja
Apartado 17-21-1977
Quito, Ecuador
Tel: +593 2 2690 362/363
Fax: +593 2 2692 604
email: cip-quito@cgiar.org
Website: www.quito.cipotato.org
Contact: Graham Thiele, Liaison
Scientist
70
Sub-Saharan
Africa (SSA)
Mozambique Liaison Office

IIAM Avenida das FPLM 2698
Maputo- Mozambique.
PO Box 2100 Maputo.
Tel/Fax: +25821461610
East and Southeast

Asia and the
Pacific (ESEAP)
email: m.andrade@cgiar.org
Contact: Maria Andrade, Liaison
Scientist
Uganda Liaison Office
Plot 106, Katarima Road, Naguru
P.O. Box 22274
Kampala, Uganda
Tel: +256 41 287 571
Fax: +256 41 286 947
email: r.kapinga@cgiar.org
Contact: Regina Kapinga, Liaison
Scientist
South, West and Central

Asia (SWCA)
India Regional Office
NASC Complex
DPS Marg, Pusa Campus
New Delhi, 110012, India
Tel: +91 11 2584 0201/2584 3734
Fax: +91 11 2584 7481
email: cip-delhi@cgiar.org
Contact: Sarath Ilangantileke,
SWCA Regional Leader
Orissa Liaison Office

Regional Center of CTCRI
P.O. Dumduma HBC
Bhubaneswar 751019
Orissa, India
Tel: +91-0674-2472244
Fax: +91-0674-2471814
Email: s.attaluri@cgiar.org
Contact: Mr. Sreekanth Attaluri
Northeast India Liaison Office
Nagaland University-SASRD Campus
Medziphema
Nagaland 797106
India
Tel: +91-03862-247311
Fax: +91-03862-247113
Email: nei_cip@yahoo.co.in
Contact: Mr. N. Thungjamo Lotha
Afghanistan Liaison Office
c/o International Center for
Agricultural Research in Dry Areas
(ICARDA)
Central P.O. Box 1355
Kabul, Afghanistan
Tel: +93 7060 1593
email: m.arif@cgiar.org
Contact: Muhammad Arif
Bhutan Liaison Office
P.O. Box 670, Semtoka
G.P.O. Thimphu
Bhutan
Tel: +975 2 351 016 / 351 694 /
323 355
Fax: +975 2 351 027
email: w.roder@cgiar.org
Contact: Walter Roder
Uzbekistan Liaison Office
c/o ICARDA-CAC
P.O. Box 4564
Tashkent 700000
Uzbekistan
Tel: +998 71 137 2169/137 2130
Fax: +998 71 120 7125
email: c.carli@cgiar.org
Contact: Carlo Carli, Liaison
Scientist
East and Southeast Asia

and the Pacific (ESEAP)
Indonesia Regional Office
Kebun Percobaan Muara, Jalan Raya
Ciapus
Jawa Barat, Bogor 16610, Indonesia
Tel: +62 251 317 951
Fax: +62 251 316 264
email: cip-eseap@cgiar.org
Website: www.eseap.cipotato.org
Contact: Fernando Ezeta, ESEAP
Regional Leader
China Liaison Office

c/o The Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences
Zhong Guan Cun South Street 12
West Suburbs of Beijing,
Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
Tel: +86 10 6897 5504
Fax: +86 10 6897 5503
email: cip-china@cgiar.org
Website: www.eseap.cipotato.org/
cip-china
Contact: Yi Wang, Liaison Scientist
PRAPACE (Regional Potato and

Sweet Potato
Improvement Program for East and
Central Africa)
P.O. Box 22274
Kampala, Uganda
Tel: +256 41 286 209
Fax: +256 41 286 947
email: prapace@prapace.co.ug
Contact: Berga Lemaga,
Coordinator
Heilongjiang Liaison Office

Training Building, Room No. 324
Northeast Agricultural University
59-Mucai Street, Xiangfang District
Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030
Peoples Republic of China
Tel: +86 451 5519 0997
Fax: +86 451 5519 1717
email: f.wang@cgiar.org
Contact: Fengyi Wang
UPWARD (Users Perspectives

with Agricultural
Research and Development)
Physical address:
PCARRD Complex
Los Baos, Laguna 4030,
Philippines
Postal address:
c/o IRRI DAPO Box 7777
Metro Manila, Philippines
Tel: +63 49 536 8185
Fax: +63 49 536 1662
email: cip-manila@cgiar.org
Contact: Dindo Campilan,
Coordinator
Website: www.eseap.cipotato.org/
upward
Vietnam Liaison Office

Nha so 10, ngo 283
Doi Can, Ba Dinh,
Hanoi, Vietnam
Tel: + 84-4-762-3235
Fax: + 84-4-762-3542
email: tnguyen@cgiar.org
Contact: Thi Tinh Nguyen, Liaison
Scientist
Global, Regional and

Systemwide Initiatives
Papa Andina Initiative
same address, telephone and fax as
CIP Headquarters
email: a.devaux@cgiar.org
Website: www.cipotato.org/
papandina
Contact: Andr Devaux,
Coordinator
Vitamin A for Africa (VITAA)

Liaison Office Uganda
c/o PRAPACE
P.O. Box 22274
Kampala, Uganda
Tel: +256 41 287 571
Fax: +256 41 286 947
email: r.kapinga@cgiar.org
Contact: Regina Kapinga,
Coordinator
CONDESAN (Consortium for the

Sustainable Development of the
Andean Ecoregion)
(same address, telephone and fax as
CIP headquarters)
email: condesan@cgiar.org
Website: www.condesan.org
Contact: Hctor Cisneros,
Coordinator
GMP (Global Mountain Program)
(same address, telephone and fax as
CIP headquarters)
email: p.trutmann@cgiar.org
Contact: Peter Trutmann,
Coordinator
71
CIPs internal structure*
Board of
Trustees
Office of the
Director General
Director General
Pamela K. Anderson
Deputy Director
Director General
for Research
Charles Crissman
Research
Divisions
Division 1: Impact
Enhancement
Leader: Keith Fuglie
Division 2:
Genetic Resources
Conservation and
Characterization
Leader: William Roca
Division 3:
Germplasm
Enhancement and
Crop Improvement
Leader: Merideth
Bonierbale
Division 4:
Integrated Crop
Management
Leader: Oscar Ortiz
Division 5:
Natural Resources
Management
Director of Finance
and Administration
Carlos Alonso
Director, Development Partnerships
Roger Cortbaoui
Partnership
Programs
VITAA
Coordinator:
Regina Kapinga
Papa Andina
Coordinator:
Andre Devaux
PRAPACE
Coordinator:
Berga Lemaga
UPWARD
Coordinator:
Dindo Campilan
CONDESAN
Coordinator:
Hctor Cisneros
Research
Support
Sub-Saharan
Africa (SSA)
Germplasm and
Distribution
Unit
Regional Leader:
Jan Low
South, West
and Central
Asia (SWCA)
Regional Leader:
Sarath
Ilangantileke
East, and
Southeast Asia
and the Pacific
(ESEAP)
Regional Leader:
Fernando Ezeta
Global
Mountain
Program
Coordinator:
Peter Trutmann
Division 6:
Agriculture and
Human Health
Leader: Pending
Coordinator:
Gordon Prain
Finance
Administration
Head: Pending
Head: Aldo Tang
Human
Resources
Logistics
Head: Gustavo
Delgado
Resource
Mobilization Unit
Head: Kirsten Johnson
*As at 15 June 2006
Applied
Biotechnology
Laboratory
Leader:
Marc Ghislain
Research
Informatics
Unit
Leader:
Reinhard Simon
Capacity
Strengthening
Library
Urban Harvest
Administrator:
Jorge Locatelli
Leader: William
Roca
Leader: Thomas
Zschocke
Leader: Roberto Quiroz
Communications
and Public
Awareness Dept
Head: Paul Stapleton
72
Regional
Offices
Head: Cecilia
Ferreyra
Information
Technology
Unit
Head: Anthony
Collins
Director General (since 1 May)

Anderson, Pamela K.
Altet, Mariella, Manager for
External Relations and
International Personnel
Garca, Erika, Office Auxiliary
Infantas, Viviana, Visitors Officer
Neyra, Gladys, Administrative
Assistant
Zandstra, Hubert, Director General
(until 30 April)
Deputy Director General for
Research (since 1 May)
Crissman, Charles
Anderson, Pamela K., Deputy
Director General for Research
(until 30 April)
Dyer, Carmen, Administrative
Assistant2
Ferreyros, Bertha, Information
System Analyst
Parker, Charlotte, Administrative
Assistant
Salinas, Lilia, Administrative
Assistant
Director of Finance and
Administration (since 15 June)
Alonso, Carlos
Deputy Director General for
Corporate Development
(until 14 June)
Li Pun, Hctor Hugo
Lanatta, Amalia, Administrative
Assistant (until 14 June)
Rios, Mara Ins, Business
Development Associate2
Zelaya, Haydee, Administrative
Assistant2
Director, Development
Partnerships
Cortbaoui, Roger
Marcovich, Rosario, Administrative
Assistant
Communications and
Public Awareness
Department
Stapleton, Paul, Head1
Carre, Jean Pierre, Systems
Development Support
Delgado, Ruth, Exhibits/Display
Assistant
Fernandez-Concha, Nini, Graphic
Designer
Hidalgo, Milton, Graphic Designer2

Lafosse, Cecilia, Chief Designer
Lanatta, Mara Elena,
Administrative Assistant
Moncada, Paul, Webmaster
Morales, Anselmo, Graphic
Designer
Peralta, Eduardo, Graphic
Designer 1,2
Portillo, Zoraida, Spanish WriterEditor/Media
Taipe, Elena, Graphic Designer1
Resource Mobilization Unit

Johnson, Kirsten, Chief
Crdova, Margarita, Bilingual
Secretary 1
Solis-Rosas, Martina, Bilingual
Secretary
Finance and Administration

Department
Administration
Tang, Aldo, Head of
Administration
Crdova, Silvia, Bilingual Secretary
Secada, Ana Mara, Head, Travel
Office
Solis, Gloria, Administrative
Assistant
Human Resources
Delgado, Gustavo, Human
Resources Manager1
Bruno, Genaro, Receptionist
Ferreyros, Mnica, Auxiliary
Services Supervisor
Lapouble, Sor, Auxiliary Services
Assistant
Leon, Roxana, Social Worker, Social
Welfare and Health Supervisor
Martin, Sofa, Receptionist
Olivera, Gicela, Human Resources
Assistant
Polo, William, Human Resources
Assistant
Reao, Lucas, Human Resources
Manager2
Schmidt, Lucero, Nurse
Tvara, Mara Amelia, Bilingual
Secretary
Varas, Yoner, Salary Administrator
Zamudio, Juana, Auxiliary Services
Assistant
Logistics
Locatelli, Jorge, Logistics
Administrator
Alarcn, Willy, Maintenance
Technician
Anglas, Ignacio, Maintenance
Technician
Arellano, Tito, Warehouse

Supervisor
Auqui, Filomeno, Purchasing
Assistant
Bernui, Pilar, Bilingual Secretary
Briceo, Antoln, Security Officer
Ccenta, Leoncio, Warehouse
Assistant
Corzo, Guillermo, Purchasing
Assistant
Dueas, Javier, General Services
Assistant
Ganoza, Ximena, Purchasing
Supervisor
Garca, Ral, Purchasing Assistant
Gorvenia, Jos, Security Driver
Guerrero, Atilio, Vehicle
Programmer
Huambachano, Victor, Security
Officer
Lopez, Luis, Warehouse Assistant
Mendoza, Julio, Security Driver
Montalvo, Hugo, Security Officer
Morillo, Antonio, Maintenance
Chief
Palomino, Juan, Maintenance
Technician
Pelaez, Pedro, Maintenance
Technician
Pozada, Angel, Logistics Assistant
Reyes, Carlos, Security Driver
Tintaya, Tefilo, Security Officer
Uribe, Carlos, Maintenance
Technician
Vsquez, Lisardo, Safety Officer
Yancce, Jos, Maintenance
Technician
Zapata, Saturnino, Maintenance
Technician
Staff list*
1. Director Generals
Office
Finances
Alonso, Carlos, Chief Financial
Officer (until 15 June)
De los Ros, Edgardo, Senior
Accountant 2
Garca, Andrs, Assistant
Accountant
Giacoma, Denise, Budget Supervisor
Guzmn, Rodmel, Assistant
Accountant
Hermoza, Willy, Assistant
Accountant 2
Paliza, antika, Bilingual Secretary1
Paredes, Ruth, Assistant Accountant
Patio, Milagros, Treasurer
Peralta, Eduardo, Accountant
Saavedra, Miguel, General
Accountant
Solari, Sonnia, Cashier
Tapia, Csar, Assistant Accountant
Vsquez, Rosa Mara, Project
Supervisor
Villanueva, Ernesto, Assistant
Accountant
Zambrano, Mamerto, Office
Auxiliary
*As at 31 December 2005
73
Information Technology Unit

Collins, Anthony, Head
Bravo, Liliana, Server
Administrator 2
Del Villar, Roberto, Server
Administrator
Daz, Denis, Linux Administrator1
Orozco, Erika, Server Administrator
Palacios, Dante, Helpdesk
Administrator
Puchuri, Jacqueline,
Administrative Systems Analyst2
Rodrguez, Sal, Web Systems
Analyst
Sandoval, Milton, Helpdesk Assistant
Torres, Edgardo, Systems
Development Administrator
Valdivieso, Peter, Helpdesk
Assistant
Zevallos, Diana, Administrative
Systems Analyst
Zolla, Andrs, Helpdesk Assistant1
2. Divisions
Impact Enhancement
Division
Fuglie, Keith, Economist, Division
Leader
Bernet, Thomas, Agricultural
Economist, Swiss Associate
Expert 3
Crissman, Charles, Economist, CIPSSA Regional Representative
(CIP-Nairobi) (until 30 April)
Low, Jan, Economist, CIP-SSA
Regional Representative
(CIP-Nairobi)1
Lozano, Mara, Database Auxiliary
Surez, Vctor, Statistics Assistant
Vsquez, Zandra, Bilingual Secretary
Yaggen, David, Agricultural
Economist, Associate Scientist 2,4
(Montana State University)
Genetic Resources
Conservation and
Characterization Division
Roca, William, Plant Cell
Physiologist, Division Leader
Arbizu, Carlos, Andean Crops
Specialist
Bastos, Carolina, Agronomist,
Research Assistant2
Blancas, Miguel, Systems Assistant
Espinoza, Catherine, Research
Assistant
Gomez, Rene, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Gonzales, Roberto, Laboratory
Auxiliary
74
Manrique, Ivn, Biologist, Research

Assistant
Martn, Mariana, Bilingual
Secretary
Panta, Ana, Biologist, Research
Assistant
Parra, Gabriela, Biologist, Research
Assistant1
Reynoso, Daniel, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Rossel, Genoveva, Biologist,
Research Assistant2
Salas, Alberto, Agronomist,
Research Associate
Vargas, Fanny, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Vivanco, Francisco, Research
Assistant
Ynouye, Cecilia, Research Assistant
Zorrilla, Cinthya, Biologist,
Research Assistant
Germplasm Enhancement
and Crop Improvement
Division
Bonierbale, Merideth, Senior
Potato Breeder, Division Leader
Amoros, Walter, Agronomist,
Research Associate
Arif, Muhammad, Seed Specialist3
(CIP-SWCA-Afghanistan)
Auqui, Mariella, Research
Technician1
Bartolini, Ida, Biochemist, Research
Assistant
Beltran, Arnaldo, Research
Technician
Benavides, Jorge, Biologist,
Research Assistant
Burgos, Gabriela, Biologist,
Research Assistant
Cabello, Rolando, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Carbajulca, Doris, Research
Assistant1
Carli, Carlo, Regional Seed
Production Specialist, Liaison
Scientist Uzbekistan
Cho, Hyun-Mook, Potato Breeder,
Visiting Scientist2-3
Chujoy, Enrique, Geneticist
Condori, Jos, Research Assistant
Danessi, Lorena, Bilingual Secretary
De Haan, Stefan, Potato Breeder3
De Vries, Sander, Associate Expert
in Breeding/Agronomy, JPO
Diaz, Luis, Agronomist, Research
Assistant
Espinoza, Jorge, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Falcn, Rosario, Biologist, Research
Assistant
Forbes, Anne, Plant Breeder,
Fellow 1
Garca, Paulo, Research Technician
Gastelo, Manuel, Agronomist,

Research Assistant
Ghislain, Marc, Molecular Biologist
Gildemacher, Peter, Potato
Breeder/Agronomist, JPO3
Gmez, Flix, Research Technician
Gmez, Walter, Research
Technician
Gonzalez, Geoffrey, Research
Assistant1
Grande, Enrique, Research
Technician
Gruneberg, Wolfgang J.,
Sweetpotato Breeder
Geneticist
Herrera, Rosario, Biologist,
Research Assistant
Kim, Hyun-Jun, Potato Breeder,
Visiting Scientist
Kreuze, Jan, Molecular Virologist
JPO3
Kreuze, Hannelle, Molecular
Breeding, Fellow1
Landeo, Juan, Plant Breeder
Medrano, Giuliana, Veterinary,
Research Assistant
Mel, Isabel, Bilingual Secretary
Mihovilovich, Elisa, Biologist,
Research Assistant
Miki, Maria, Research Assistant
Munive, Susan, Research Technician
Nuez, Jorge, Research Assistant
Ochoa, Carlos, Taxonomist,
Scientist Emeritus
Orrillo, Matilde, Biologist, Research
Assistant
Perazzo, Giovana, Biologist,
Research Assistant2
Portal, Leticia, Biologist, Research
Assistant
Potts, Michael, Sweetpotato
Production Specialist3 (CIPUganda)
Rivera, Cristina, Biologist, Research
Assistant1
Roder, Walter, Regional Seed
Potato Specialist3 (Bhutan)
Romero, Elisa, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Salas, Elisa, Research Assistant
Salazar, Rosa, Bilingual Secretary
Samolski, Ilanit, Biologist, Research
Assistant1
Schafleitner, Roland,
Biotechnology Research
Scientist3
Sols, Julio, Biologist, Research
Assistant1
Tovar, Jos, Research Assistant1
Trujillo, Guillermo, Biologist,
Research Assistant
Velsquez, Andr, Research
Assistant1
Wang, Fengyi, Potato Production
Specialist (CIP-Beijing)3
Yactayo, Jessica, Research Assistant2
Zambrano, Victor, Biologist,
Research Assistant1
Integrated Crop
Management Division
Ortiz, Oscar, Agricultural
Extension Specialist, Division
Leader
Alcazar, Jess, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Aley, Pedro, Plant Pathologist,
Research Assistant
Andrade, Jorge, Plant Pathologist Post Doctoral1,3
Arellano, Jaime, Research
Technician
Arif, Muhammad, Seed Specialist
(CIP-SWCA-Afghanistan)3
Arica, Denis, Research Assistant1
Blanco, Mnica, Bilingual Secretary
Cabrera, Antonio, Research
Technician1
Caedo, Vernica, Biologist,
Research Assistant
Chuqillanqui, Carlos, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Demo, Paul, Regional Potato
Expert 3
Espinoza, Hugo, Research
Technician
Fonseca, Cristina, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Forbes, Gregory, Pathologist
French, Edward, Scientist Emeritus
Fuentes, Segundo, Plant
Pathologist, Research Assistant
Gamboa, Soledad, Biologist,
Research Assistant
Gutarra, Liliam, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Huamn, Eva, Research Technician
Kadian, Mohinder Singh,
Agronomist, (CIP-SWCA-Delhi)
Kromann, Peter, Plant Pathologist,
JPO3
Kroschel, Jurgen, Entomologist
Malpartida, Carlos, Agronomist,
Research Assistant1
Mendoza, Carlos, Research
Technician
Meza, Marco, Research Technician
Mujica, Norma, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Muller, Giovanna, Biologist,
Research Assistant
Ochoa, Francisco, Research
Technician
Orrego, Ricardo, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Oswald, Andreas, Integrated Crop
Management Expert1,3
Padel, Willy, Zoologist, Research
Assistant
Paredes, Catalina, Research
Technician
Perez, Wilmer, Plant Pathologist,
Research Assistant
Priou, Sylvie, Bacteriologist
Reyes, Julio, Research Technician1,2
Salazar, Luis, Virologist, Principal
Scientist2
Santivaez, Sonia, Bilingual

Secretary 1
Sporleder, Marc, Entomologist Post Doctoral3
Tenorio, Jorge, Biologist, Research
Assistant
Trebejo, Marcelo, Research
Technician
Trillo, Antonio, Research Technician
Vargas, Melisa, Biologist, Research
Assistant2
Vega, Adan, Research Technician
Wang, Yi, Physiologist, Liaison
Scientist (CIP-Beijing)
Zamudio, Julia, Bilingual Secretary
Zegarra, Octavio, Biologist,
Research Assistant
ALTAGRO Project
Li Pun, Hctor Hugo, Senior
Advisor to the Director General
(since June 15)3
Lanatta, Amalia, Administrative
Assistant (since June 15)
Natural Resources
Management Division
Quiroz, Roberto, Land Use
Systems Specialist, Division
Leader
Barreda, Carolina, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Bazoalto, Jimena, Research Assistant
Claessens, Lieven, Soil Scientist, JPO1,3
De la Cruz, Jorge, Assistant
Programmer
Del Carpio, Jorge, Database
Technician
Ezeta, Fernando, Agronomist,
Regional Leader (CIP-ESEAP)
Frisancho, Rebeca, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Garca, Alex, Assistant Programmer
Garca, Alberto, Photographic
Design Technician
Guerrero, Jos, Systems Assistant
Gurusamy, Kumari, Geographic
Information Systems Specialist,
JPO 3
Ilangantileke, Sarath, Postharvest
Specialist, Regional Leader
(CIP-SWCA-Delhi)
Leon-Velarde, Carlos, Agricultural
Systems Analysis Specialist3
Loayza, Hildo, Research Assistant
Posadas, Adolfo, Physicist, Research
Associate
Raygada, Yasmin, Bilingual Secretary2
Valdizn, Ivonne, Bilingual Secretary
Vela, Ana Mara, Bilingual Secretary1
Yactayo, Guido, Research Assistant
Yarlequ, Christian, Research
Assistant1
Zorogasta, Percy, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Training Department
Zschocke Thomas, Head
Alberco, Roque, Audiovisual
Technician
Byrne, Pilar, Training and Events
Assistant2
Echeanda, Edda, Multimedia
Developer
Huanes, Martha, Training Coordinator
Puccini, Alfredo, Multimedia
Designer
Suito, Mercedes, Bilingual Secretary
Library
Ferreyra, Cecilia, Head Librarian
Ghilardi, Rosa, Bilingual Secretary
Lay, Griselda, Library Assistant
Valencia, Luis, Library Auxiliary
Field Research Support

Otaz, Victor, Experimental
Stations Superintendent
Aguirre, Carlos, Agronomist, Field/
Greenhouse Supervisor
Blas, Walter, Mechanic
Carhuamaca, Mario, Administrative
Auxiliary
Cosme, Anastacio, Driver (Tractor)
Duarte, Roberto, Agronomist, Field/
Greenhouse Supervisor
Lara, Carmen, Secretary
Limaylla, Jenny, Administrative
Assistant
Piana, Vanna, Administrative
Assistant
Quino, Miguel, Research Technician
Silva, Fredy, Security Chief
Research Informatics Unit

Simon, Reinhard, Head
Avila, Luis, Systems Assistant
De Mendiburu, Felipe, Statistician,
Research Assistant
Juarez, Henry, Agronomist, Research
Assistant
Rojas, Edwin, Systems Analyst
Schmitt, Magna, Systems Assistant
Tarazona, Enver, Systems Assistant
Villanueva, Sara, Systems Assistant
3. Partnership Programs
VITAA
Kapinga, Regina, Sweetpotato
Breeder (CIP-Kampala), Program
Coordinator
Papa Andina
Devaux, Andr, Agronomist,
75
Program Coordinator3
Alva, Mara Elena, Information
Assistant
Cruz, Saco Roco, Bilingual Secretary
Manrique, Kurt, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Thiele, Graham, Anthropologist,
Andean Potato Project (CIPQuito) 3
for SSA (CIP-Nairobi)

Maldonado, Luis, Economist,
Research Assistant
Muoz, Ana Luisa, Bilingual
Secretary
PRAPACE
Liaison Office, Quito, Ecuador

Thiele, Graham, Anthropologist,
Andean Potato Project3 (CIPQuito)
Alcocer, Julio, Field Laborer
Ayala, Sofia, Administrative
Assistant
Barriga, Susana, Accountant
Centeno, Mara del Carmen, Field
Laborer
Delgado, Juan, Vehicle
Maintenance and Messenger
Espinoza, Patricio, Coordinator
Hofstede, Robert, Program
Coordinator Paramus Project2
Inaquiza, Rosa Mara, Field Laborer
Jarrn, Francisco, Research
Technician
Jimnez, Diana, Research Assistant
Paramus Project2
Jimnez, Jos, Network
Management and Systems
Maintenance
Oliva, Ricardo, PhD Student
Orozco, Fadya, Project Coordinator
Prez, Blanca, Junior Assistance
Reinoso, Lidia, Field and
Greenhouse Laborer
Taipe, Jaime, Research Assistance
Vinuesa, Marcelo, Research
Technician
Lemaga, Berga, Agronomist,

Program Coordinator (CIPKampala)3
Amery, Martha, Secretary
Nsumba, James, Agronomist,
Program Assistant
Wakulla, Rachel N., Accountant
Wander, Amos, Driver
UPWARD
Campilan, Dindo, Sociologist
(CIP-Los Baos), Program
Coordinator
Aquino, Mylene, Administrative
Officer
De los Reyes, Mario, Office
Messenger
Gallantes, Jaime, Research Fellow
Luis, Judith, Project Specialist
Nadal, Marietta, Office Manager
Sister, Lorna, Project Specialist
CONDESAN
Cisneros, Hctor, Forestry
Program Coordinator3
Briceo, Musuq, Research Assistant
Hernndez, Connie, Bilingual
Secretary
Hidalgo, Ruth, Junior Web Assistant1
Mujica, Elas, Adjunct Scientist3
Ponce, Ana Mara, InfoAndina2
Saravia, Miguel, InfoAndina, Leader1
Estrada, Rubn Daro, Natural
Resources Economist (based at
CIAT)3,4
Global Mountain Program

Trutman, Peter, Program
Coordinator3
Rivera, Luciana, Bilingual Secretary2
Urban Harvest
Prain, Gordon, Social
Anthropologist, Program
Coordinator
Arce, Blanca, Zoologist, Research
Associate
Lee-Smith, Diana, Sociologist, Urban
Harvest Regional Coordinator
76
4. Regional Offices
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA),

Nairobi, Kenya
Crissman, Charles, Economist,
Regional Representative (until
30 April)
Low, Jan, Economist, Regional
Representative1 (since 1 May)
Agili, Sammy, Breeder, Research
Assistant
Igunza, Elijah, Purchasing Officer
Kaguongo, Wachira, Agricultural
Economist, Research Assistant1,3
Kingori, Peter, Research Assistant3
Maine, George, Driver
Naomi, Zani, Administrative
Assistant
Ndoho, Emily, Administrative
Assistant
Njenga, Mary, Research Assistant3
Reuben, Anangwe, Cleaner
Liaison Office, Kampala, Uganda

Kapinga, Regina, Sweetpotato
Breeder, VITAA Program
Coordinator
Tumwesige, Annet, Accountant,
Administrator
Alimbangira, James, Security Guard
Atong, Moses, Office Messenger
Nagujja, Stella, Impact and Policy
Coordinator, Harvest Plus
Namanda, Sam, Agronomist,
Research Assistant
Osaga, Denis, Night Watchman
Potts, Michael, Sweetpotato
Production Specialist3
Tumwirize, Ronald, Driver
Purchasing Assistant
Tumwegamire, Silver, Breeder,
Research Assistant
South, West and Central

Asia (SWCA), New Delhi,
India
Ilangatileke, Sarath, Postharvest
Specialist, Regional
Representative
Anjan, Barik, Office Driver
Abdullayev, Marat, Interpreter/
Translator (CAC)2
Arif, Muhammad, Seed Specialist3
(CIP-Afghanistan)
Arya, Sushma, Accountant/Program
Coordinator
Attaluri, Sreekanth, Sweetpotato
Scientist, Liaison ScientistBhubaneswar, India
Carli, Carlo, Regional Seed
Production Specialist, Liaison
Scientist Uzbekistan
Girish, Basavapatna Halappa, Potato
Specialist
Jagram, Office Assistant
Kadian, Mohinder Singh,
Agronomist
Khalikov, Durbek, Assistant
Agronomist (CAC)
Dasappan Jayakumar, Computer
Assistant
Lotha, Nsemo Thungjamo,
Agronomist and Liaison
Scientist-NE India1
Mony, Lalitha, Administrative
Secretary
Vasilievna, Li Irina, Interpreter/
Translator1 (CAC)
Verma, Romi, Program Associate
Roder, Walter, Regional Seed
Potato Specialist3 (Bhutan)
Norbu, Kencho, Driver1 (CIP/CFCBhutan)
Yangalichev, Rustam, Office Driver
(CAC)
Liaison Office, Tashkent,

Uzbekistan
Carli, Carlo, Seed Specialist1
Afghanistan Special Project,
Kabul, Afghanistan
Arif, Muhammad, Seed
Specialist 1
Hussaini, Muhammad Essa,
National/
Local
Coordinator
Bhutan Special Project
Roder, Walter, Coordinator, CIPCFC1
East and Southeast Asia

and the Pacific (ESEAP),
Bogor, Indonesia
Consulting Agencies in the

Provinces
Min-shuang, Yao, Potato Seed
Technology, Breeding and
Training, Pengzhou Potato Unit,
Sichuan Agriculture Bureau,
Sichuan Province
Yu-ping, Bi, Pathogen Diagnosis
and Training, Biotechnology
Center, Shandong Academy of
Agriculture Sciences, Shandong
Province
Liaison Office, Hanoi, Vietnam
Thi-Tinh, Nguyen, Animal
Scientist, CIP-Liaison Scientist
Thi, Bich Duyen Ta, Project
Assistant
Thia, Hoa Nguyen, Cleaner
Ezeta, Fernando, Agronomist,

Regional Representative
Agus, Irwansyah, Office Driver
Asmunati, Rini, Research Assistant
Eti, Nurhayati, Janitor
Hidayat, Tolent, Facilities Manager
Kosay, Luther, Research Assistant3
Kusbandi, Dessy, Secretary
Mahalaya, Sukendra, Researcher
Mamun, Asep, Technician
Mulyadi, Yaya, Office Driver
Nawawi, Kusye, Accountant
Satiman, Partono, Office Driver
Setiawan, Asep, Sweetpotato
Breeder
Suherman, Security Guard
Syamsudin, Iman, Guard
Tjintokohadi, Koko, Research
Assistant
Dyumiyo, W., Security Guard
Cargill, Colin, Animal Scientist3
(Australia)
Liaison Office, Beijing, China
Wang, Yi, Plant Physiologist,
Liaison Scientist
Dian-ping, Yanqing Zhu, Station
Manager and Technician
Pei, Zhou, Secretary and
Accountant
Shi-an, Liu, Office Assistant and
Driver
Wang, Fengyi, Potato Production
Specialist (CIP-Beijing), DPRK
Project Coordinator3
Xue-fei, Wang, Administrative
Assistant
1
2
3
4
Joined CIP in 2005

Left CIP in 2005
Funded by special project
Joint appointment
77
78
The International Potato
Center (CIP) seeks to reduce

poverty and achieve food
security on a sustained basis in
developing countries through
scientific research and related
activities on potato,
CIP. 2006. Contributing to the

millennium development goals
Annual Report 2005
2006, International Potato
Center
ISSN 0256-6311
sweetpotato, and other root

and tuber crops, and on the
improved management of
natural resources in the Andes
and other mountain areas.
The CIP Vision
The International Potato
Center (CIP) will contribute to
Readers are encouraged to quote

or reproduce material from this
Report. As copyright holder CIP
requests acknowledgement and a
copy of the publication where the
citation or material appears.
Please send this to the
Communications and Public
Awareness Department at the
address below.
reducing poverty and hunger;

improving human health;
developing resilient,
sustainable rural and urban
livelihood systems; and
improving access to the

Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Per
cip@cgiar.org
www.cipotato.org
Press run: 2,000
October 2006
benefits of new and

appropriate knowledge and
technologies. CIP will address
these challenges by convening
and conducting research and
Editor and principal writer

Paul Stapleton
Production coordinator
Cecilia Lafosse
supporting partnerships on
root and tuber crops and on
Design and layout

Nini Fernndez-Concha
natural resources management

in mountain systems and other
less-favored areas where CIP
can contribute to the
achievement of healthy and
sustainable human
development.
www.cipotato.org
CIP is supported by a group of
governments, private
foundations, and international
and regional organizations
known as the Consultative
Group on International
Agricultural Research (CGIAR).
www.cgiar.org
Photo Credits
CIP Archives, unless otherwise
credited: front cover: Z. Huaman,
S. Poats; back cover, R. El-Bedewy;
E. Carey, O. Ortiz; p. 6, Urban
Harvest, Kampala; p. 8, M. Kadian; p.
9, B. Lemaga; p. 10; Family Concern;
p. 11, A. Setiawan; p. 13, A. Braun,
A. Setiawan; p. 16, R. Kapinga; p. 18,
F. Wang; p. 19, K. Tjintokohadi; p. 21,
P. Demo; p. 24, F. Orozoco; p. 25,
S. Attaluri; p. 26, R. Kapinga; p. 28,
CONDESAN; p. 29, C. Carli; p. 30,
D. Campilan; p. 31, A. Setiawan; p.
32, R. Kapinga; p. 36, J. Gallentes;
pp. 37 & 38, Urban Harvest; p. 40
ACIAR, Australia; p. 41, W. Roder;
p. 42, M. Arif; p. 44, P. Stapleton; p.
45, Papa Andina; p. 46, P. Stapleton;
p. 47, M. Kadian; p. 48, M. Potts.
International
Potato
Center
Annual
Report
2005
Annual Report 2005
International Potato Center Av. La Molina 1895 La Molina Apartado 1558 Lima 12, Per

CIP Annual Report 2005

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Contributing to the Millennium Development Goals

Annual Report 2005

International Potato Center

Contributing significantly to the Millennium

International Potato Center Annual Report 2005

International Potato Center Annual Report 2005

CIP and the Millennium

International Potato Center Annual Report 2005

International Potato Center Annual Report 2005

Using true potato seed in South, West and Central Asia

TPS harvest in Nagaland in NorthEast, India

Using true potato seed to

control late blight, so the

International Potato Center Annual Report 2005

groups and co-operatives to

houses and sent more

Kabale farmers at a field workshop

that meet market demand

Market link benefits farmers in southwestern Uganda

Ugandan potato farmers

International Potato Center Annual Report 2005

Business opportunities for poor households in Kenya

incomes and source of

Over 1500 smallholder

livelihood by growing and

International Potato Center Annual Report 2005

Toyota-Bio built a new

virus-free cuttings produced

International Potato Center Annual Report 2005

Raising incomes with sweetpotato in Indonesia

Demonstrating sweetpotato varieties in Indonesia

Earning money from sweetpotato and pigs in Vietnam

Farmers in Vietnam are becoming

which are important money

International Potato Center Annual Report 2005

feed, increase feed

Breeding sweetpotato in Southeast Asia

Between 1996 and 2015,

The Sukuh variety that has been so

International Potato Center Annual Report 2005

International Potato Center Annual Report 2005

International Potato Center Annual Report 2005

Adapting sweetpotatoes for acceptability in Kenya/Uganda

Consumers and farmers assesing new orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties

Up to the end of 2005, in

Over 347,000 households in

International Potato Center Annual Report 2005

of dietary vitamin A available

Sweetpotatoes and pigs in Papua

Papua farmers have

Wamisik Elopere checking his pigs in Papua

For Penina and Wamisik,

* Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research CIP South

International Potato Center Annual Report 2005

Improving nutrition and food security in DPR Korea

Potato has been declared a priority crop in DPR Korea

losses by removing the

International Potato Center Annual Report 2005

were also introduced to

therefore limiting the

CIPs Koko Tjintokohadi and a

Bringing benefit to tsunami victims in Indonesia

Since the tsunami on 26

the livelihoods of the