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zdraer@mrv.com
Fiber Structure
More Fibers
Faster Electronics
(TDM*)
WDM*
*TDM and WDM increase the effective capacity of the existing fiber
155 Mbps
STM-64
10 Gbps
STM-4
622 Mbps
STM-256
40 Gbps
STM-16
2.5 Gbps
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WDM History
WDM Evolution
Faster (Higher speed per channel)
Thicker (More channels)
160 channels possible today
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Fiber Performance
Attenuation
Definition:
Dispersion
Definition:
Broadening of the pulses as they travel along the fiber over long
distances
The strength of a signal traveling through an optical fiber wakens with distance
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DWDM Multiplexer
DWDM Demultiplexer
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EDFA Construction
Simple device consisting of
four parts
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EDFA - Basics
Absorption
When light hits the atom, the electrons in the
lower energy state absorb the energy and
jump into higher energy state.
Spontaneous Emission
When an electron decays from a higher
energy state to a lower energy state, the
atom spontaneously emits the released light.
Absorption
Spontaneous Emission
Stimulated Emission
Stimulated Emission
EDFA - Operation
Dope a fiber with Erbium
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EDFA
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EDFA Applications
Booster Amplifier
EDFA is located with the transmitter and is used to boost the transmitter signal to a high level in
order to drive a long fiber.
In-Line Amplifier
In an in-line amplifier configuration, the EDFA is used to amplify the weakening signal for further
transmission down the line
Pre Amplifier
The pre-amplifier application is similar to in-line application. However, the EDFA is typically
located with the receiver to amplify the signal just prior to its reception.
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IP over DWDM
WDM-Based
Map Ethernet Directly to a Wavelength
1 GbE 1GBase-SX and 1 GBase-LX
- DWDM implements up to 120 km, cascaded EDFAs extend the reach to 1600+ km
Protocol Transparency
SDH/SONET
ATM
IP
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
Fibre Channel
FDDI
ESCON
SDH/SONET
ATM
IP
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
Fibre Channel
FDDI
ESCON
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DWDM Benefits
Capacity Increase
Upgradability
Flexibility
Scalability
Network Transparency
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DWDM - Summary
DWDM provides enormous amounts of scalable transmission capacity
DWDM technology gives us the ability to expand fiber network rapidly to
meet growing demands of customer
The DWDM systems provide transparency to various bit rates and protocols
Utilizes the existing thin fiber
DWDM improves signal transmission
DWDM allows flexible add/drop of channels (OADMs)
Bi-directional communication using a single fiber can be achieved by the use of two
different wavelengths, one for each direction
Transmission over the longest possible distance with smallest number of optical
amplifiers
IP over DWDM
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Thank You