FISH OIL

B/W with Cold seawater

B/W with hot sea or freshwater. (Solution 0.5% Teepol or Caustic/detergent mix).
Good result with Lead Clean CP with extra Citronella (inject or recirculate).
Rinse with fresh water.
Vent and dry tank.
Inspect, if still fish oil remains, than spray lead clean and hot Bw.
Rinse with fresh water.
Vent, mop and dry.
CLEANING FROM FISH OIL USING CTC-CLEANER-VLC.
B/W with cold to warm (max 30C) seawater two hours.
Flush tank with freshwater.
Fill 5-10 cbm. fresh water into tank, heat till 40C and add buckets of the CTC cleaner and 50
to 100 kg. Caustic soda.
Recirculate solution for 4/6 hours.
B/W Sea water for one hour.
Freshwater rinse, ventilate mop and dry.
Fatty Acid Oils.
Cleaning media for Acid oils, Grato 50 ( not suitable in zinc coated tanks).
Cleaning after Fatty Acid Oils is never easy, especially if the are not heated properly.
These particular grades mixed with seawater has at times, upon drying, produced a white
powder that stubbornly adheres to bulkheads after cleaning.
To prevent creation of this, the acid oil and seawater can be neutralized with a generous dose of
freshwater to minimize the white layer.
Start cleaning the acid oils at discharge temperature (4/6 hours).
Cleaning options to remove the white powder (if coating permits).
Circulate a 20-25% nitric acid solution in freshwater.
Circulate a 3-5% Phosphoric acid solution in freshwater.
Fresh water solution add 1 till 2% Bufferclean Ph. 5.5 heat till 60C.

PHENOL
Note that direct after discharge some hot fresh water must be put trough lines into the tank and
circulated in order to bring the freezing point down prior to the prescribed tank cleaning
procedure.
SPRAYING WITH METHANOL OR ACETONE:
Bear in mind that the bulkheads must be completely dry before one starts spraying.
SMELL KILLERS
Especially after cleaning of acrylates etc. HENKEL P3/NA, VECOM AIR FRESH and
NILODOR may be used.
Cleaning cq washing with f.e. Methanol of tank hatch and B/W hatch gaskets may be required
as these usually accumulate strong odors.

HEAVILY LEADED AND/OR DYED GASOLINES

1.
Throughly Bw cold freshwater first!!!
Mesaue chlorides and Ph value. If tank chloride free passivate tank.
Mix 25% Nitric Acid water solution by volume in tank. (Add Acid to water!!!)
Good suction by pump to provide resirculation.
First drop one hour second drop 30 min. 15" from bottom.
Thoroughly freshwater rinse. (measure PH).
2.
Thoroughly Bw cold freshwater first!!!
Recirculate with 3,5% solution Chlorax.
Rinse with fresh water.
Steaming to get rid of possible chlorides.
3.
Preach cold seawater 2 hours, followed by a 4 hours hot seawater wash.
Recirculate 3-4 hours a solution of 200 ltr bleach ( Sodium hypochlorite) and 1 cbm freshwater ,
heat solution up to 70C.
Cold seawater wash 2 hours followed by a freshwater rinse.
Lead is completely soluble in Nitric Acid, passivating after leaded products is the best option.
Other suitable chemicals are: Leadclean CP (Spraying method).
Bufferclean Ph 5.5 Vecom. (Recirculation method).
Aromatic solvents like toluene and Xylene are good solvents of lead as well.

CRUDE TALL OIL

1)
Direct after hot pre-wash for 2 hours.
Recirculate with a solution of 2,5 cbm. fresh water and 3 bags of caustic soda flakes
(or pro rata), add 5-10 liters Metal Brightner , heat the solution up to
50-60C recirculate the solution for about 4 hours.
Fresh water rinse.
Ventilate, such and dry.
Other cleaning media: Coaltar cleaner - Grato 14- Grato 50 - CTC Cleaner in combination with
Caustic soda.
Myrcene - (Di) Pentene - Nonene.
2)
Ht pre-wash for 3 hours.
Recirculate 2 hours with a solution of 2,0 cbm freshwater and 100 kg caustic soda, 150 ltrs

myrcene, start washing at 50C and increase slowly to 80C Fresh water rinse.
Ventilate, suck and dry, result ok.
3)
Hot 80C pre-washing for 2 hours, followed by freshwater rinse,
Recirculate 2 hours with a solution of 3,0 cbm freshwater and 50 kg caustic soda, 2 can of CTC
cleaner, start washing at 50C and increase slowly to 80C recirculate solution for about 3
hours.
Fresh water rinse.
Ventilate, such and dry, tank ok.
PITCH CRUDE TALL OIL
1) Cleaning with 50% water and 50% myrcene.
Life steam for 1 hr.
Butterworth 3 hours hot 80C.
Circulate 3 hours with myrcene/water solution at 60C.
Butterworth 3 hours hot 80. Tank nearly clean.
Spot cleaning bottom/bulkheads by spraying Grado 14.
Freshwater rinse, vent suck mop and dry. Tank ok.

2) Cleaning with 80% water and 20% Coaltar cleaner.

Life steam for 1 hr.
Butterworth 3 hours hot 80C.
Circulate 3 hours with coaltar/water solution at 60C.
Butterworth 3 hours hot 80C. Tank nearly clean.
Final freshwater rinse.
Tank ok except tank used as sloptank this
CTC/Caustic/Freshwater.

tank

circulated

with

mixture

CLEANING FROM (Light) LUBRICATING OILS USING CTC/CLEANER-VLC

B/W with hot seawater two hours.
Freshwater rinse 15 min.
Fill 5-10 cbm. Freshwater or seawater into tank an add 1-2 buckets of the CTC cleaner.
B/W tank by means of circulation (method 1) 60 to 70C.
B/W tank with hot fresh/seawater.
Freshwater rinse, gas free / ventilate / mop and dry.
LUBE ADDITIVES.
Products with high viscosity should be discharged at the highest permissible temperature.
Pre-wash the heavy additives with a light Base Oil, SN 100, White Oil or MDO.
Parabars 9344/ECA 11190 polymerizes in water, dont use it in first cleaning step.

of

Hot (90C) spindle oil is used to clean shore tanks.

Lube additives are soluble in hydrocarbon solvents and insoluble in water.
After pre-wash clean tank with a heavy duty degreaser by circulation method for 4 hours, and
spot clean with Shellsol A or similar product.
Cleaning of Clay-slurry with freshwater only.
Dont mix different grades of slurry (reaction between different ionic types).
Commence cleaning as soon as possible after discharge, preferable to clean thoroughly with
freshwater.
Hand hose with freshwater until tank is free of residues, only a film of slurry left.
Butterwprth freshwater 2-4 hours (tank size) warm 35-40C or recirculate a solution of 250
litres of nitric acid into 1000 liters of freshwater.
Refill 50 liters off acid into the mixture for each tank to be used.
Circulate 2 hours at 80 - 100 bars pump pressure.
To clean cargo lines fill 10-20 cbm. freshwater in tank and pump out to both ends of manifold
with max pressure.
Drain tank and remove water residues.

Cleaning of Clay-slurry using Nitric Acid and CTC cleaner.

Through reaction with CO2 in atmosphere the product dries and hardens!!!
Avoid higher temperatures and heated cargo in adjacent tanks.
Do not mix different grades of slurry (reaction between different ionic type).
Prefer to clean direct overboard.
Clean as soon as possible after discharge, preferable to clean thoroughly with seawater.
Hand hose with seawater until tank is free of residues, only a film of slurry left.
Butterworth seawater 2-4 hours (tank size) warm 35-40C.
To clean cargo lines fill 10-20 cbm. seawater in tank and pump out to both ends of manifold
with max pressure.
Drain tank and remove seawater residues by a freshwater flush.
Fill 3 to 5 cbm. cold freshwater into tank and add following amount of Acid and CTC.
3 cbm. freshwater 16 cans of Nitric Acid 63% one bucket CTC-cleaner.
5 cbm freshwater 26 cans of Nitric Acid 63% one bucket CTC-cleaner.
Recirculate solution 2-4 hours. ( Transfer solution to next tank).
Freshwater flush, vent and dry tank.
Cleaning from Coaltar..
After Pre-wash.
Prepare 2 cbm FW. and add one drum of coaltar cleaner.

Recirculate solution 3/4 drops, each drop one hour.

After recirculation immediately start washing hot seawater 80C, 3 drops one hour.
During hot seawater wash steam vent line 15-20 minutes.
During hot seawater cleaning, flush through drop line 5 times, dont forget the stripping line.
Finally connect freshwater pump to clean back through lines and tank with a thoroughly FW
rinse.
Steam cargo lines with Metal brightner if necessary.
Creosote
After Pre-wash
Prepare 2 cbm FW and add one drum of coaltar cleaner.
Recirculate solution 3/4 drops, each drop one hour.
After recirculation start washing at discharge temperature increase to hot seawater 80C, 3 drops
one hour.
During hot seawater wash steam vapor line, steam PV, flush drop line, clean through stripping
line.
Finally connect freshwater pump to clean back through lines and tank with a thoroughly FW
rinse.
Steam cargo lines with Metal brightner ig necessary.

Slack Wax
Adjacent tanks should be empty in order to have the temperature of the bulkheads
above the melting point.
Pre-heat washing water to 80C!!! direct after discharge flush cargo lines from
both sides manifold back into tank for about 10 minutes.
BW with SW for 30 minutes hot, leave water in tank and keep heating on.
Until discharging of the wash water keep live steam slowly into tank.
At sea BW.SW.3 drops of 45 min. 80C , freshwater rinse, ventilate suck and dry.
Spot clean with toluene.
In case cargo in adjacent tanks, a recirculation with Gas oil sould be another option.
Injection 10% solution in hot water of CTC - VLC cleaner during hot wash.

8. TANK CLEANING CHEMICALS

Tank cleaning chemicals are used to improve the cleaning effect, they may help to reduce the
amount
of time and the quantity of water to be used.
Not in all cases the addition of chemicals improves the cleaning effect, the addition of the
wrong type of chemicals may leave the tank in such a condition that the tank may only be
cleaned with a lot of effort.
In general the use of cleaning chemicals is restricted to the final washing stage, after the bulk of
the substance has been removed from the tank by washing with water.
Addition of tank cleaning chemicals is often not accepted when discharging slop water to
reception facilities.
8.1. DETERGENTS
The surface tension of water is lowered by the addition of detergents.
As a result water insoluble substances are washed away more easily from the tank walls.
An emulsion of the substance and water is formed, depending on the nature of the detergent
the emulsion is more or less stable.
Some manufacturers of detergents have developed emulsion breakers, which may be added to
the slop
water to separate the emulsion.
Detergents can be used for cleaning of water insoluble substances.
Pure detergents are used in concentrations of 0.05%, commercial preparations may require
higher
concentrations.
Solutions of detergents may foam very strongly, addition of a small amount of a higher alcohol
(i.e. butanol) breaks down the foam.
8.2. SOLVENT CLEANERS
Solvent cleaners are a mixture of solvent(s) and detergents.

They are used to clean from highly viscous water insoluble substances.
This type of chemicals are mixed with the washing water in concentrations of a few percent or
are
sprayed on the tank walls without dilution.
In which case the mixture of substance and solvent cleaner is washed away with water after a
soaking period of 30 to 60 minutes.
When it is decided to use a solvent cleaner, one has to be certain that the substance to clean
from is absolutely soluble in the solvent cleaner.
If the substance is a complex mixture of components such as found in heavy mineral oil
products and coaltar the substance may separate into a soluble and insoluble part when using an
improper solvent.
To find a suitable solvent to remove the insoluble part is most difficult.
A small scale test is recommended, if there is any doubt do not use the solvent cleaner, try water
and detergent instead.

8.2.1. SOLVENT CLEANERS WITH HYDROCARBON TYPE SOLVENTS

The solvents in this type of cleaners are mineral oil based with a flash point of approximately
60C, two main types are used:
- with a high aromatics content
- with a low aromatics content
The best solvents are the high aromatic type hydrocarbon solvents, which unfortunately have a
disagreeable smell.
The solvents, which are very low in aromatic compounds often, are designated as odor free.
When mixed with water this type of solvent cleaners will form a milk like emulsion because the
solvent is not soluble in water.
They are best suited to clean from heavy mineral oils, especially the high aromatic type.
Their purpose is to dilute the substance to clean from and lowering the viscosity.
Occasionally the hydrocarbons are of vegetable origin i.e. orange oil.
The transport of methanol and other substances requires hydrocarbon free tanks, after washing
with a solvent cleaner traces of hydrocarbons may be left in the tank, for that reason
hydrocarbon free solvent cleaners were developed.
8.2.2. SOLVENT CLEANERS WITH GLYCOL ETHER TYPE SOLVENTS
(HYDROCARBON FREE)
The glycol ether type solvents are water miscible at ambient temperatures, when mixed with
water they will form clear solutions.
The purpose of this cleaner is also to lower the viscosity of the substance to clean from by
dilution,
when the solvent cleaner is sprayed in its pure form this works fine, but what happens when the
cleaner is diluted with water?
A diluted solvent does not work very well as we all know, here the decrease of solubility of the
glycol
ether at higher temperature helps us.
At high temperatures glycol ether is much less soluble in water the solvent separates from the

solution and does the required job.

In short this type of cleaner works well at higher temperatures, above 50 C when 2-butoxy
ethanol is used as the solvent.

8.3. ALKALINE CLEANERS

Alkaline cleaners are historically used to clean from fats and oils, good results are obtainable
but a word of caution is important.
When these cleaners are used with seawater a white solid material (magnesium and calcium
carbonate) will be formed, only a diluted acid removes this material.
Strong alkaline cleaners may be used in steel, epoxy coated and stainless steel tanks.
Strong alkaline cleaners will dissolve zinc coating.
To avoid attack of zinc coatings buffered alkaline cleaners are used, the PH. value is about 10,
on most zinc coating his type of alkaline cleaners can be used.
The oils and fats are partly saponified by the alkaline cleaners.
Fats with a high melting point will form hard soaps when caustic soda is used in the cleaner,
when
potassium hydroxide is used softer soaps are formed.

Preferred supplier CP Manufacturing

Stockpoints:
- Rotterdam - Amsterdam - Antwerp - Hamburg - Algeciras
- Los Angeles - Houston
- Dubai - Singapore
- Durban
Products also can be obtained in other ports than the agreed at additional coasts with sufficient
notice.
Products with main purpose:
P3 Grato 14 Marine
Product can be used for cleaning after vegetable oils as well as mineral oil
Product can be used very well as hydro carbon remover
Suitable for stainless steel, epoxies and zinc coating.
P3 Grato 50 Marine
Product can be used for cleaning high melting point vegetable oils
Suitable for stainless steel and epoxy coating
CP Leadclean
Product can be used for cleaning light mineral oils and fish oil
Suitable for stainless steel, epoxy and zinc coating
CP Super degreaser
Product can be used for cleaning after mineral oils
Suitable for stainless steel, epoxy and zinc coating
CP Hydrocarbon remover
Product can be used as hydrocarbon remover
Suitable for stainless steel, epoxy and zinc coating
P3 NA Marine
Smell remover after products like: Cresols, Acrylates, Phenols
Suitable for stainless steel and restricted for coating
P3 T1 166 Marine ( Metal brightner, Rust remover)
Suitable for stainless steel.

Orders and service:

All orders can be place via CP Manufacturing Rotterdam which office will be available as well
for assistance and/or advice on any kind of tank cleaning problems.
CTC - Cleaner - VLC
neutral high concentrated, based on surface active agents, complexing agents and additives with
a range of applications and a PH value of 7.
The cleaner can be used in freshwater and seawater in a temperature range of 10 to 80C.
Suitable for stainless and resistant coatings (alcohol ethoxylate).
Cleaning agent for vegetable oils, luboils, phthalates, and paraffins.
To improve the cleaning efficiency on certain products the cleaner can be additionally mixed
with alkalis (Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium Hydroxide) as well as with Acids (Phosphoric-,
Nitric- and Acetic Acid).
Info/data sheet available on file.
Contact addresses and telephone numbers Cleaning Chemicals Suppliers for delivery:
CP Manufacturing ( Mr T. Engels and M. Beer)
Depot Rotterdam - Amsterdam - Antwerp.
Phone

Depot Algeciras.
+ 31(0) 10 - 2994996
Provimar SA. (Mr. konstantin)
+ 31(0) 10 - 2994994
Phone
+34(0)956574180-82
Fax +34(0)956574312-20

Fax

Depot Hamburg.Including C.T.C. Cleaner VLC

Chemtec Consulting Company, (Mr.J.Kemmle)
Phone +49(0)4104961148

Singapore
CP 3500 Asia Pte. Ltd.
Phone
00-655-2943500

+49(0)1724085386

Fax
00-65-2945922

Fax +49(0)4104961158
Houston
Durban
Enviro- Tech Specialties, Inc.

Dekra
Coating, (Mr. Dicky Pather)

Phone +01(0)713 802 - 1916

Phone
00-2731727353

Fax

+o1(0)713 802 - 1919

Fax
00-2731727353

Dubai
Barwill Freight Logistics. (Mr. R. Chacko)
Phone 971 - 4 - 821077
Fax 971 - 4 - 820469.

9. JO TANKERS STANDARD WALL WASH TESTS

Acid wash color test.
Chloride test.
Water miscibility also known as hydrocarbon test. (Including Tindle Test see drawing)
Permanganate time test.

Jo Tankers Standard Equipment to perform a wall wash.

Material and liquids to perform the Acid wash color test
Funnel.
Test tube lower mark at 7 ml. and upper mark 28 ml.
High purity Toluene - Benzene - or Xylene.
Sulphuric Acid (concentrated).
Color Standards.
Material and liquids to perform the chloride test.
Funnel.
Nessler tubes 100 ml. short form lower mark at 25 ml. upper mark 100 ml.
Pipette 2 ml.
Dropping bottle.
Distilled water Chloride free.
Silver nitrate
Standard Chloride solution.
Material and liquids to perform the water miscibility or hydrocarbon test.
Funnel.
Nessler tubes 100 ml. short form lower mark at 33 ml. upper mark 100 ml.
Distilled water Chloride free.
High purity Lab approved METHANOL.
Material and liquids to perform the Permanganate Time Test.
Funnel.
Measuring cylinder 50 ml. long form.
Pipette 2 ml.
Stopwatch.
Temperature Bath.

Color standard.
Distilled water Chloride free.
Distilled
KMNO4 crystals in brown bottles (30 ml. or 100 ml.)
Hydrochloric Acid ( as cleaning agent).
Additional material
Safety labelled (Methanol) Wash Bottle 1000 ml.
Safety labelled (Distilled - water) Wash Bottle 1000 ml.
Safety labelled (Hydrochloric Acid) Wash Bottle 500 ml.
Safety labelled (Toluene) Wash Bottle 500 ml.
measuring cylinder 50 ml. long form with stopper (4x)
Bath / Cooling container.
Approved clean chemical gloves.
Paper filters.

Jo Tankers Standard procedure to perform a wall wash.

Method:
Flush the testing liquid as far as reachable against the tank wall and collect same at
approximately 2 meter from starting point directly by means of a funnel into a clean sample
bottle.
Filter liquid from sample bottle into a Nessler test tube, quantity pending test to perform.
Places/spots.
1. Top of tank: First reachable highest point in tank. (Fe, top bulkhead first bordes).
2. Middle of tank, nearest reachable bulkhead from staircase.
3. Down in tank, all four tank walls and frames if applicable.
5. Bottom in case of loading (Hexene-1)
6. Heatingcoils?
7. Pump?
Note !
Spots Heating coils and Pump ( in case visual clean and free of greasy spots) calculated in PPM,
negligible in relation to their surface and total cubic meter to load.
In case of extreme sensitive cargoes recommend to take these spots as well.

10. WALL WASH TESTS

ACID WASH COLOUR TEST OF

Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons

(Benzene-Toluene-Xylene) Astm D848 method
This method is generally used for aromatics.
Product is shaken with concentrated sulphuric acid and discoloration is observed.
All carbonisable substances will discolour the sulphuric acid layer due to the
combustion of especially oils and fat.
APPARATUS:
Nessler tubes short form.
Colour Standards
REAGENTS:
Sulphuric Acid (concentrated)
PROCEDURE:
Transfer 7 mls sulphuric acid (concentrated) in a glass tube and
add 21 mls of aromatic (benzene-toluene-xylene) on top of it.
Shake thoroughly at least 150 strokes and store for 15 minutes in the dark.
Fill a second tube with 7 mls sulphuric acid (concentrated) and add 21 mls
of the wall wash ( taken with benzene, toluene, xylene) and compare with
the standard.
NOTE:
Take care for concentrated sulphuric acid.
All safety precautions must be taken.
Use clean equipment to perform the wall wash.

STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF

TRACES INORGANIC CHLORIDES
IN WATER MISCIBLE SOLVENTS

APPARATUS:
Nessler tubes 100 ml. short form.
Pipette 2 ml.
Dropping bottle.
REAGENTS:
Distilled water Chloride free.
Silver nitrate.
Standard Chloride solution ( 1 ml=0.025 mg Cl).
PROCEDURE:
Transfer 25 mls DI - water from wall wash sample into
one of the Nessler tubes and fill to the upper mark,
with distilled water.
Fill a second tube to the upper mark with distilled water,
and add 1 ml. standard chloride solution.
Mix both tubes and add abt. 5 drops Silver nitrate.
Compare the cloudiness of the standard against the
sample tube by viewing downward through the tubes
toward a dark background.
Add as much mls Chloride standard as necessary
to the second tube to compare the cloudiness of the sample.
CALCULATION:
MLS STANDARD X 0,025
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X 1000 = PPM CHLORIDE
MLS SAMPLE X DENSITY
NOTE:
Use clean equipment to perform the wall wash.

ORGANIC CHLORIDES ARE PRESENT IN:

CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS

CHLORINATED
AROMATICS

Methylene Chloride
Monochlorobenzene
Carbon Terachloride

Orthonitrochlorobenzene
Ethylene Dichloride
Orthonitrotoluene
Perchloroethylene
Paradichlorobenzene
Trichloroethylene
Paranitrotoluene
Trichloroethane
Chloroform
Organic Chlorides (chlorine) = Total Chlorides - Inorganic Chlorides (salt.)
Chlorides by Conductivity Meter
The inorganic chlorides are complete soluble in water and in most of the chemicals.
Chlorides (salt) are then in ionic form, which can be measured by conductivity.
Distilled water is never complete non-ionic and measure its conductivity as a blank.
Use the correct scale on the apparatus: /umho.
Choose the correct range (0-2000 x 10 ).
The read out is shown for 2 minutes, and switch off automatically.
The cell can be tested by recheck on a standard chloride solution.
A Chloride standard solution of 100 ppm. cl. can be controlled and shows approx. 330/umho.
3

Example:
Concentration
Measured
Conductivity
as cl.
Conductivity
after
blank correction
------- ---------------------------------------------------Distilled water
2
0.5 ppm
4
2
1.0 ppm
6
4
2.0 ppm
9
7
5.0 ppm
21
19
10.0 ppm
39
37
100.0 ppm
324

322
Plot on a curve the measured conductivity against the standard chlorides solution.
The conductivity indicates the maximum possible chlorides content.
Also traces of acids and alkalines (cleaners and chemicals) are indicated.

STANDARD TEST METHOD WATER MISCIBILITY

All organic chemicals are hydrocarbons ( hydrogen - carbon in the bruto structure), not all of the
organic chemicals show a failure on watermiscibility.
Therefore the test must be called watermiscibility instead of Hydrocarbon test.
According to the fact that the surface of a tank or container for the shipping of Methanol must
be
free of any hydrocarbons, a test was performed, starting from the principle that hydrocarbons
together with water fives a milky cloudy solution.
APPARATUS:
Funnel.
Nessler tubes 100 ml. short form.
REAGENTS:
Distilled water Chloride free.
Test Methanol.
PROCEDURE:
Transfer 33 mls Methanol (used for Wallwash) into
one of the Nessler tubes and fill to the upper mark,
with distilled water.
The mixture is shaken and must stand for 20 minutes.
Fill a second tube to the upper mark with distilled water.
Examine vertically against a black ground, a difference
will indicate the presence of hydrocarbons. (cloudy)
REMARKS:
When performing the test use clean plastic throw - away
gloves, and clean apparatus before use.
A visual check can be made in the tank by means of a penlight.(Tindle test)
The light beam will deviate by contamination.

Light bean and look direction

Tindle Test.(Test in a dark area).

Ok

Bottom will work as a mirror

Wrong

NOTE: use clean equipment to perform the

test.

APPARATUS:
Measuring cylinder 50 ml. long form
Pipette 2 ml.

Stopwatches.
Bath with a Constant Temperature: 15.0 C for Methanol.
STANDARD :
Cylinder 50 ml.
For colour standard:

Cobalt Chloride 0.170 g/l

Uranyl Nitrate 0,280 g/l
Disstilled water 20 ml.
Mix thoroughly and add distilled water till upper mark.
This standard represents the final colour, to which the sample solution in
the KMnO solution discolour.
4

REAGENT:
One litre fresh boiled distilled water.
Add 2 ml. of KMNO4 (0.200 g/l) solution.
The Potassium permanganate solution should be store in
Brown bottles and in the dark.
The solution should be prepared fresh and every fortnight or
monthly. Clean glass or bottles must be used.
METHOD:
Clean a 50 ml. measuring cylinder with concentrated hydrochloric acid
(37% vol hcl) to remove all possible contaminants.
Remove all Hcl with water, also the vapours by filling the cylinder
complete for several times.
Wash several times with Methanol or the product as such.
Fill the 50 ml. cylinder (stopper) with the product to be tested,
(Methanol, Acetone, Mek) just below the upper mark.
Place the sample in a bath with a constant temp of 15.0C or 25C
depending on product to be tested. (Acceptable fluctuation +/-0.5C).
When sample has the required temp.
Add 2 ml. of the standard KMNO (0.200 g/l) solution.
Store in the dark at a controllable temperature and compare with the standard
until the violet colour disappears, until it reaches the colour of the standard.
Record the time.
The Permanganate fading time or PTT, expressed in minutes.
4

GENERAL NOTES:
Use clean equipment to perform the test.
Check the methanol before starting a wall wash.
Carry out a blank test for wall wash purpose in order to check the real decrease
of the initial methanol. where we have taken the wall wash sample.
The colour standard is a salt - mixture which can be maintained for several years.

Straight methanol
PTT
90-120 minutes
Normal methanol
PTT
60 minutes
Acetone various required specifications PTT 30 - 60 - 90 - 180 minutes.
Mek straight from production a PTT of several hours is normal.
To have a Ptt test performed on board you must keep in mind that the circumstances are not
ideal.
Try to keep and hold the right temperature.
Is the required time of the wall wash equal to the final product?
Purity of the Methanol used and tested with same Ptt solution?
Equipment used clean?
No fluctuation in temperature from wall wash samples.
Even if the Ptt test taken on board before arrival passed, gives no quarante to have the same
result from the surveyors test. ( Different spots taken by surveyor).
Additional equipment at some of the Jo Tankers Vessels.
Photo spectrometer DR2010 (Ptt test, chloride, Hydrocarbon test, color, carboniles).
Conductivity meter. (chlorides).

11. ACID PICKLING AND PASSIVATION OF STAINLESS STEEL

The reason for acid pickling is to achieve a clean steel surface that has the corrosion resistant
one may expect from the steel grade in question.
The attainment of surface that are free from iron, metallic deposits and other contamination,
depends on combination of proper design, fabrication methods, cleaning and descaling and
protection, preventing the recontamination of clean surface.
Note:

Oxidizing agent (air) must be present and replenished

regularly to
maintain passivity. Passivating is not a constant state, it only exists in
certain environments or under certain conditions. In circumstances
favorable to passivity, Stainless steel has a solution potential
approaching that of noble metals. If passivity is destroyed, the

potential approximates that or ordinary iron. Most corrosion

problems can be traced back to this fact.
Before stainless steel is subjected to acid pickling, it is important to know the composition of
the alloy. On Jo Tankers vessels we are only using two (2) standard compositions. One
composition is to a standard ( acid resistant stainless steel) AISI 316 LN and the other standard
type of acid resistant steel is Duplex Steel 2205.
The acid most commonly used for scale removal are nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid and sulphuric
acid. But there exist no single acid solution or process that is equally effective for removing
oxide scale form all grades of stainless steel.
Acid picking is usually carried out in a mixture of acids containing hydrofluoric. It is in
particular the process for Stainless Steel. Mixtures of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acids have the
advantage of being only mildly corrosive to the majority of stainless steel. The attack is
uniform and the corrosion rate can be predicted easily.
Acid Pickling
All repair jobs such as welding, grinding etc., shall be pickled. All welding of pipes should be
pickled and the most practical execution of pickling a piping system is to circulate the pickling
media via a tank or container. Fluid velocity must not be too slow. Low ambient temperatures
may be a problem, particularly winters in northern countries.
Never pickle more than 20-30 minutes without inspection.
Passivation
In principle passivation of stainless steel surface helps build up the natural oxide layer. A
passivation with nitric acid will, on a clear surface, rapidly build up a sound oxide layer.

The same oxide layer will also form in air but this takes somewhat longer and it will not be as thick.
Cleaning with acid
Surface treatment of stainless steel involving acid pickling and washing is necessary and this is referred to as
passivation implying that a protective film is developed on the steel surface.
In fact this acid cleaning removes contamination which would interfere with the passive oxide film of stainless steel.
This treatment should also be carried out in case of completely ground surface. The pickling ensures the highest
resistance against pitting corrosion.
Pickling with pastes
Pickling with pastes is a methods often applied to areas where surface contamination is evident, for example colored
oxide films near welds etc. Pastes based in nitric acid or mixture of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid should be used. It
is well known that pastes containing ferric chlorides have been
marketed for this purpose. These should be avoided as traces of ferric chloride left on the stainless steel surface are
likely to cause pitting/
Pickling with nitric acid solutions
The best method is to wash down the tank surface with a nitric solution and hydrofluoric acid in a mixture of about
20/30% nitric acid and 3/5% Hydrofluoric acid.
The nitric acid/hydrofluoric acid solution is the most effective comparing with nitric acid alone.
However, care must be taken that the steel surface is not over-etched. Over-etching of stainless steel may produces
coarse surfaces. Guidelines for this procedure are given in A.S.T.M. Standard A.380.
To achieve the best results of passivating/pickling is when the temperature of the mixture can be between 25 and
45C.
NOTE: In view of the unpleasant nature of the operation of pickling / passivation there is scope for use of tank
washing machines or especially spraying nozzle for application of the mixture.
It must be made very clear that pickling pastes and nitric acids give off nitrous fumes, which are strongly toxic.
The toxic effect of nitrous fumes show up much later.