FORCE

REACTION

MOMENT
10Statics
Force / Reaction / Moment

Copyright G G Schierle, 2011 Prof Schierle

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1 #

Force vs. Moment

1
2

Force (vertical)
Force (horizontal)
Force is an action that tends to:
change the shape of an object
move an object
change the motion of an object
US units: # (pound), kip (1 k=1000 #)
SI units: N (Newton), kN (kilo-Newton=1000 Newton)

Moment
An action that tends to:
rotate an object
turn an object
bend an object (bending moment)
M = P L (Force x lever arm)
(lever arm perpendicular to force)
US units: #, k, #, k
SI units: N-m (Newton-meter), kN-m

10Statics
Force / Reaction / Moment

Copyright G G Schierle, 2011 Prof Schierle

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2 #

Static Equilibrium
1

H=0
(Sum of horizontal forces = 0)
- 100 + 100 = 0

V=0
(Sum of vertical forces = 0)
-100 100 + 200 = 0

M=0
(Sum of moments = 0)
Left:
M = -50# x 8 = - 400 #
Right:
M = 200# x 2 = +400 #
- 400 + 400 = 0

Equilibrium equations are essential

for structural design and analysis
10Statics
Force / Reaction / Moment

Copyright G G Schierle, 2011 Prof Schierle

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3 #

Equilibrium equations
H=0
V=0
define
Diagonal forces
by

Vertical component

Horizontal component
Vertical component

Horizontal component
10Statics
Force / Reaction / Moment

Copyright G G Schierle, 2011 Prof Schierle

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4 #

Beam supports

10Statics
Force / Reaction / Moment

Pin supports at both ends

subject to bending AND tension
under load (like a suspended cable)
This support is statically indeterminate
and complex to analyze

Left support: roller

right support: pin
subject to bending under load
(simply supported)

Most wood beams are considered

simply supported (one roller & one pin)
wood walls are flexible to act like roller

Copyright G G Schierle, 2011 Prof Schierle

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5 #

Diagrams:

Symbols:

Beam supports
1

10Statics
Force / Reaction / Moment

Roller support
Free in X-direction
Fixed in Y-direction
Free in rotation

Pin support
Fixed in X-direction
Fixed in Y-direction
Free in rotation

Fixed support
Fixed in X-direction
Fixed in Y-direction
Fixed in rotation

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Y
X

6 #

Reactions

Ra

Rb

10Statics
Force / Reaction / Moment

The following examples illustrate use of the three equations of

statics to find horizontal, vertical and moment reactions.
1
Weight lifter: P = 400#, L = 6
V = 0, +
R P = 0, R = P
R = 400 #
M=0
PLM=0
M = P L = 400 x 6
M = 2,400 #
2.
Flag pole: L = 20, W = 80# (wind load on flag)
H=0+
WH=0
H=W
H = 80 #
M=0
W L+M=0, M=-WL=-80x20
M = -1,600 #
3
Tow truck: P = 2k, C = 7, L = 10
Ma = 0
Rb L - P C = 0, Rb = P C / L = 2 x 7 / 10 Rb = 1.4 k
Mb = 0
Ra L - P (C+L) = 0
Ra = P (C+L) /L = 2 (7+10) / 10
Ra = +3.4 k
Check V = 0
V = 0 = +3.4 1.4 2
V=0
Note: The lever arm is always perpendicular to load
A negative answer implies the arrow should be reversed
Rb pointing downward is provided by truck weight

Copyright G G Schierle, 2011 Prof Schierle

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7 #

Beam reactions
To find reactions for asymmetrical beams:
Draw an abstract beam diagram to illustrate computations
Use M = 0 at one support to find reaction at other support
Verify results for vertical equilibrium
1
2

Roof framing
Abstract beam diagram

W = 960 #

Assume:
DL = 10 psf
LL = 20 psf
= 30 psf

10Statics
Force / Reaction / Moment

Uniform beam load:

w = 30 psf x 2
w = 60 plf
Substitute total beam load for uniform load at its centroid
Total beam load
W = w L = 60 (12+4)
W = 960#
Support reactions:
Mb = 0
12 Ra 4 W = 0
Ra = 4 x 960 / 12
Ra = 320#
Ma = 0
8 W 12 Rb = 0
12 Rb = 8 x 960
Rb = 8 x 960 / 12
Rb = 640#
Check V = 0 +
Ra + Rb W= 320 + 640 960 = 0
V=0

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8 #

Beam Reactions
1

10Statics
Force / Reaction / Moment

Beam with point loads

Assume: P = 1.2 k
R = 5 P / 2 = 5 x 1.2 / 2
Beam with overhang and point loads
Assume: P = 2 k
Mb = 0 +
12 Ra2x162x122x8-2x4 = 0
Ra = (32 + 24 + 16 + 8) / 12
Ma = 0 +
-12 Rb2x4+2x4+2x8+2x12 = 0
Rb = (2 x 8 + 2 x 12) / 12
Check V = 0 +
6.67 + 3.33 5 x 2
Beam with uniform load and point load (wall)
Assume: w = 100 plf, P = 800 #
Mc = 0 +
16 Ra 100x16x8 800x12+800x0 = 0
Ra = (100x16x8 + 800x12) / 16
Ma = 0 +
-16 Rc + 100x16x8 + 800x4 + 800x16 = 0
Rc = (100x16x8 + 800x4 + 800x16) / 16
Check V = 0 +
1400+1800100x16800-800

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R=3k

Ra = 6.67 k
Rb = 3.33 k
V=0

Ra = 1,400 #
Rc = 1800 #
V=0
9 #

Beam reactions

= 4

= 16

C = 4
L = 16
X1 = (4+16)/2-4

X1 = 6

X2 = (4+16) / 2

X2 = 10

10Statics
Force / Reaction / Moment

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10#

10

10

Beam reactions
Beam with overhang
w = 100 plf

6
4

10Statics
Force / Reaction / Moment

10
16

W = w (4+16)
W = 100 x 20

W = 2000#

Mc = 0
16 Rb 10 W = 0
16 Rb 10 x 2000 = 0
16 Rb = 10 x 2000
Rb = 10 x 2000 / 16

Rb = 1,250#

Mb = 0
- 16 Rc + 6 x 2000 = 0
16 Rc = 6 x 2000
Rc = 6 x 2000 / 16

Rc = 750#

V=0
1250 + 750 2000 = 0

V = 0, ok

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11#

12

Beam reactions

12

Beam with 2 overhangs

w = 200 plf
7
5

10Statics
Force / Reaction / Moment

8
15

W = w (5+15+4)
W = 200 x 24

W = 4800#

Mc = 0
15 Rb 8 W = 0
15 Rb 8 x 4800 = 0
15 Rb = 8 x 4800
Rb = 8 x 4800 / 15

Rb = 2,560#

Mb = 0
- 15 Rc + 7 x 4800 = 0
15 Rc = 7 x 4800
Rc = 7 x 4800 / 15

Rc = 2,240#

V=0
2560 + 2240 4800 = 0

V = 0, ok

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12#

Wood beams and joists

10Statics
Force / Reaction / Moment

Copyright G G Schierle, 2011 Prof Schierle

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13#

Steel beams and joists

10Statics
Force / Reaction / Moment

Copyright G G Schierle, 2011 Prof Schierle

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14#

Concrete beams and joists

10Statics
Force / Reaction / Moment

Copyright G G Schierle, 2011 Prof Schierle

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15#