Peanut(Arachis hypogaea)Seeds as Chicken Feed Substitute

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Research II

CARAGA REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL

School Year 2014-2015

ELLO, Karl Angelo B.

NALZARO, Mante Cros G.
The Researchers

Maria Ruth R. Edradan

Adviser

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ii

ABSTRACT

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I.

II.

INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem

Hypotheses

Significance of the Study

Scope and Limitation

Review of Related Literature

Peanut Seeds

Chicken Feeds

Chicken

III. METHODOLOGY

IV.

V.

Research Design

Procedure

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results

10

Discussion

11

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusion

12

Recommendation

12

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

13

APPENDIX

15

ABSTRACT
The study Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Seeds as Chicken
Feed Substitute aimed to produce a chicken feed from peanut
seeds. Two samples were prepared for comparison, peanut seed
and

the

commercial

feed.

500

grams

of

peanut

seeds

were

gathered from Brg. San Juan, Surigao City, washed thoroughly

then sun-dried for 3 hours. After sun-drying, the peanut seeds
were pounded into small particles. The chicks were fed in
different color of bands for the identification purposes. The
chicks were fed 15 grams every meal. The chicks were initially
weighed using weighing balances and after 4 weeks, the chicks
were finally weighed. At the end of the experiment, the data
that was gathered and compared. The weights of the chicks
increased within 4 weeks. The final weight of C1, C2 and C3 fed
with the peanut seeds was 507 grams, 494 grams and 502 grams,
respectively. And the final weight of C4, C5 and C6 fed with
the commercial feed was 461 grams, 475 grams and 467 grams,
respectively. Based on the gathered data, the peanut seed have
the potential to be an alternative chicken feed and it helps
to increase the weight of the chicks. No side effects were
obtained during the experiment. Therefore they can further
experimented as a possible food for the other organisms.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Science Investigatory Project was really a very hard task,
but

because

of

our

determination,

and

the

support

we

had

received, our research namely Peanut(Arachis hypogaea)Seeds as

Chicken

Feed

Substitute

has

been

successful.

We

were

very

thankful to the people who helped us with no return to finish

this aim. This research is highly probable because of the skill,
and the time that they have shared, and also because of the
financial and moral support that we have received. First of all,
we would like to express our sincere and never-ending gratitude
to our Almighty God. We also thank Him for the assist through
other people for giving us information and skill to conquer every
obstacle that came along our way. To our compassionate parents,
Mr. and Mrs. Rene Ello and Mr. and Mrs. Nestor Nalzaro, for their
boundless

support,

encouragement,

guidance,

and

endurance.

Without them, this project would not be accomplished. To our

Research adviser, Mrs. Maria Ruth R. Edradan, for being there
helping

us

accomplish

this

Research

paper

and

also

for

the

support, that made it possible for us to carry on with our

project. To friends, classmates, batch mates and to the Carascian
Family,

for

the

support

and

effort

they

researchers when in need of their good words.

allotted

upon

the

INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
One of the greatest problems faced by the country today is
the rising scarcity of supply of poultry products. This poses
formidable

benefit

of

raising

your

own

chicken

is

having

inexpensive organic eggs and meat. Homesteaders who aspire to

greater self-sufficiency often want to grow or at least mix their
own chicken feed. Many ingredients are needed to make a chicken
feed but it is expensive.
The problem is that in many areas it is nearly impossible to
get organic chicken feeds and even if you can it is expensive. So
far, some people just buy the expensive chicken feed in the store
or

in

the

market.

While

keeping

chickens

isnt

terribly

difficult, sometimes they do have health problems or other issues

that you cant figure out.
With this study, the researchers aim to produce a chicken
feed from peanut seeds so that there will be a feed for the
chickens.

Commercial

chicken

feed

is

usually

expensive,

triggering people to spend a lot of money, time, effort and

patience just to let their chickens get the proper nutrients from
the food fed to them.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to produce a chicken feed from peanut seeds
(Arachis hypogaea).
Specifically, this study ought to answer to the following
questions:
1. Is there a significant difference between the weights of the
chicks fed with commercial feed and the chicks fed with
peanut seeds?
2. Is there a significant difference between the production
cost of the feeds made from peanut seed and the commercial
one?

Hypotheses
All the problems are hypothesized as follows:
1. H1:

There is no significant difference between the weights

of the chicks fed with commercial feed and the chicks fed
with peanut seeds.
2. H2: There is no

significant

difference

between

the

production cost of the chicken feed made from peanut seeds

and the commercial one.

Significance of the Study

7

This

study aimed

to use

peanut seeds

as an

alternative

chicken deed to curb affordability and accessibility issues.

If this study can prove that the chicken feed from peanut
seeds can be an effective alternative to commercial feed in
chickens in terms of its efficiency in growth of the chicken,
more money can be saved, that, instead of using the money for
buying the expensive commercial feed.
The results of this study may also benefit homesteaders,
farmers and fisherman such that they may use this product to
the chickens in their farm. Furthermore, jobs can be provided
to unemployed persons if ever this study would succeed.

Scope and Limitation

This is limited in determining the efficacy of peanut seeds
as feed for the chicks and its effect to the weight of the
chicks. Only the species (Arachis hypogaea) of peanut seeds was
used, and only the weights of the chicks were measured in the
experiment. The researchers did not go farther in the experiment
other than the observation period of four weeks.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Peanut Seeds
The peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is a species in
the legume or "bean" family (Fabaceae). The peanut was probably
first domesticated and cultivated in the valleys of Paraguay. It
is an annual herbaceous plant growing 30 to 50 cm (1.0 to 1.6 ft)
tall.
The flowers are a typical pea flower in shape, 2 to 4 cm
(0.8 to 1.6 in) ( to 1 in) across, yellow with reddish veining.
The

specific

name,

hypogaea means

"under

the

earth";

after pollination, the flower stalk elongates, causing it to bend

until the ovary touches the ground. Continued stalk growth then
pushes the ovary underground where the mature fruit develops into
a legume pod, the peanut a classical example of geocarpy. Pods
are 3 to 7 cm (1.2 to 2.8 in) long, containing 1 to 4 seeds.
Because,

in

botanical

terms,

"nut"

specifically

refers

to indehiscent fruit, the peanut is not technically a nut, but

rather a legume. Peanuts are often served in a similar manner to
true nuts in many western cuisines, and are often referred to as
a nut in common English.

Chicken Feeds (Poultry Feeds)

Poultry feed is food for farm poultry, including chickens,

ducks, geese and other domestic birds. Feed for poultry mostly
consists of grain. A portion of commercial feed, typically around
a quarter, is known as bulk and is indigestible. The amount of
bulk is referred to as bulk density. The quantity of feed, and
the nutritional requirements of the feed, depends on the weight
and the age of the poultry as well as the season. Healthy poultry
require a sufficient amount of protein and carbohydrates, along
with the necessary vitamins, dietary minerals, and an adequate
supply of water. Certain diets also require the use of grit, tiny
rocks such as pieces of granite, in the feed. Grit aids in
digestion by grinding food as it passes through the gizzard. Grit
is not needed if commercial feed is used. The feed must remain
clean and dry; contaminated feed can infect poultry. Damp feed
encourages

fungal

growth.

For

privately

raised

chickens,

or

chickens as pets, feed can be delivered through jar, trough or

tube feeders. The use of poultry feed can also be supplemented
with food found through foraging. The term chicken feed is also
used as a colloquialism for a small or insufficient amount,
especially a small amount of money. The term was first coined and
used in that sense in 1904.

Chicken

10

The chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a domesticated

fowl, a subspecies of the Red Jungle fowl. As one of the most
common and widespread domestic animals with a population of more
than 24 billion in 2003, there are more chickens in the world
than any other species of bird. Humans keep chickens primarily as
a source of food, consuming both their meat and their eggs.
The traditional poultry farming view of the domestication of
the chicken is stated in Encyclopedia Britannica (2007): "Humans
first domesticated chickens of Indian origin for the purpose of
cockfighting in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Very little formal
attention was given to egg or meat production... " Recent genetic
studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in Southeast,
East, and South Asia, but with the clade found in the Americas,
Europe, the Middle East and Africa originating in the Indian
subcontinent. From India, the domesticated chicken was imported
to Lydia in western Asia Minor, and to Greece by the fifth
century BC. Fowl had been known in Egypt since the mid-15th
century BC, with the "bird that gives birth every day" having
come to Egypt from the land between Syria and Shinar, Babylonia,
according to the annals of Thutmose III.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

11

Results
This research was conducted to produce a chicken feed from
peanut

seeds

potential

and

to

test

alternative

whether

to

peanut

commercial

seeds

feed.

As

could
such,

be

the

researchers considered the weight of the chicks.

Experimental Setup
Chicks

Control Setup

(Peanut Seeds)
Initial
Final

(Commercial Feed)
Chicks
Initial
Final

C1(White)

Weight
54 g

Weight
507 g

C4(Blue)

C2(Black)

53 g

494 g

C5(Red)

Weight
55 g

Weight
461 g

54 g

475 g

C3(Yellow)
55 g
502 g
C6(Green)
55 g
467 g
Table 3 Initial and Final Weight of the Chicken
Based on the data presented in Table 3, the final weight of
C1, C2 and C3 fed with peanut seeds was 507 grams, 494 grams and
502 grams, respectively. And the final weight of C4, C5 and C6 fed
with commercial feed was 461 grams, 475 grams and 467 grams,
respectively. The weight of the chicks increased within 28 days.
There is a significant difference between the effects of
commercial feed and peanut seeds to the chicks. There is an
increase of weight in the chicks within 28 days.
Discussions

12

The results showed that the peanut seeds can increase the
weight of the chicks. This can be due to the fact that the peanut
seeds are good source of protein, sodium, potassium and fatty
acids.
A study conducted by Janet King, Jeffrey Blumberg, Linda
Ingwersen, Mazda Jenab and Katherine Tucker in 2008 showed that
the peanut seeds has a high content of elements, especially,
Calcium(Ca), Copper(Cu), Iron(Fe), Magnesium(Mg), Manganese(Mn),
Phosphorus(P), Selenium(Se) and Zinc(Zn).
Nutritional

aspects

of

peanut

seeds

may

influence

food

choice of chickens and other organisms.

However,

after

the

experiment,

where

the

chicks

observed for 4 weeks, there were no side effects observed.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

13

were

Conclusion
Based on the findings of this research, peanut seeds have
the potential to be an alternative chicken feed and to increase
the weight of the chick. Therefore, they can be further
experimented as possible food for the other organism. No negative
side effects were observed during and after the experiment,
increasing its potential factors. Since, the peanut seeds can
increase the weight based on the results observed, if studied
further, the result would be a great value to people who are
experiencing scarcity of resources. More money can be saved
instead of buying expensive chicken feed.

Recommendation
Based on the results obtained and conclusion in the study,
the researchers recommend the following:

Feed the organism at least 50 grams per meal

Dry the peanut seeds at least 4 hours
Pound the peanut seeds into powder
Make a food using peanut seeds for the other animals
Feed and observe for 8 weeks
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Research Design

14

The design used in this study is the experimental design

because experimental variables were chose to fit the application
intended for this study. Specifically, the Complete Randomized
Design (CRD) was used in this study. The experimental setup of
this

study

control

was

setup

the
was

chicken
the

feed

from

commercial

peanut

feed,

seeds,

which

and

the

served

for

comparative purposes. The same amount of feed was done in the

application process to have approximate comparable results to the
baseline data.

C1

Experimental Setup
Control Setup
Peanut Seeds
Commercial Feed
C2
C3
C4
C5
Table 1 Research Design

C6

Procedure
The peanut seeds (Arachis hypogaea) and the commercial feed
were used by the researchers for this study.

15

Gathering of Materials
500 grams of peanut seeds were gathered from Brg. San Juan,
Surigao City. The other materials used were, weighing balance,
mortar and pestle, gloves, commercial feed, meter stick and
two cages for the chicks.
Expenses
1. Peanut Seeds
A. Fare (Back and Forth)

Amount

- 28.00
2. Commercial Feed
- 40.00/kg
Table 2 Production Cost

Peanut Seeds Preparation

500 grams of peanut seeds were washed thoroughly with tap
water then sun dried for 3 hours. After sun-drying, the peanut
seeds were pounded into small particles. And it was placed in
the container and labeled with Feed A.
Treatment of the Chicks
The chicks were tied in different colors for identification
purposes. The color white was for C1, black for C2 and the
yellow for C3 which fed with peanut seeds. The color blue was
for C4, red was for C5 and green was for C6 which fed with
commercial feed. Two samples were prepared for comparison. The
C1, C2 and C3 in the experimental setup were fed with 35 grams
16

of peanut seeds, and the other set which was C 4, C5 and C6 in

control setup were also fed with 35 grams of commercial feed
in every meal. The chicks in different setups were fed three
times a day; six oclock in the morning, twelve oclock at
noon and six oclock in the evening.

BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Peanut. (1998). Retrieved November 15, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut
Poultry feed. (2003). Retrieved October 15, 2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry_feed

17

Chicken. (1887). Retrieved October 15, 2013, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken
Garden Bettys Homemade Whole Grain Chicken Feed. (2001).
Retrieved October 16, 2013, from
http://www.gardenbetty.com/2012/06/garden-bettysTwo-way analysis of variance. (1978). Retrieved November 24,
2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twoway_analysis_of_variance
T.G. Punsalan, G.G. Uriarte (1989). Chi-Square Test of
Independence. Retrieved December 2013 from STATISTICS A Simplfied
Approach.
Marye Audet(2006). Organic Chicken Feed Is Cheap When You Make It
Yourself. Retrieved on December 20,2014 from
http://home.howstuffworks.com/green-living/organic-chicken-feedcheap.htm
Lauren Ware(2009). How To Make Your Own Chicken Or Poultry Feed.
Retrieved on October 12,2014 from
http://smallfarm.about.com/od/chickens/a/How-To-Make-Your-OwnChicken-Or-Poultry-Feed.htm
How Much Protein is in Peanuts? | Healthy Eating | SF Gate.
(2000). Retrieved on November 15,2014 from
http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/much-protein-peanuts-4735.html
18

Feeding Peanut Meal to Poultry - eXtension. (1989). Retrieved on

November 16,2014 from
http://www.extension.org/pages/67351/feeding-peanut-meal-topoultry
Studies on feeding peanut meal as a protein source for broiler
chic... - PubMed - NCBI. (2004). Retrieved on December 24,2014
from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11261561
What Foods Make Complete Proteins With Peanuts? | Healthy Eating
| SF Gate. (2012). Retrieved on December 12,2014 from
http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/foods-make-complete-proteinspeanuts-1663.html
Nuts, grains and seeds chart | Nutrient chart | Vitamins and
minerals in common nuts, grains and seeds. (2003). Retrieved on
October 02,2014 from http://www.health-alternatives.com/nut-seednutrition-chart.html
APPENDIX
Statistical Analysis

ANOVA: Two-Factor With Replication

SUMMARY

Initial Weight

19

Final Weight

Total

(Peanut Seeds)
Count
Sum

163

1503

1666

Average

54.33333333

501 277.6667

Variance

1.333333333

43 59871.07

(Commercial Feed)
Count
Sum

164

1403

1567

Average

54.66666667

467.6666667 261.1667

Variance

0.333333333

49.33333333 51190.57

Total
Count

327

2906

Average

54.5

484.3333333

Variance

0.7

370.2666667

Sum

ANOVA
Source of
Variation
Sample

SS
816.75

df
1

MS

816.75 34.7553

P-value

F crit

0.0004

5.317655072

Columns

554270.08

1 554270.1

23586

4E-15

5.317655072

Interaction

850.08333

1 850.0833 36.1738

0.0003

5.317655072

20

Within

Total

188

556124.92

11

23.5

21