Los conectores o conjunciones son palabras que usamos para unir dos o

ms frases o dos palabras dentro de la misma oracin. Aqu tienes los

conectores ms comunes agrupados en categoras.
Copulativosand, not only but also , not only but as well, both
and , no sooner than
Disyuntivosor, either or , neither nor , whether or , else,
otherwiseCondicionalesif, whether, unless, provided, providing, as long as,
in case, in case ofConcesivosalthough, though, even though, even if,
despite, in spite of, not even if, regardless ofConclusivostherefore, hence,
thus, so, consequentlyContinuativosthen, moreover, furthermore, besides,
in addition toAdversativosbut, however, nonetheless, yet, still, on the
other hand, instead, instead of, on the contraryCausalesbecause, for,
because of, as a result of, due to, owing to, since, asComparativosas, as
as , not as as , not so as , just as so , as if, as
thoughFuncionalesso, so that, so as to, so as not to, in order to

because of - debido a

They stayed in because of the bad weather.

Ellos se quedaron en casa debido al mal tiempo.
She can not play sports because of her illness.
Ella no puede hacer deportes debido a su enfermedad.

as - puesto que, ya que

She failed to pass the exam, as she made many mistakes.

No pudo pasar el examen, puesto que cometi muchos errores.
They couldn't find us, as they didn't have our address.
No pudieron encontrarnos, ya que no tenan nuestra direccin.

Causales: because, for, because of, as a result of, due to, owing to, since,
as Comparativos: as, as as , not as as , not so as , just as so , as if,
as though
Funcionales: so, so that, so as to, so as not to, in order to

therefore: por lo tanto

consequently: por consiguiente

but: pero

Causales (Cause)
Como su propio nombre indica, los conectores causales, muestran la
causa de algo:

Because/because of /bkz//bkz v/: Porque

Therefore /ef/ Por lo tanto, entonces

Since /sns/: puesto/ya que

As a result/ as a consequence /z rzlt/: Por eso (como

resultado/como consecuencia).
In order to /n d tu/: Para/ con tal de.

Ejemplo:
I dont like going to the beach in the summer because its always
crowded. As a result,sometimes people are sitting very
close. Therefore, you can listen to their conversations. You can even
smell their sunscreen lotion. In order to avoid the crowd, I go to the
beach after 6pm.
(No me gusta ir a la playa en verano porque siempre est lleno de gente
y, como consecuencia, la gente se sienta muy cerca. Por lo tanto, puedes
escuchar sus conversaciones. Incluso puedes oler su protector solar. Con tal
de evitar la aglomeracin, voy a la playa a partir de las seis de la tarde.)

CONECTORES CAUSALES:
Indican una relacin de causa y efecto entre las frases o ideas. Los ms comunes son:
because (porque), for (por), because of (debido), as a result of (como resultado de),
due to (debido a), owing to (debido a), since (ya que), as (como).

Because I am in love with Jenny, I will marry her.

(Porque estoy enamorado de Jenny, me casar con ella)

I left smoking for my children.

(Dej de fumar por mis hijos)
I feel uncomfortable because of my body.
(Me siento incmoda debido a mi cuerpo)
She was fired as a result of her poor performance.
(Ella fue despedida como resultado de su bajo rendimiento)
The plane is delayed due to the bad weather.
(El avin est demorado debido al mal clima)

THE PASSIVE VOICE

La Voz Pasiva
THE PASSIVE
TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE
PRESENT SIMPLE Tourists visit the castle The castle is visited by the tourists
PAST SIMPLE Tourists visited the castle The castle was visited by the tourists
FUTURE SIMPLE Tourists will visit the castle the castle will be visited by the
tourists
PRESENT CONTINUOUS Tourists are visiting the castle The castle is being
visited by the tourists
PAST CONTINUOUS Tourists were visiting the castle The castle was being
visited by the tourists
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE Tourists have visited the castle The castle has
been visited by the tourists
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE Tourists had visited the castle The castle had been
visited by the tourists
MODALS Tourists should visit the castle The castle should be visited by the
tourists
MODAL PERFECT Tourists should have visited the castle The castle should
have been visited by the
tourists
FORMA:

Se forma con el verbo to be + el participio del verbo principal.

ACTIVE: They make these cars in Japan.
PASIVE: These cars are made in Japan.
Al transformar una oracin activa en pasiva, se producen una serie de
cambios. El Objeto de la
oracin activa se convierte en el sujeto de la oracin pasiva. El verbo en la
oracin pasiva se pone
en el mismo tiempo que el de la voz activa y finalmente, el que era sujeto
de la voz activa se
convierte en complemento agente (precedido por by) en la oracin pasiva.
Sujeto Verbo Objeto

Activa:

Pasiva:
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT / IES FRANCISCO DE QUEVEDO
1
Cervantes wrote Don Quixote
Don Quixote was written by CervantesLos verbos modales (can, must, have
to, should, etc) y la forma going to no pueden ponerse
en pasiva ya que no tienen participio.En estos casos, es el infinitivo que va
detrs el que se pone
en pasiva:
He had to abandon the house > The house had to be abandoned.
The family is going to sell their house > Their house is going to be sold.
You can do it easily > It can be done easily.
El uso de la voz pasiva es muy frecuente e ingls. Se utiliza sobre todo
cuando nos interesa
ms la accin realizada que el sujeto que la realiza, bien porque ste es
desconocido, es poco
importante o no se quiere nombrar.

Tambin se suele usar la pasiva cuando el sujeto de la oracin activa es un

pronombre persona
(we, they, etc), nobody, somebody, etc.
They discovered the truth > The truth was discovered. (Lo importante es la
accin, no quin la hizo)
Someone broke the glass > The glass was broken. (No se sabe quin lo ha
roto)
Cuando se quiere nombrar al sujeto de la oracin activa, este se utiliza
como complemento
agente en la oracin pasiva precedido de la preposicin by.
Shakespeare wrote hamlet > Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
Picasso painted that picture > That picture was painted by Picasso.
Si el sujeto de la oracin activa es un pronombre personal (I, you, he, she, it,
we, you, they), al
pasarla a pasiva debes cambiarlo por su correspondiente pronombre objeto
(me, you, him, her, it,
us, you, them) ya que va detrs de la preposicin by. No obstante, cuando el
sujeto de la activa es
un pronombre personal no se suele poner como complemento agente en la
pasiva.
He will inform everybody > Everybody will be informed (by him)
ACTIVA CON 2 OBJETOS.
Si la oracin activa tiene dos objetos (objeto directo y objeto indirecto)
pueden hacerse dos
pasivas; una con el objeto directo como sujeto de la oracin pasiva y otra
con el objeto indirecto
como sujeto de la oracin pasiva. La ms comn de las dos es que que toma
como sujeto pasivo el
objeto indirecto de la oracin activa.
ACTIVA: They offered Harry a good job
PASIVA 1: Harry was offered a good job.
PASIVA 2: A good job was offered to Harry.
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT / IES FRANCISCO DE QUEVEDO

2Como hemos mencionado anteriormente, la primera es la ms comn.

Fijat, adems, como cuando se utiliza como sujeto de la pasiva el objeto
directo, al poner el
objeto indirecto, ste ir precedido de to.
Entre los verbos que admiten esta estructura cabe destacar: give, send,
show, lend, ask, tell,
order y pay.
They didnt lend us any money > We werent lent any money.
No nos prestaron dinero
They have paid me a lot of money this time > I have been paid a lot of
money this time.
Me han pagado mucho dinero esta vez
OTROS USOS DE LA PASIVA.
La pasiva puede emplearse tambin, con verbos como say, think, report,
know, believe, etc. En
estos casos, y en estructuras como las que veremos a continuacin,
podemos formar dos tipos
diferentes de pasiva.
ACTIVA: Experts say that this house dates back to the 12th century.
PASIVA 1: It is said that this house dates back to the 12th century.
PASIVA 2: This house is said to date back to the 12th century.
ACTIVA: They believe (that) this sword belonged to King Arthur.
PASIVA 1: It is believed that this sword belonged to King Arthur.
PASIVA 2: This sword is believed to have belonged to King Arthur.
ACTIVA: They thought (that) the flowers had arrived from Holland.
PASIVA 1: It was thought that the flowers had arrived from Holland.
PASIVA 2: The flowers were thought to have arrived from Holland.

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advice
an opinion that someone offers you about what you should do or how you
should act in a particular situation:Steven gave me some good
advice.I think I'll take your advice (= do what you suggest) and get
the greendress.Can I give you a piece of advice?I need some
advice on which computer to buy.[+ to infinitive] My advice is to go by train.We
went to Paris on Sarah's advice.
More examples

Grammar
Advice or advise?Advice /dvs/ is a noun and means a suggestion about what
someone should do. It is uncountable:
10 examples of bad career advice

Thinking about tapping your colleagues for advice on how to get ahead? You may
want to reconsider. According to survey by The Creative Group, a division of Robert
Half staffing, nearly six in 10 advertising and marketing executives said they have
received bad career advice from coworkers. Another 54 percent have been steered
in the wrong direction by their bosses.
Survey respondents were asked to describe the worst career advice they have ever
received. Kristen Johnson, branch manager of the Creative Group, provides a
rundown of some of the most misguided suggestions that came their way.

1. "Take this job for now, even if you don't want it."
Why it's bad advice: Unless you are desperate for an income, taking a job you
really don't want is not a good career move; if you stay short-term, you could be
labeled a "job-hopper." Plus, you may not be very motivated or satisfied in a job you
don't like. Always take time to weigh the pros and cons before accepting any job
offer and consider whether it's a position you truly want.
2. "You're good at science and math. You should be an engineer."

Why it's bad advice: Just because you're good at something, doesn't mean you
will find it meaningful or engaging. Yes, you need to be good at what you do, but
you also must enjoy it. The people closest to you have different perspectives about
what's important in life - and what should be important to you. When
contemplating advice, be sure to differentiate between the ambitions others may
have for you and your own.
3. "Do whatever pays the most."
Why it's bad advice: We all know money doesn't buy happiness. Although you
want to be paid enough to live comfortably, a paycheck isn't the only reason you
should choose a certain career. When you're considering a new job, don't be blinded
by dollar signs.
There are many other things to consider, including the company's reputation, its
corporate culture, the benefits package, work/life balance and what advancement
opportunities the position might offer later on.
5. "Stay at your dead-end job."
Why it's bad advice: A dead-end job curtails your ability to learn, grow, and
achieve. Although you shouldn't constantly search for greener postures, if you've
reached an impasse in your career, it's time to look for a new direction.
If you feel you're at a dead end, it's time to reassess your strengths and capabilities
and determine what you'd like to get out of your next job. Do some research, start
networking and examine all the possibilities before you launch the search for your
next position.
4. "Don't buck the system. Just go with the status quo."
Why it's bad advice: The world is rapidly changing, and everyone must adapt. If
you want a leadership position at a company, you should question the status quo
and look for more efficient or productive ways of doing business. If you think
outside of the box and take on different and new projects, you will be noticed and
hopefully rewarded down the road.

Complex Sentence Examples

A complex sentence contains an independent clause and at
least one dependent clause. An independent clause can stand
alone as a sentence and makes a complete thought and
a dependent clause can not stand alone, even though it has a
subject and a verb.

Complex Sentences from Everyday

Life
The independent clause in each of the following sentences is
underlined:

Because my coffee was too cold, I heated it in the

microwave.
Though he was very rich, he was still very unhappy.
She returned the computer after she noticed it was
damaged.
When the cost goes up, customers buy less clothing.
As she was bright and ambitious, she became manager
in no time.
Wherever you go, you can always find beauty.
The movie, though very long, was still very enjoyable.
Evergreen trees are a symbol of fertility because they do
not die in the winter.
The actor was happy he got a part in a movie although
the part was a small one.
The museum was very interesting as I expected.
Because he is rich, people make allowance for his
idiosyncrasies.
The professional, who had been thoroughly trained, was
at a loss to explain.
When she was younger, she believed in fairy tales.
After the tornado hit the town, there was little left
standing.
I have to save this coupon because I dont have time to
shop right now.
Lets go back to the restaurant where we had our first
date.
Although my cousin invited me, I chose not to go to the
reunion.
As genes change over time, evolution progresses.
I really didnt like the play although the acting was very
good.
Everyone laughed when he got a cream pie smashed in
his face.
After twenty years, he still had feelings for her.

Some people tell me that money cant buy happiness.

Complex Sentences from Literature

If a man does not keep pace with his companions,

perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Henry David Thoreau
The Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman stood up in a
corner and kept quiet all night, although of course they
could not sleep. - L. Frank Baum
Because he was so small, Stuart was often hard to find
around the house. - E.B. White
He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear
him crow. - George Eliot
No man, in all the procession of famous men, is reason
or illumination, or that essence we were looking for; but is
an exhibition, in some quarter, of new possibilities. - Ralph
Waldo Emerson
The path to my fixed purpose is laid on iron rails, on
which my soul is grooved to run. - Herman Melville

a causa de :because of
como resultado de:as a result of
oposicin: opposition
aunque: althoung
a pesar de: despite
el hecho de que: the fast that
sin embargo: neverthese
contrastar: contrast
mientras: whereas
mientras:while
por otra parte:on the other hand
desemejante: unlike
comparacin: comparison
justas: justas