Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
MRIL
Registros Geofsicos
Baltazar Ponce
Asesor Tcnico de Registros
MARZO / 2014
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CONTENIDO
Generalidades de la Resonancia Magntica Nuclear (RMN)
Fsica de la RMN y Teora de la Medida
Propiedades RMN de los Fluidos en los yacimientos
Adquisicin de datos (MRIL Prime)
Procesamiento de la Seal
Aplicacin Bsica del Registro RMN
Job Planner
Metodologas de Procesamientos e Interpretacin
Herramientas de Resonancia Magntica Nuclear
Ejemplos
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MRI en la Medicina
Imagen
Seccin
Transversal
Delgada
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Solo los
Fluidos
son visibles
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MRI en el Petrleo
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MRScanner
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APLICACIONES
Cambios en Viscosidad
Porosidad Total
Porosidad Efectiva
Permeabilidad de la matriz
Distribucin de Tamao de Poro
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CONTENIDO
Generalidades de la RMN
Fsica de la RMN y Teora de la Medida
Propiedades RMN de los Fluidos en los yacimientos
Adquisicin de datos (MRIL Prime)
Procesamiento de la Seal
Aplicacin Bsica del Registro RMN
Job Planner
Metodologas de Procesamientos e Interpretacin
Herramientas de Resonancia Magntica Nuclear
Ejemplos
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La herramienta MRIL?
La herramienta de Imgenes de Resonancia
Magntica MRIL, es una herramienta que se
corre centralizada en Agujero Descubierto y
provee porosidad y otros parmetros petrofsicos
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seal
tiempo
pulso
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Corp., 1996
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La RESONANCIA
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Otro pulso de radiofrecuencia gira nuevamente los protones y una seal de menor
amplitud es registrada; y as continua el proceso a pasos controlados
El proceso se repite hasta que la amplitud del eco es muy pequea para ser medida
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Pulso de
radiofrecuencia
enviado por la
antena
Pulso
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T
2
TE
2t
90
pulse
180
pulse
6t
4t
180
pulse
180
pulse
8t
time, t
180
pulse
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35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5 0
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50
100
150
200
250
300
Como lo hace?
La amplitud de la seal, en el tiempo cero, es
proporcional a la cantidad (ndice) del hidrgeno
de los fluidos en los poros y esto es un indicador
de porosidad.
Mxima Amplitud
De la seal T2
Amplitud (up)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
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Como lo hace?
Por su parte, el decaimiento de la seal, provee
informacin acerca del tipo de fluido y su
interaccin con el espacio poroso.
Amplitud (up)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
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MRIL
Modelo Volumtrico
Fluidos Conductivos
Matriz &
Arcilla Seca
Agua
Ligada
a la Arcilla
Agua
Ligada
Capilar
Agua
Libre
Gas
MPHI
MCBW
MBVI
MRIL
Aceite
MFFI
PHIT
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MRIL
Magnetic
Resonance
Imaging Log
CTP
Arcilla / Porosidad Total
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CONTENIDO
Generalidades de la RMN
Fsica de la RMN y Teora de la Medida
Propiedades RMN de los Fluidos en los yacimientos (1)
Adquisicin de datos (MRIL Prime)
Procesamiento de la Seal
Aplicacin Bsica del Registro RMN
Job Planner
Metodologas de Procesamientos e Interpretacin
Herramientas de Resonancia Magntica Nuclear
Ejemplos
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Amplitud (up)
Mxima Amplitud
De la seal T2
35
35
30
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
0
-5 0
t
50
100
150
T2
200
250
300
-5 0
50
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100
150
200
250
300
T1 y T2
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Espectro en Tiempo -
T1
Slidos
Roca
Matriz
Fluidos
Agua
Ligada
Arcilla
Arcilla
Agua
Ligada
Capilar
Agua
Libre
Hidrocarburo
Hidrgeno Invisible
Polarizacin
(ideal)
0.3
Agua Libre
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Tiempo en seg.
10
T2 en funcin del
Tipo de Fluido
T2 en funcin del
Tamao de Poro
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10
100
1000
10000
1
1
1
= +
T1App T1Surface T1Bulk
Agua Ligada a
la Arcilla
Agua Capilar
Agua Libre
Aceite
Ligero
Gas
T2 (ms)
0.1
10
100
1000
10000
1
1
1
1
+
= +
T2 App T2Surface T2Bulk T2Diffusion
donde:
1
T2 Diffusion
Agua Ligada a
Agua Capilar
la Arcilla
Gas
Agua Libre
Aceite
Ligero
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D G TE
12
Solidos
Matriz
Seca
Arcilla
Seca
Agua
Ligada a
la Arcilla
Agua
Capilarmente
Ligada
Hidrogeno Invisible
T1
Hidrocarburo
Agua
Libre
Hidrogeno Visible
Agua Ligada
Agua Libre
Aceite Pesado
Aceite Ligero
Gas
Muy Corto
Longitud Media
Corto
Largo
Largo
( Dependiente de la Viscosidad
T2
Muy Corto
Longitud-Media
Corto
Largo
Corto
Do
Lento
Mediana
Lenta
Mediana
Muy Rapida
HI
1.0
Lenta
Muy Lenta
1.0
1.0
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CONTENIDO
Generalidades de la RMN
Fsica de la RMN y Teora de la Medida
Propiedades RMN de los Fluidos en los yacimientos (2)
Adquisicin de datos (MRIL Prime)
Procesamiento de la Seal
Aplicacin Bsica del Registro RMN
Job Planner
Metodologas de Procesamientos e Interpretacin
Herramientas de Resonancia Magntica Nuclear
Ejemplos
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Polarizacin
Decaimiento
(Magnetizacin)
(Relajacin)
Coeficiente de Difusin.
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El ndice de Hidrgeno
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Mecanismos de Relajacin
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Relajamiento
T2
1
=
T2A
1
+
T2B
1
+
T2S
1
T2D
Para agua:
T2B =
T2S =
T2D =
f (D0 , Te, G)
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Polarizacin T1
1
=
T1A
1
+
T1B
1
T1S
Para agua:
T2B ~ T1B
T1S
T2S ~
~ 1.5 - 3.0
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NO hay efecto de
Difusin en T1
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T1T2
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B0+d
Grain
B0+2d
B0+3d
Rock Grain
Pore
Rock Grain
Rock Grain
Cuando
(Frec y Temp)
(Activacin)
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Cuando
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En Resumen T2
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En Resumen T1
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Magntica
1H
entre
Relajamiento rpido en la
superficie del poro (S)
El espesor de la delgada pelcula
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CONTENIDO
Generalidades de la RMN
Fsica de la RMN y Teora de la Medida
Propiedades RMN de los Fluidos en los yacimientos
Adquisicin de datos (MRIL Prime)
Procesamiento de la Seal
Aplicacin Bsica del Registro RMN
Job Planner
Metodologas de Procesamientos e Interpretacin
Herramientas de Resonancia Magntica Nuclear
Ejemplos
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- FRECUENCIA
Diseo de Activacin
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Mo
M || to Bo
(componente
longitudinal)
Seg
Polarizacin
(Magnetizacin)
T1 = 400 mseg
0
TW
Mo
M ^ to Bo
(componente
transversal)
mseg
M exp time / T2
Decaimiento
(Relajacin)
T2 = 250 mseg
0
TE
TX
B1
Ne
Ecos
Campo RF
(Pulsos de Radio Frecuencia)
(Tren de Ecos)
0
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Tiempo, segundos
Adapted from Murphy, D.P., World Oil, April 1995
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T1 y T2
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mseg
Seg
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Medidas de T1
mseg
Seg
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Multi-frecuencia
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MRIL-Prime
Caractersticas
Agujero
9 Cilindros
Censados
760kHz
580kHz
~1
(1 mm de espesor
a 1 mm de espaciamiento)
24
Magnetmetros que
aceleran la Polarizacin
Beneficios:
16
250F
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MRIL Prime
Operacin dentro del Agujero
Volmenes
Censados
Zona Daada
Multifrecuencia
4 Tpico
Enjarre
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30
30
30
time [msec]
0
0
time [msec]
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30
30
0
0
tiempo [mseg]
1000
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30
0
30 0
30
0 0
30
time volume,
[msec] s = 1.4
single
8-volume, s = 0.5
0
30
0
30 0
30
time [msec]
time [msec]
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CONTENIDO
Generalidades de la RMN
Fsica de la RMN y Teora de la Medida
Propiedades RMN de los Fluidos en los yacimientos
Adquisicin de datos (MRIL Prime)
Procesamiento de la Seal
Aplicacin Bsica del Registro RMN
Job Planner
Metodologas de Procesamientos e Interpretacin
Herramientas de Resonancia Magntica Nuclear
Ejemplos
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Tren de Ecos
Seal BASICA
Amplitud (up)
20
10
-5
0
100
200
300
Tiempo (ms)
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400
Amplitud (up)
Mxima Amplitud
De la seal T2
35
35
30
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
0
-5 0
t
50
100
150
T2
200
250
300
-5 0
50
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100
150
200
250
300
Modelado Directo
TEORICO Puntual
T2 ms
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f = S pori . e -t/T2i
i=1
15 up
256 ms
Amplitud (up)
15
10 up
64 ms
10
10
5 up
16 ms
f = 30 up
35
15
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
1
10
100
1000
50
T2
(ms)
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100
150
200
250
300
f = S pori . e -t/T2i
i=1
15 up
256 ms
Amplitud (up)
15
10 up
64 ms
10
10
5 up
16 ms
f = 30 up
35
15
30
25
20
+ ruido
15
10
5
0
0
1
10
100
1000
50
T2
(ms)
100
150
200
250
300
Datos Spin-Eco
Amplitud (up)
S pori . e -t/T2i
25
Espectro
15
35
30
Espectro T2
i=1
20
15
10
5
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
FFI
BVI
12.0
10
6.0
5.0
5
3.0
4.5
2.0
0.5 0.5
0
1
10
t
T2i son pre-selecionados:
T2i = 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024 y 2048.
T2
100
1000
10000
T2 [ms]
Roca Saturada de Agua: rT2 = V/S
NUMAR Corp., 1995
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Echo 1 = A1e-t/4 + A2e-t/8 + A3e-t/16 + A4e-t/32 + A5e-t/64 + A6e-t/128 + A7e-t/256 + A8e-t/512 + Noise
Echo 2 = A1e-t/4 + A2e-t/8 + A3e-t/16 + A4e-t/32 + A5e-t/64 + A6e-t/128 + A7e-t/256 + A8e-t/512 + Noise
Echo 3 = A1e-t/4 + A2e-t/8 + A3e-t/16 + A4e-t/32 + A5e-t/64 + A6e-t/128 + A7e-t/256 + A8e-t/512 + Noise
Echo n = A1e-t/4 + A2e-t/8 + A3e-t/16 + A4e-t/32 + A5e-t/64 + A6e-t/128 + A7e-t/256 + A8e-t/512 + Noise
Log
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MRIL_MF-73
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Mtodo
Cutoff
CBVI
(Cutoff Bulk Volume Irreducible)
Corte del Volumen de Agua Irreducible
Cutoff BVI
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Arenas:
33ms
Carbonatos: 100ms
Mtodo
Espectral
SBVI
(Spectral Bulk Volume Irreducible)
Volumen de Agua Irreducible Espectral
BVI
FFI
Modelo SBVI:
En funcin de T2
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Fraccin Espectral
Mtodo
Espectral
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CONTENIDO
Generalidades de la RMN
Fsica de la RMN y Teora de la Medida
Propiedades RMN de los Fluidos en los yacimientos
Adquisicin de datos (MRIL Prime)
Procesamiento de la Seal
Aplicacin Bsica del Registro RMN
Job Planner
Metodologas de Procesamientos e Interpretacin
Herramientas de Resonancia Magntica Nuclear
Ejemplos
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MRI
Formacin Solo ve fluidos
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1
T2Surface
r2
Poros Grandes =
Razn de Decaimiento Lento
80
Incremental Porosity %
S
V
60
40
20
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Time (ms)
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Tamao de Poro vs T2: Valido solo con 100% de Agua (o un mismo fluido)
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Permeabilidad: 6.7md
35
30
Porosidad (PU)
25
20
15
10
-5
0
50
100
150
Tiempo (msec)
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200
250
Permeabilidad: 4200md
35
30
Porosidad (PU)
25
20
15
10
-5
0
50
100
150
Tiempo (msec)
You created this PDF from an application that is not licensed to print to novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
200
250
Comparacin
Porosidad de 36%
40
35
30
Porosidad (PU)
25
20
15
Perm: 4200md
10
Perm: 6.7md
0
-5
0
50
100
150
Tiempo (msec)
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200
250
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Sw = 100 %
Agua
T2
Sw < 100 %
Oil
T2
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MRIL_MF-88
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MRIL_MF-89
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MRIL_MF-90
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MRIL_MF-91
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10
100
1000
10000
1
1
1
= +
T1App T1Surface T1Bulk
Agua Ligada a
la Arcilla
Agua Capilar
Agua Libre
Aceite
Ligero
Gas
T2 (ms)
0.1
10
100
1000
10000
1
1
1
1
+
= +
T2 App T2Surface T2Bulk T2Diffusion
donde:
1
T2 Diffusion
Agua Ligada a
Agua Capilar
la Arcilla
Gas
Agua Libre
Aceite
Ligero
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D G TE
12
Solidos
Matriz
Seca
Arcilla
Seca
Agua
Ligada a
la Arcilla
Agua
Capilarmente
Ligada
Hidrogeno Invisible
T1
Hidrocarburo
Agua
Libre
Hidrogeno Visible
Agua Ligada
Agua Libre
Aceite Pesado
Aceite Ligero
Gas
Muy Corto
Longitud Media
Corto
Largo
Largo
( Dependiente de la Viscosidad
T2
Muy Corto
Longitud-Media
Corto
Largo
Corto
Do
Lento
Mediana
Lenta
Mediana
Muy Rapida
HI
1.0
Lenta
Muy Lenta
1.0
1.0
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BVI
FFI
K
;
2
kz S p
1 V
T2
r2 S
V
FFI
1
S
BVI
Sp
2
MRIL FFI
C BVI
0.1
1.0
10
100
1000
10000
Permeabilidad - Coates
FFI
C BVI
Ecuacin de Coates
K = Permeabilidad
= porosidad
FFI = ndice de Fluido Libre
BVI = Volumen de Agua Irreducible
C = Constante de Coates
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MRIL
Magnetic
Resonance
Imaging Log
Experimento Bsico
Grupo A
(Primeras Herramientas)
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MRIL
Magnetic
Resonance
Imaging Log
CTP
Porosidad Total / Arcilla
Experimento Bsico
Grupo A y C
(2 Generacin de Herramientas)
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MRIL
Magnetic
Resonance
Imaging Log
Doble Tiempo
de Espera (Tw)
8 & 1 seg
Experimento Bsico
Grupo A,B y C
(3 Generacin de Herramientas)
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MRIL
Magnetic
Resonance
Imaging Log
Doble Tiempo
de Espera (Tw)
8 & 1 seg
Experimento Bsico
Grupo A,B y C
(3 Generacin de Herramientas)
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CONTENIDO
Generalidades de la RMN
Fsica de la RMN y Teora de la Medida
Propiedades RMN de los Fluidos en los yacimientos
Adquisicin de datos (MRIL Prime)
Procesamiento de la Seal
Aplicacin Bsica del Registro RMN
Job Planner
Metodologas de Procesamientos e Interpretacin
Herramientas de Resonancia Magntica Nuclear
Ejemplos
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Y DE UNA ACTIVACION
- FRECUENCIA
Diseo de Activacin
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Activacin de 5 grupos
Para EDM
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Tw Largo
Tw Corto
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Te Corto
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Te Largo