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Module 1: Overview of Vibration Control

Lecture 3: Active Vibration Control

The Lecture Contains:

Different strategies for vibration control
Comparison of feed forward and feedback control
Implementation of controller
Smart structural control
Comparison between two methods of Active Vibration Control (AVC)
Important issues related to AVC

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Module 1: Overview of Vibration Control

Lecture 3: Active Vibration Control

In this lecture, we will discuss about different strategies for active vibration control.

Different Strategies for vibration control:

Strategies (ii), (partly) (iv) and (v) are related to Active Vibration Control.

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Module 1: Overview of Vibration Control

Lecture 3: Active Vibration Cpntrol

Applications of Active Vibration Control includes:

a. vibration and shape control of flexible systems like optical mirror
b. gitter control of high precision instruments
c. active suspension system for ride comfort in advanced vehicles

Application 1: Vibration & Shape Control of Optical Mirror

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Module 1: Overview of Vibration Control

Lecture 3: Active Vibration Cpntrol

Active Control of Optical Aperture

This type of mirrors are ideally suitable for light weight ultra-large space telescopes. A set of such
flexible mirror segments could be assembled to form the actual mirror. The surface quality is < 30nm.
Stroke requirements for such adjustments is <2m. Usually PZT actuators are bonded behind
deformable silicon mirror membranes for this purpose. An electric field applied perpendicular to the
piezoelectric layer plane will induce lateral contraction and thereby cause large out of plane deformation
of the membrane.

Application 2: LSS: A future Interferometric Mission

Error in the optical path length: nanometre

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Pointing error of individual telescope: nanoradian

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Module 1: Overview of Vibration Control

Lecture 3: Active Vibration Cpntrol

Expanded view of the legs of a 6 DOF Isolator

For a 6 DOF active Isolator:

Piezo -actuators offer transmission of low frequency torque and suppression of high frequency
vibration isolation
Alternate to piezo -actuators are Terfenol - D rod, voice-coil etc.

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Module 1: Overview of Vibration Control

Lecture 3: Active Vibration Cpntrol

Active Vibration Control as shown in this diagram involves design of suitable vibration sensors,
processing of sensory data and then feeding back necessary signal to the actuators for vibration control.

In a more abstract way the same could be depicted by a block diagram as shown here.

Figure: Block diagram of AVC system

where, r reference signal, e error signal, s-variable in the frequency domain, H Transfer function

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of the sensor, G Transfer function of the vibrating system, d- disturbance, G c - Transfer function of
the controller and y output/response of the system.

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Lecture 3: Active Vibration Cpntrol

Occasionally, if the nature of the disturbance is known then a feed-forward technique is adopted as
shown here.

Figure: Feed forward block diagram

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Module 1: Overview of Vibration Control

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Special cases: Shunting of mechanical energy to electrical energy

This involves transformation of vibrational energy by the piezoelectric material and designing a suitable
electrical network to dissipate this energy.

Figure: Equivalent electrical circuit

The piezoelectric patch is represented as a capacitor and a voltage source in series

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Module 1: Overview of Vibration Control

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Implementation of Controller: Inertial Actuator (Electro-mechanical System)

Figure: Inertial actuation system

With the advent of new technologies, actuators and sensors are getting miniaturized and integrated to
the structure. Thus, there is a transition from traditional active control to smart structure based active
control. A case study of helicopter rotor vibration control will illustrate this.

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Module 1: Overview of Vibration Control

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Electro-Hydraulic Actuator

Figure: Traditional Active control with Hydraulic Actuator

Figure: The Hydraulic Actuator

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Module 1: Overview of Vibration Control

Lecture 3: Active Vibration Cpntrol

Smart Structural Control

Figure: Smart structural control

Traditional active control can essentially control a finite number of vibrating modes of a continuous
system. This may create instability due to the unwanted excitation of the higher modes. Smart structural
control, on the other hand, is distributed in nature. It consumes less energy, gurantees stability and
could be integrated easily to the vibrating body.

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Module 1: Overview of Vibration Control

Lecture 3: Active Vibration Cpntrol

Comparison between two methods of AVC

Important issues related to AVC

Active Vibration Control (AVC) is important when there are stringent specifications on Performance and
Weight Savings .
Passive solutions are in general cheaper than AVC.
One should not consider that AVC will always give better performance and it can compensate for a bad
design. It should be considered as the last resort.
Feedback control can compensate external disturbance only in a limited band, outside the bandwidth
the disturbance is actually amplified.
Semi-active Vibration control is being considered as a trade-off solution.

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Module 1: Overview of Vibration Control

Lecture 3: Active Vibration Cpntrol

Reference
Moheimani and Fleming Piezoelectric Translators for Vibration Control and Damping, Spiringer
Moheimani , Halim and Fleming, Spatial control of vibration, Theory and Experiments, Series on
Stability, Control and Vibration of Systems
L. Meirovitch , Dynamics and Control of Structures
A. Preumont , Vibration Control of Active Structures : An Introduction, Kluwer Academic
D. J. Inman, Vibration with Control, Wiley

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