SUMMER Remediation

lingva LATINA vii

Grammar
I, II, III

Lessons 1 2 3

Page 1

Quiz template: Lesson_____ Page _____ Nomen et Cognomen_________________________________

Fill in the chart with the vocab from this lesson

Word in Latin

Lessons 1 2 3

Part of Genitive
Speech Or
Principal Parts

Gender English meaning(s)

Page 2

Fill in the chart with the vocab from this lesson

Word in Latin

Lessons 1 2 3

Part of Genitive
Speech Or
Principal Parts

Gender English meaning(s)

Page 3

PARTS OF SPEECH (POS) and GRAMMAR TERMS that you must know!!!

noun: names a person, place, thing or idea

pronoun: a word that replaces a noun or noun phrase
verb: tells what a subject is or does; may be action or linking (also called state of being)
conjunction: a word or words that join words, phrases or clauses
adjective: describes a noun or pronoun
adverb: modifies a verb, adjective or other adverb; Big 3: where, when or how
preposition: words used before nouns or pronouns to form phrases which modify of verbs, nouns, or adjectives,
and that typically tell where, when or how, as in, on, by, to, since.
interjection: words expressing emotion such as Hey! Oh! Ouch! Oy!
articles: a, an, the Latin doesnt have any, but use them in English translations as logical.

There are other grammatical terms you will learn as we progress through our lessons.

case: there are five in Latin. You only need to know the nominative this lesson.
o they are used to identify the job a noun or pronoun does in a sentence.
o in Latin the endings of nouns and adjectives change to show the case.

declension: there are five in Latin. This lesson you will learn the first declension.
o They are nouns grouped according to the endings they use

gender: Latin nouns are masculine, feminine or neuter.

o You must memorize the gender of each noun as you learn its meaning.
o Inanimate nouns as well as animals must reflect gender. There is no it.

number: very simply, is a noun or verb singular or plural?

complement: a word or phrase used after a verb to complete a grammatical construction in the predicate and that
describes or is identified with the subject or object, as small in The house is small or president in They elected her
president.

predicate nominative: a noun which follows a state of being (SOB or linking) verb and equals the subject

predicate adjective: an adjective which follows a state of being (SOB or linking) verb and equals the subject

predicate: the group of words which says something about the subject, including the verb and everything
modifying the verb.

tense: the term used to identify the TIME in which an action occurs, such as Past, Present and Future; refers only
to VERBS

to parse to analyze (a word or sentence) in terms of grammatical parts, identifying the parts of speech, GNC, etc

clause: a group of words containing a subject and conjugated verb

o independent or main clause: can stand alone as a complete sentence
o dependent or subordinate clause: an incomplete thought that can not stand alone; a fragment.

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Part of Speech

Use

Examples

Noun

names people, places, things, woman, Iowa, corn,

ideas
freedom

Pronoun

replaces a noun

you, we, them, herself

Adjective

modifies a noun or pronoun

red, large, two

Verb

shows action or links

runs, ate could, is

Adverb

modifies a verb, adjective or

another adverb
answers where, when, how,
to what extent
relates a noun or pronoun to
another word
answers where, when, how

rapidly, well, somewhat,

very

Conjunction

joins words or groups of

words

and, but, or

Interjection

shows strong feeling

Ow! Alas! Hey!

Article

definite article = the

indefinite article = a, an

Preposition

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into, below, from, of

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Parts of a Sentence
In a sentence with an action verb, the following sentence patterns may occur :
S - AV
The dog ran.
S - AV - prepositional phrase ( preposition followed by a noun or pronoun, which is the object of the
preposition; modifiers may be included in the prep. phrase)
The dog ran under the car.
The dog ran into the deep, dark cave.
S - AV - DO (answers the question subject-verb-what?)The dog chased the cat. (The dog chased what? The
cat.)
S - AV - IO - DO (answers the question subject-verb-do- to or for whom or what?; and indirect object can only
be added in some situations and always comes before the direct object) The dog gave the cat a bite. (The dog
gave a bite to whom?)
Linking verbs include the forms of be and other verbs that show being, not action.
S - LV -PN ( The predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that is equal to the subject. Switch the two
around and the sentence will have the same meaning)
That woman is our senator. (woman and senator are the same person)
Our senator is that woman. (Both sentences are the same; it's not always that clear, but the trick always works)
S-LV-PA ( An adjective is usually followed by the noun it modifies. A predicate adjective is not followed by a
noun because it modifies the subject)
That woman is talented.
Our senator is a talented woman. (In this sentence, the word talented modifies woman, so it's just a regular
adjective and woman is a predicate nominative, a noun that equals the subject.)
Pronoun Usage
Nominative pronouns are used for the subject or predicate nominative. Nominative pronouns are:
he

she

it

we

they

who

Objective pronouns are used for objects (direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition). Objective
pronouns are:
him

her

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it

us

them

whom

me

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What are the subject and predicate of a sentence?

The subject is the person or thing that the sentence is about. If you are talking about the complete subject, then
you include the other words, if there are any, that describe that person or thing.
The predicate is what that person is doing or being (that word is called a verb), plus all the other words that
describe that doing or being (such as where, or when, or how it is done). Next we will look at each sentence
part more closely.
Subject:
It is the "do-er" or "be-er" of the verb. It is the person or thing that the sentence is about. If you are talking about
the complete subject, then you include all the other words (if any) that describe that person or thing. If you are
talking about the simple subject, then you pinpoint just the word that names the person or thing.
Example:
The dogs at the pet shop barked all night. (simple subject underlined; complete subject in red) It is dogs (the
dogs at the pet shop) that are doing the barking.
Predicate:
Now let us look at a predicate. A verb, sometimes called a simple predicate, is the word that tells the action (or
the "be-ing" -- the "be" words are am, is, are, was, were) in a sentence. Some verbs are walks, ran, dreamed,
think, hit.
A predicate (sometimes called a complete predicate) is the verb in a sentence, plus all the words that describe
it.
Example:
The dogs at the pet shop barked all night. (complete predicate in blue, simple predicate - or verb underlined) The verb or simple predicate tells what the dogs did, and the complete predicate includes other
information about what they did (in this case, when).
Usually in class when you are asked to determine the subject and predicate of a sentence, you are expected to
find the complete subject and the predicate. Here is another example, with the complete subject in red and the
predicate in blue:
A good student often asks questions about sentences.
Remember that all the words in a your sentence will be part of either the complete subject or the predicate. You
will not have any words left over!
What are complements?
You already know about the subject and verb of a sentence. Some sentences have a third part to their sentence
base, called a complement. (Notice the spelling of complement -- with an e -- it comes from a word that means
complete. This is not the kind of compliment -- with an i - that you give people when they have been good.)
Read the next two sentences, and note that the subject-verb of the first sentence seems complete in itself, but the
subject-verb of the second leaves you with a question of what?
A) Green grass was growing at the bottom of the tree trunk. The sentence base, grass was growing, has a
sense of completeness to it.
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B) I bought a new felt-tip pen. The sentence base, I bought, does not seem complete. You want to ask "I
bought what?"
The first sentence has no complement; the second one does. The complement (from the word complete) is the
what. The complement is pen.
You can know whether a sentence base has a complement very easily. All you do is ask the question: I bought
(subject -- verb) what? If there is an answer to that question, the answer is the complement of the sentence. (The
what may be a person or a thing.) If there is no answer, the sentence has no complement.
For example, try this sentence.
We ran to school this morning.
Step 1. The verb is ran.
Step 2. It is an action verb.
Step 3. Who/What ran? We is the subject.
Step 4. We ran what? There is no answer. There is no complement in this sentence. The sentence base is this:
We - ran.
Try this sentence. Somebody spanked me on my birthday.
Step 1. The verb is spanked.
Step 2. It is an action verb.
Step 3. Who/What spanked? Somebody is the subject.
Step 4. Somebody spanked what? Me is the complement. The sentence base is this: Somebody - spanked - me.
Try this sentence. I am a good person.
Step 1. The verb is am.
Step 2. It is a linking verb.
Step 3. Who/What am? I is the subject.
Step 4. I am what? Person is the complement. The sentence base is this: I - am - person
There are two main kinds of complements:
A) DIRECT OBJECT - Something happens to it.
This is the complement after an action verb. It receives the action of the verb. Me in the sentence Somebody
spanked me on my birthday, for example, receives the spanking action; me is a direct object.
B) SUBJECT COMPLEMENT - Nothing happens to it.
This is the complement after a linking verb. It receives no action because the verb has no action; it just renames
or describes the subject. Person in the sentence I am a good person, for example, receives no action; it renames
the subject. Person is a subject complement.
Examples:
Please open the window in the back of the room. Sentence base:
(You) - subject
open - verb
window - direct object
Something happens to the window. It gets opened by you.

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They are new members of the Honor Society. Sentence base:

They - subject
are - verb
members - subject complement
Nothing happens to the members. They are the same as the subject.
The best part of the movie is the title. Sentence base: Part (sub.) - is (v.) - title (sub. comp.)
If you have a subject complement, you might want to know more. There are two types of subject complement,
as illustrated in these two sentences:
1.You are a good student. Student is a subject complement. It is a noun/pronoun, and it renames the subject.
It is called a Predicate Nominative (or a Predicate Noun).
(Note: Good is an adjective, but it does not describe the subject; it describes the word after it, so it is not a
subject complement.)
2.You are smart. Smart is a subject complement. It is an adjective, and it describes the subject. It is called a
Predicate Adjective.
There is another little part of the sentence base called an indirect object. It causes more trouble than it ought
to. It is only a leftover object of a prepositional phrase that has lost its preposition. Look at the two sentences
below.
The glaring light gave a headache to the driver.
The glaring light gave the driver a headache.
The driver lost its preposition (to) in the second sentence because over the centuries people tend to make
language easier and simpler. So we had this noun (driver) sitting there and did not know what to call it.
Somebody suggested indirect object. That makes sense because it does receive the action of the verb, but not
directly. If there is an indirect object, it will be a noun or pronoun right after an action verb. (Note: It will never
be a possessive pronoun, such as our or your.)
Here are two more sentences with indirect objects: sister and me. Notice that they are right after the action verb,
and if there is the usual direct object, the indirect object comes before the direct object.
I bought my sister a new pen for her birthday. (for my sister) Pen is the direct object. Sister is the indirect
object.
That young lady just told me a really funny joke. (to me) Joke is the direct object. Me is the indirect object.
See if you can find the complements in these ten sentences. Remember that some sentences do not have
complements.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

The school bus arrived early today.

There are at least three windows in his room.
Somebody might have told the class that rumor.
Jeremiah is the best musician in the school.
The people at the party were all senior citizens.
The puppy in the pet store window looks lonesome.
John must have given you our new address.
I knocked my elbow on the railing this morning.

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9. There goes the fastest runner on the track team.

10. The winner of the race was she.
What is the difference between a predicate and a verb?
The verb -- the word that expresses action or being -- is the same thing as the simple predicate. Usually we use
the term "verb" here (because it is easier to say than "simple predicate").
The complete predicate (often called just "the predicate") includes the verb; it is the verb (or simple predicate)
plus all the other words that go with it.
For example:
John went to the store after school.
subject = John.
verb = went.
simple predicate = went.
complete predicate = went to the store after school.
How do you find the subject and verb of a simple sentence?
The sentence base is something like the framework of a house; it is the basic structure. It consists of a verb (the
action or "being" word), a subject (the "doer" of the verb), and sometimes a complement (a completing word).
Here are the steps to find the sentence base:
1. First, find the verb.
If it is an action verb, it will be a word like the following:
go, went, will study, thought, have been trying, find, may see, believed....
If it is a linking (or "being") verb, it will be some part of the verb to be:
am, is, are, was, were, will be, have been, was being;
or a verb with no action, which is very much like the "to be" verbs above:
seemed, feels, looks, tasted, will become....
2. Then find the subject.
Ask who or what is doing (or being) in the sentence. It will be a noun or
pronoun. The word that is the subject will be a person or a thing.
SAMPLES: FIND THE VERB AND SUBJECT IN EACH SENTENCE BELOW:
a. Birds fly.
(The verb is fly. What's doing the flying is birds, the subject. This sentence base is the whole
sentence. This sentence has no extra words.)
b. During her morning train ride, my aunt works on a lapboard computer.
(The verb is works. The doer, or subject, is aunt. This sentence base is the basic structure of the
sentence. This sentence has extra words besides its basic structure.)
In each of these sentences, you will notice that although you found the verb and then the subject, the sentence
base makes sense if you say the subject and then the verb: Birds fly. Aunt works.
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Sometimes the subject of the sentence is you, implied (It is not stated). If I say: "Raise your hand," you know I
mean whomever I am talking to (You raise your hand). This implied subject (always you) occurs in imperative
sentences like those below:
Please wait for me. (YOU - wait)
Open my present first. (YOU - open)
Sometimes the subject of the sentence comes after the verb. This often occurs in sentences thatbegin with "Here
is..." or "There goes..." or "Where are..."
Where are the chocolate-chip cookies? (Cookies - are)
Here is the best uncle in the world. (Uncle - is)
Words like here, there, and where cannot be subjects. They are not doers; they are not nouns or pronouns.
Sometimes the verb is more than one word. Helping verbs are sometimes needed to provide a specific time or
condition of a verb. They are considered to be part of the verb.
a. I have known them for at least six years.
b. They will be going to college next September.
c. He could not finish his science project.
Common helping verbs include can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), must; any form of have,
any form of be, and any form of do.
If your sentence is interrogative, the subject may be in the middle of the verb:
Are you coming with us or not? (You - are coming)
Directions for the ten sentences below:
Find the subject and verb of each sentence.
Sample: The best part (subject) of the movie is (verb) the title. ("Of the movie" is a prepositional phrase. Words
that are part of a prepositional phrase are NEVER part of the sentence base.)
COVER THE ANSWERS BELOW TO SEE IF YOU CAN DO THIS.
1. The school bus arrived early today.
2. There are at least three windows in his room.
3. Somebody might have told the class that rumor.
4. Jeremiah is the best musician in the school.
5. The people at the party were all senior citizens.
6. The puppy in the pet store window looks lonesome.
7. John must have given you our new address.
8. I knocked my elbow on the railing this morning.
9. There goes the fastest runner on the track team.
10. Has anybody seen the new Robin Williams movie?

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Latin 7 L 1 Grammar Study Guide

Nomen et Cognomen_________________________________

1. Type of word that names persons, places, things or ideas is a _________________________

2. The person or the thing that performs the action of a sentence is the ______________________.
3. The subject agrees with the _____________________________.
4. The part of the sentence that shows the action or links to a noun or adjective is the ___________________.
5. The subject of a sentence is in the ___________________________ case.
6. There are three genders for nouns in Latin. These are _______________________,
___________________________ and ___________________________.
7. The number of a noun indicates whether it is ______________________ or ____________________.
8. Latin nouns are divided into groups called _______________________________.
9. Most nouns of the first declension are ________________________ (name the gender.)
10. A noun that follows the verb and is the same thing as the subject is called the
_____________________

___________________________

11. Predicate nominatives and predicate adjectives are called _____________________________.

In each of the following sentences put one line under the subject and a circle around the verb. Put a box around
any predicate nominatives. Put two lines under all predicate adjectives.
1. Frank caught the largest tuna on the ship.
2. The slightly stale chocolate cake disappeared from the fridge.
3. My history homework took me all evening.
4. Jims Cheshire cat will be three years old next Tuesday.
5. Peanut butter and jelly sandwiches usually are a good lunch for kids.
6. I am a very good second baseman.
7. Do you really want pizza for breakfast?
8. The four drawer file cabinet just arrived in my classroom.
9. The evening was cold and windy.
10. Jim will not cut that advertisement from the newspaper.

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Remember from Lesson 1 that we learned that there are five cases in Latin, and that the NOMINATIVE was
used for the subject, predicate nominative and predicate adjective?
Viae in Italia sunt. (Subject)
Britannia est insula. (PN)
Aqua est bona. (PA)

Well, now we add the ACCUSATIVE for a different type of complement!!! The Direct Object of a
sentence will be in this new case.
The direct object receives the action of the verb. It answers Whom or What.
For each of the following sentences, circle the verb and decide whether it is an action verb or a state of
being verb. Then, find the complement and decide whether it is a predicate nominative (underline once)
or a direct object (underline twice).
Finally, imagine you were going to translate the complement into Latin. What would be its number? its
case?
number

case

1. My big brother loves the smell of tar.

_________

_________

2. Two cats spotted the fireman on the tree limb.

_________

_________

3. My great uncle was the first mayor of Ionia.

_________

_________

4. The wild horse trampled the gate to pieces.

_________

_________

5. Fenton has been a freshman for three years.

_________

_________

6. By next week the Red Sox will have lost the pennant.

_________

_________

7. From far away I heard the sound of whistling.

_________

_________

8. Tom loves cheese, crackers and iced tea.

_________

_________

9. He is always a man of his word.

_________

_________

10. Hubert did not understand the second problem.

_________

_________

Case

Singular _____ __________

Plural

Nominative

insul_______

insul_______

Genitive

insul_______

insul_______

Dative

insul_______

insul_______

Accusative

insul_______

insul_______

Ablative

insul_______

insul_______

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Lesson 2: Worksheet #2
1. Familiae aquam bonam amant.
What is the case of aquam? ________________________________
What is the pos of bonam? ________________________________
What is the number of the verb? ________________________________
2. Silva et aqua bonae sunt.
What is the number of bonae? ________________________________
What is the case of bonae? ________________________________
What is the complete subject. ________________________________
3. Puella pupam portat.
What is the direct object? ________________________________
How do you know? ________________________________
What is its case? ________________________________
4. Insulae magnae sunt.
What is the predicate adjective? ________________________________
What is its case? ________________________________
What does magnae mean? ________________________________
5. Puellae magnas silvas non amant.
What is the case of silvas? ________________________________
What is the number of silvas? ________________________________
6. Familia duram terram non amat.
What is the adverb? ________________________________
What is the subject? ________________________________
What is its gender? ________________________________
7. Insula et via parvae sunt.
What is the declension of insula and via? ________________________________
What is the number of parvae? ________________________________
What is its case? ________________________________
What does it mean? ________________________________
8. Ana puella est.
What is the predicate nominative? ________________________________
What does puella mean? ________________________________
9. Vitoria et Diana puellae magnae sunt.
What is the conjunction? ________________________________
What does it mean? ________________________________
Is there a PN or a PA? What is it? ________________________________
10. Terram et aquam amant.
What is the case of terram and aquam? ________________________________
What does amant mean? ________________________________
What is the complete subject? ________________________________

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Latin 7 L2 Worksheet #3
Translate from English into Latin. Then translate the whole sentence back into English.
Read the following guidelines before you start.
A) Always find the verb first. Be careful that the verbs agree (singular or plural) with their SUBJECT.
B) Be careful that the adjectives agree with the nouns they modify.
C) Be careful to decide what kind of complement you have (p.n., p.a. or d.o.)
If you have a linking verb (form of to be) then pn or pa.
If a transitive (action) verb, then d.o.
D) Be careful to choose carefully whether the nouns are in the nominative or accusative case.
1. _________________________ portant aquam. (Girls)
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Puellae non ___________________ aquam. (carry)
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Puellae non portant ________________________. (earth)
________________________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________ non sunt magnae in Sicilia. (Forests)
________________________________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________ non sunt in Hispania. (Large islands)
________________________________________________________________________________
6. Puellae _____________________ portant pupam. (dont)
________________________________________________________________________________
7. Insulas _______________________ amant. (small)
________________________________________________________________________________
8. Sunt ________________________ viae. (large)
________________________________________________________________________________
9. Est vita ________________________? (hard)
________________________________________________________________________________
10. Fama et fortuna __________________________ sunt. (great)
________________________________________________________________________________
11. Sicilia et Sardinia _____________________________ sunt. (islands)
________________________________________________________________________________
12. Familiae puellas _____________________ amant. (good)
________________________________________________________________________________
13. Puellae _____________________ bonam amant. (life)
________________________________________________________________________________
14. In Europa silvae magnae sunt _________________________ in Antarctica non sunt. (but)
________________________________________________________________________________
15. Familiae aquam bonam ________________________________. (like)
________________________________________________________________________________

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Lesson 3 Grammar Basics 1.

1. There are __________principal parts for each verb in Latin.
2. The verb expresses the whole__________________ or part of it.
3. The term we use to indicate past, present or future of a verb is called the ____________________.
4. Verbs have ____________persons in both the singular and plural.
5.

The English pronoun that corresponds to the first person singular is__________.

6.

The English pronoun that corresponds to the second person singular is __________.

7. The English pronouns that corresponds to the third person singular are_________, _______ and
_________.
8. The English pronoun that corresponds to the first person plural is ___________.
9. The English pronoun that corresponds to the second person plural is__________.
10. The English pronoun that corresponds to the third person plural is______________.
11. ______________ _______________ go at the end of the verb to what the subject is.
12. In English, the infinitive is introduced by what preposition?___________
13. In Latin, the present infinitive is indicated in all regular verbs by what ending?___________
14. How many tenses are formed with the present stem of a verb?_____________
15. Latin verbs are divided into four classes called _____________________.
16. How many present tenses are there in English? _____________________.
17. Give an example of all of these present tenses of the verb to play with the subject of we.
_______________________________________________________
18. How may present tenses are there in Latin?________________________
19. Give an example of the present tenses(s) in Latin. _________________________________
20. Now translate the Latin verb you chose for 19 and translate it the correct number of ways into English.
__________________________________________________________________

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Conjugating Verbs
Remember that while a declension is a family of Latin nouns, a conjugation is a family
of Latin verbs. There are four conjugations in Latin.
To conjugate a verb means to run it through its various forms in a specific tense.
Setting up the process of conjugating always begins in this way in English:
Verb: ____________________

Tense: ___________________________________

S
1st Person
2nd Person
3rd Person

I
you
he,she,it

PL
we
you
they

Nowjust plug in the specific verb forms for that tense. Try the process with the verbs
talk, carry, pass and magnify in the present tense. What do you notice about the third
person singular?

Principal Parts- English has Four Principal Parts to all verbs. They are the
building blocks for all of the forms which the verb may use. They are
Present
love

Present Participle
(is) loving

Past
loved

Past Participle
(has) loved

Remember: If an English verb forms its Past with an ed we call it a regular verb,
if not, its an irregular verb. (What about run, talk, give, push??)
Latin also has principal parts for its verbs. They are
Present
amo

Infinitive
amare

Perfect
amavi

Perfect Passive
amatus

To conjugate the verb amo in the present tense, focus on the 1st Principal Part. Use the
following chart of Latin verb endings (refer to these as person endings):
S
PL
st
1 Per.
I
= o
we = mus
2nd Per.
you
= s
you = tis
3rd Per. he,she,it = t
they = nt
and the following recipe: To conjugate a verb in the present tense take the 1st Principal Part, knock off the
o, add the magic letter a, and then the person ending.
The conjugation of amo in the present now looks like this:
1st Per.
2nd Per
Lessons 1 2 3

S
amo
amas

PL
amamus
amatis
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3rd Per.

amat

amant

The same pattern would work with any verb of the 1st conjugation.
Finally: Note that we have three forms of the present tense in English: the Simple Present, the Progressive
Present, and the Emphatic Present.
e.g I love, I am loving, I do love.
They would all be translated by the same word in Latin: amo. If you were going from
Latin to English, any of the three English translations would be correct.

Translate each of the following:

1. paras______________________

16. I do watch__________________

2. amat______________________

17. Laborare___________________

3. portamus___________________

18. You(s) do carry______________

4. spectatis____________________

19. To look at__________________

5. we are getting________________

20. She is working______________

6. they do work_________________

21. They are carrying____________

7. amat________________________

22. Est_______________________

8. laboras______________________

23. We do like_________________

9. I am watching________________

24. Amare____________________

10. sunt________________________

25. They get ready_____________

11. you(s)look at_________________

26. You(s)prepare_____________

12. to get_______________________

27. Spectas__________________

13. portant______________________

28. They like_________________

14. I am working_________________

29. Portatis__________________

15. spectamus___________________

30. Laborat __________________

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Pars I .Answer the following questions about the sentences below.

A. The happy cat has caught another wee mousie in the linen closet.
1. What is the complete subject? _________________________________
2. What is the complete predicate?

_________________________________

B. My friend and Alawischus will always be stellar students of Latin.

3. What is the predicate nominative? _________________________________
4. What is the complete subject? _________________________________
5. What is the complete predicate?

_________________________________

C. Susan is lazy and really quite unpleasant.

6. What is the predicate adjective(s)? _________________________________
D. Pompeii est in Italia et Italia est in Europae.
7. What is the pos (part of speech) of est? _________________________________
8. What is the pos of et? _________________________________
E. Viae in aqua sunt.
9. What is the verb? _________________________________
10. What declension is viae? _________________________________
11. What is its gender? _________________________________
12. What is its case? _________________________________
F. Britannia et Sicilia et Sardinia non paeninsulae sunt.
13. What is the function or job of paeninsulae? _________________________________
14. What is the complete subject? _________________________________
15. What is the number of the verb? _________________________________

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Pars II Complete the translation of each of the following sentences by writing the bold words in Latin.
16. There are forests.

______________silvae.

17. The street is not in the water.

______________ non est in aqua.

18. There are islands in Graecia.

______________ in Graecia sunt.

19. Capri is an island but Asia is not an island.

20. Spain and Italy are peninsulas.

Capri insula est ______________ Asia insula non est.

Hispania ______________ Italia paeninsulae sunt.

Pars III Match the definitions.

21. number

a. masculine, feminine, neuter

22. nominative

b. a noun that follows a verb and is the same as the subject

23. predicate adjective

c. singular or plural

24. case

d. shows action or links the subject to a complement

25. declension

e. names a person, place, thing or idea

26. verb

f. an adjective that follows a verb and is the same as the subject

27. gender

g. the case in which the subject of as sentence is.

28. noun

h. a category of Latin nouns that shares a pattern of case endings, roughly

based on gender

29. predicate nominative

i. identifies the job a noun or pronoun does in a sentence

30. adverb

j. tells where, when or how

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Pars I Find and assess the complement. On the first line tell what kind of complement it is (p.n., p.a., d.o.) we
have. On the second line tell what case the complement would be in. (20 points)
Type of Comp.
Case
1. I often shave my yak.

__________________

_________________

2. Yesterday Frank ate a large worm.

__________________

_________________

3. Your comment was the final straw.

__________________

_________________

4. On my birthday I am always happy.

__________________

_________________

5. Angela has been a good friend to the family.

__________________

_________________

6. Their shortstop will be sore tomorrow.

__________________

_________________

7. I just got some fresh tofu ice cream.

__________________

_________________

8. The shoe hit the side of the barn.

__________________

_________________

9. Next Tuesday will be my Saint Day.

__________________

_________________

10. I finally saw the Mustard Hall of Fame.

__________________

_________________

Pars II: Answer the following questions about each sentences. (20 points)
1. Puellae bonam fortunam amant.
What is the subject?

_____________________________________

Is it singular or plural?

_____________________________________

What is the case of fortunam?

_____________________________________

How do you know?

_____________________________________

What is its job or function?

_____________________________________

2. Familiae vitam et famam bonas amant.

What is the complete direct object?

_____________________________________

Is it singular or plural?

_____________________________________

What is the pos of bonas?

_____________________________________

Is it singular or plural?

_____________________________________

3. Insulas magnas amant sed silvam parvam non amant.

What is the verb?

_____________________________________

What is its number?

_____________________________________

What is the subject?

_____________________________________

What is the pos of non?

_____________________________________

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4. Puellae magnae puellas parvas portant.

What noun does magnae modify?

_____________________________________

What is its case?

_____________________________________

What noun is in the accusative case?

_____________________________________

5. Via Appia magna via est.

What is the predicate nominative?

_____________________________________

Is the verb action or linking?

_____________________________________

What declension is via?

_____________________________________

What is its gender?

_____________________________________

Pars III Translate each of the following sentences into good English. Remember that you may insert articles
when necessary. (40 points)
1. Vita est dura in Sicilia et viae non bonae sunt. (8)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Familiae fama et fortuna bonae amant. (5)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Est aqua in Antarctica, sed silvae non sunt in Antarctica. (6)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Pars IV Translate each of the following English sentences into Latin.
1. The water and the land in Sicily are not great. (6)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Large families do not love the small roads. (6)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The good girls carry water, but they do not like the land. (9)
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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Add the logical endings as required by the sentence.

1. Sicilia et Sardinia sunt insul_________.
2. Italia est paeninsul________.
3. Terr_____ dur______ non laboro.
4. Non sunt agricol_________ bon ________ in Antarctica.
5. Amamus vi______ et silv_______ in Italia.
6. Est aqu________ in Italia?
7. Claudius et Claudia famili _______ nov_________ (sg) spect_________.

Provide the element indicated in parentheses.

7. My friend is a(n) ______________________________________ (predicate nominative)
8. Hans and Franz seem __________________________________(predicate adjective)
9. _______________________________ is in the barn. (subject noun)
10. My neighbors ______________________________ the dog. (action verb)

In each of the following sentences put one line under the subject and a circle around the verb. Put a box around
any predicate nominatives. Put two lines under all predicate adjectives. Put a triangle around all direct objects.
1. The small puppy watched the fat cat eat his food.
2. The women are teachers at a great Jesuit school, McQuaid Jesuit High School.
3. She regularly provides financial support to her struggling offspring.
4. Do you want to be a cowboy?
5. We all love the smell of the spices in Indian food.
6. The savage parrot chewed through the bars of the cage.
7. The chosen baseball team will win the World Series.
8. Posada is a phenomenal catcher and a reliable hitter,
9. The students who study are amazed with their success.
10. My twisted brother loves the taste of dog biscuits.

Lessons 1 2 3

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