INTERNSHIP AT MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SDN. BHD. IN SHAH ALAM CITY, MALAYSIA

REPORT

Submitted in fulfilment of GD4001 Internship course within the South East

Asian Networking Initiative in Geoinformation and Ocean Sciences (SEA I GO)

By
Faber William Marsahala
Agha Achmad Reza
Branandi Mustafa
Adi Suryo Priyo Jatmiko

15110047
15110060
15110063
15110071

GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG
2014

AUTHORIZATION
This internship report is submitted for approval and authorization of the Geodesy and
Geomatics Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology,
Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Bandung, April 2014
Authors,

Faber William Marsahala

15110047

Agha Achmad Reza

15110060

Branandi Mustafa
15110063

Adi Suryo Priyo Jatmiko

15110071

Approved by,
Supervisor

Dr.rer.nat. Poerbandono
NIP. 19700125 199702 1 001

Authorized by,
Head of the Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Study Program
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Institut Teknologi Bandung

Dr. Ir. Kosasih Prijatna, M.Sc

NIP. 19600702 198810 1 001

Summary
This internship was conducted in Shah Alam. Shah Alam is the state capital
of Selangor, Malaysia. This city is not really far from the capital of Malaysia,
Kuala Lumpur. During our internship, we felt that Shah Alam was a peaceful city
and a very good place to study, because this city was established by the university,
so there were a lot of students here. The company name is Marine Science and
Technology (MAST). We started our internship here from January 18th, 2013 until
January 25th, 2013. MAST to be called in short, is emphasizing into the state-ofart of marine environmental technology and related scientific and engineering
products and services within the met-ocean and hydrographic components. MAST
offers various field of expertise in environmental consultancy services for the
shipping industry, power industry, offshore oil & gas industry, aviation, port
operators, coastal navigation, hydrographic survey and mapping agencies and the
most sophisticated and hi-profile requirements set for defense and military
warfare. Our activity that we did in the internship including discussion,
shadowing the company activities, data processing, and problem solving.

Acknowledgement
South East Asia Networking Initiative in Geoinformation and Ocean Sciences
(SEA-I-GO) program is a great opportunity for learning and self-development. We
consider ourselves very lucky and honoured to have many wonderful people lead
us through in completion of this internship. First of all, we would like to express
our gratitude to Mr Kosasih Prijatna, for giving us this wonderful opportunity of
overseas internship. For us it was a valuable experience to do internship in
Malaysia. We got abroad-mindedness and had a valuable experience being part of
this great institute program. We are also very grateful for Mr. Zainul Anuar Mohd
Ghazali as the CEO of Marine Science Technology, Mr. Rosddi Mad Nor as the
Head of Met-Ocean division of Marine Science Technology and also MAST
employee, for giving us a chance of coming to Marine Science Technology Sdn.
Bhd. We got a lot of information of knowledge especially about Hidrography and
Meteorology Oceanography. It was very helpful for us both in academically and
practically. At last but not least we are very thankful for Saiful Aman, Iskandar
Azlan, Suri Juhari, Nur Hidayah Hassan as the postgraduate student of Geodesy
Universiti Teknologi Majlis Amanah Rakyat (UiTM) for introducing us about
Geodesy of UiTM and showing us a beautiful part of their country.

Content
Summary ................i
Acknowledgement...................................................................................................ii
Content

...iii

Figures

...vi

Tables

..vii

Chapter 1 Introduction...........................................................................................1
Chapter 2 Organization and Industry.....................................................................4
2.1 Company Mission.................................................................................
2.2 Company Vision....................................................................................
2.3 Company Value.....................................................................................
Chapter 3 Work Assignment..................................................................................6
3.1 Arrival at Shah Alam, Malaysia (January 18th 2013).............................
3.2 A Test of Acoustic Current Doppler Profiler (ADCP)

(January

19th2013)................................................................................................
3.2.1 How it Works...............................................................................
3.2.2 Components of ACDP.................................................................
3.2.3 Specifications of ADCP...............................................................
3.2.4 Processing Steps..........................................................................
3.3 Current Meter Propeller Testing (January 21th 2013)...........................
3.3.1 How It Works.............................................................................
3.3.1.1
Installation (Setup Datalog).......................................................10
3.3.1.1.1 Port............................................................................................10
3.3.1.1.2 Connect......................................................................................11
3.3.1.1.3 Probe Configuration..................................................................11
3.3.1.1.4 Sample Setup.............................................................................11
3.3.1.2
Mode..........................................................................................12
3.3.1.3
Run Mode..................................................................................12
3.3.1.3.1 Running The Instrument............................................................12
3.3.1.3.2 Record.......................................................................................12
3.3.1.3.3 Stop............................................................................................13
3.4 DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) Testing (January
22th 2013).............................................................................................
3.4.1 Factors Affecting Positioning Accuracy....................................

3.4.2 AB-V-MA-00538 - LD4S..........................................................

3.5 Multibeam Echosounder Post-Processing Training
(February 3rd 2013)..............................................................................
3.5.1 How it Works.............................................................................
3.5.2 Functions of Multibeam.............................................................
3.5.3 Performance...............................................................................
3.5.4 Tide Data....................................................................................
3.5.5 How to survey............................................................................
3.5.6 Chart Datum...............................................................................
3.5.7 Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW).............................................
3.5.8 LAT (Lowest Astronomical Tides).............................................
3.5.9 Offset Measurements.................................................................
3.5.10 Vessel Reference System.........................................................
3.5.11 Horizontal Measurement.........................................................
3.5.12 Vertical Measurement..............................................................
3.5.13 Post Processing System (using CARIS HIPS and SIPS)
23
3.5.13.1 Create Vessel File......................................................................24
3.5.13.2 Data Parser.................................................................................25
3.5.13.3 Sound Velocity Correction.........................................................25
3.5.13.4 Load Tide Data..........................................................................26
3.5.13.5 Compute TPU............................................................................26
3.5.13.6 Merge.........................................................................................26
3.5.14 X,Y,Z Convention....................................................................
3.5.15 CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth)...............................
3.5.15.1 How it Works.............................................................................27
3.5.15.2 Advantage and Limitation of CTD............................................28
3.5.16 SVP ( Sound Velocity Profilers)..............................................
3.5.16.1 How it Works.............................................................................28
3.5.16.2 Why is Accurate Sound Velocity Critical?................................29
3.5.17 Patch Test................................................................................
3.5.18 Roll offset................................................................................
3.5.19 Pitch offset...............................................................................
3.5.20 Yaw offset................................................................................
3.5.21 Latency test.............................................................................
Chapter 4 Experience and Evaluation..................................................................31

References 33
Appendix A: Log Activity.........................................................................................I
Appendix B: Company Structure...........................................................................III

Figures

Figure 3.1. Port

Figure 3.2. Connection Display
Figure 3.3. Triple Coaxial Connectors
Figure 3.4. Dual Coaxial Connections
Figure 3.5. Tidal levels and Charted Data
Figure 3.6. Tidal Datums
Figure 3.7. Measuring Offsets
Figure 3.8. Multibeam Workflow
Figure 3.9. X, Y Z Convention
Figure 3.10. CTD
Figure B.11. MAST Company Structure

Tables
Table 3.1. Specification of ADCP (Accoustic Doppler Current Profiler)...............8

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Background
As a student of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Study Program at Faculty of
Earth Science and Technology ITB, we have to take 3 credits in GD4091 Kerja
Praktik subject on 6th semester. Kerja Praktik (internship) is needed to debrief
students for the real professional working environment. Students will know the
real situation in a professional standard. The main purpose of doing the internship
is let the students learn how to see things from many perspective to find a solution
from the experience that include engineering aspects and make a report from what
they have learned when they were in the company.
Marine Science Technology (MAST), Malaysia is one of surveying company that
have a networkship with our program study. MAST work in MetOcean services
that provides data for any company which need a data before they do something.
After we looking for the company profile, we were interested to offer academic
mission in doing internship as study case and our preparation to work in a
professional real work environment.

1.2 Purpose
The objectives of this internship are:
For Students:
1. As the requirement of GD4091 Kerja Praktik subject
2. To apply the knowledge based from theory in geodesy and geomatics
course that the students have been obtained during the lectures
3. Getting real experience of the world of work as well as expand the insight
about the real world of work by 80 hours exposure
4. Identify and solve problems in the field of geodesy and geomatics
5. Increase knowledge for the real professional working environment
For Company:
1. Getting input from internship participants for the future of the company
according to geodesy and geomatics scientific field
2. As a consideration for the company in terms of assessment the quality
from students which in turn relates to the recruitment for new employee
from fresh graduate
3. Build networking especially on ASEAN for their future business

1.3 Activity Description

1.3.1 Place of internship
The internship located at Marine Science Technology Sdn. Bhd. (MAST Sdn.
Bhd.) Malaysia which is located at No. 35, Lawan Pedang Street 13/27, Seksyen
13, 40000, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

1.3.2 Time of internship

Internship held on 18th January-5th February 2013.
1.3.3 Participants
1. Name: Faber William Marsahala
Student number: 15110047
2. Name: Agha Achmad Reza
Student number: 15110060
3. Name: Branandi Mustafa
Student number: 15110063
4. Name: Adi Suryo Priyo Jatmiko
Student number: 15110071
1.3.4 Study Case
The internship participants will be identified and analyzed some problems from
the real situation in geodesy and geomatics major that fit with the needs of the
company. Later, the participants should compare what they got with the
knowledge that they have from the college. Besides that the internship participants
will do problems identifying see the condition of the problems or project and find
out the best solution from our perspective. The analysis will be reported in the
report after the internship to help the company solving their problems that related
with geodesy and geomatics major.
1.3.5 Shadowing the Company
The internship participants will be shadowing the company and learn the company
profile.

Chapter 2

Organization and Industry

MAST to be called in short, is emphasizing into the state-of-art of marine

environmental technology and related scientific and engineering products and
services within the met-ocean and hydrographic components. MAST offers
various field of expertise in environmental consultancy services for the shipping
industry, power industry, offshore oil & gas industry, aviation, port operators,
coastal navigation, hydrographic survey and mapping agencies and the most
sophisticated and hi-profile requirements set for defense and military warfare.
MAST is respectable with its enormous good Man-Hour Experience and various
project involvements by its good technical team. In line with the companys focus
to expend its technology development, products and services to the local and
regional industry, MAST has exercising and benefiting from good technology
transfer and international collaboration with various marine instruments
manufactures and educational institutions.

2.1 Company Mission

MAST mission is to provide high quality products and services that meet or
exceed customers expectations for quality and value, in maximizing our
shareholders' value while creating a healthy and happy working environment to
our employees.

2.2 Company Vision

To be the supplier and partner of choice to the customers both in the domestic and
foreign markets.

2.3 Company Value

Always committed in meeting the needs of those who trust us with their projects
and processes. We attempt everyday to sustain a corporate culture based on
integrity, one that is focused on treating customers ethically and making their
priorities, our priorities. The quality of our people, and the skills and dedication
they bring to their work, defines our commitment to our customers.

Chapter 3

Work Assignment

3.1 Arrival at Shah Alam, Malaysia (January 18th 2013)

Four students of Geodetic and Geomatics Engineering Bandung Institute of
Technology as Adi Suryo Priyo Jatmiko (15110071), Branandi Mustafa
(15110063), Faber William Marsahala (15110047), Agha Achmad Reza
(15110060) attended South East Asian Networking Initiative in Geoinformation
and Ocean Sciences Program (SEA I GO) went from Bandung to Soekarno-Hatta
International Airport about 08:00 AM by using travel agent. We arrived in the
airport about 12:00 AM. We were going to go to Kuala Lumpur by using Lion Air.
We departed from Soekarno-Hatta International Airport to Kuala Lumpur about
11:00 PM and arrived in Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) in Kuala
Lumpur about 12:00 PM Malaysian Time. After that, we got our luggage and
another administration (immigration). We continued our trip to the temporary
hotel where we are going to stay and picked up by Batch 1 and two of MAST staff
at 1:00 PM
Then, we took a rest and continued with having late dinner with Batch 1 and staff
of MAST (Marine Science and Technology). After that, we went to hotel to sleep.

3.2 A Test of Acoustic Current Doppler Profiler (ADCP)

(January 19th2013)
We went to office with batch 1 to get introduced ourselves to all of MAST staff.
Then Mr. Rosddi Mad Nor had introduced us to ACDP instrument and software

(ViewArgonaut) before we had lunch. After lunch at 15:00, we started to learn

how to operate ACDP by reading the manual. After that, at 20:00 we went back to
hotel before we helped MAST crew preparation before some of them went to
Brunei until about 23:00. Then, we went back to hotel to take a rest. Acoustic
Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP or ADP) is an equipment that has a function
as current meter, attempting to measure water current velocities over a depth
range using the Doppler effect of sound waves scattered back from particles
within the water column. The term ADCP is used synonymously for all kind of
acoustic current meters. ADCPs are commercially available since the late 1980s.
3.2.1

How it Works

The components of ACDP measures the velocity of water using a physical

principle called the Doppler shift. This states that if a source of sound is moving
relative to the receiver, the frequency of the sound at the receiver is shifted from
the transmit frequency. In order to measure 3D velocities, at least three vector
components have to be estimated, this is why the instruments has four of them.
The ADCP works by transmitting "pings" of sound at a constant frequency into
the water. (The pings are so highly pitched that humans and even dolphins can't
hear them.) As the sound waves travel, they ricochet of particles suspended in the
moving water, and reflect back to the instrument. Due to the Doppler effect, sound
waves bounced back from a particle moving away from the profiler have a
slightly lowered frequency when they return. Particles moving toward the
instrument send back higher frequency waves. The difference in frequency
between the waves the profiler sends out and the waves it receives is called the
Doppler shift. The instrument uses this shift to calculate how fast the particle and
the water around it are moving. Sound waves that hit particles far from the
profiler take longer to come back than waves that strike close by. By measuring
the time it takes for the waves to bounce back and the Doppler shift, the profiler
can measure current speed at many different depths with each series of pings.
3.2.2

Components of ACDP

Components of an ADCP are electronic amplifier, a receiver, a mixer, a clock to

measure the traveling time, a temperature sensor, a compass to know the relative
rotation, and a pitch/roll sensor to know the horizontal. An analog-to-digital
converter and a digital signal processor are required to sample the returning signal
in order to determine the Doppler shift. A micro processor evaluates the sound
velocity at the instrument position using the seawater equation of state, and uses
this to estimate the velocities. This procedure assumes that the same density in the
water column nearby is mainly determined by temperature. Finally, the results are
saved on a memory card.
3.2.3

Specifications of ADCP

Table 3.1. Specification of ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler)

Frequency

1500 kHz

1000 kHz

500 kHz

250 kHz

Maximum

15 m to 25 m

25 m to 35

70 m to 100

120 m to 180 m

Profiling
Range

Velocity up to 100 range cells

10 m/s
0.1 cm/s
1% of measured velocity,

Range
Resolution
Accuracy

0.5 cm/s
Compass / Tilt Sensor
Resolution
0.10
Power
Input
12-24 VDC
Typical Continuous Operating 2.0 to 3.0 W
Consumption
Typical
Sleep
Consumption
Battery

Mode < 1 mW
capacity 1800 Wh

(alkaline, 3 packs at 5 C)
Accuracy Heading
Accuracy Pitch, Roll

3.2.4

Processing Steps

2
1

First, we were given the ACDP equipment by Mr. Rosddi Mad Nor. He said that it
will be very useful for our knowledge and experience, because we wouldnt learn
equipment like this in university, so this is the big opportunity for us. ACDP that
we used is SonTek/YSI ACDP. He gave us a manual CD and ask us to learn about
the installation and operation of ACDPs software and hardware instruments.
After we read the manual, we started to install the softwares into our laptop. There
are 4 applications in ACDP software, those are CurrentMonitor v2.71, SonUtils
v4.20, ViewADP v4.03 and ViewArgonaut v3.72. After installed all of software
applications, we begin the hardware installation. We plugged in any cables to
power supply and laptop. Then, we connected the ACDP to our laptop by rightclick the Computer icon, then click Manage. After that, we clicked Device
Manager and go to Ports(COM&LPT) to change the port into COM1. We used the
ViewArgonaut v3.72 application to operate the ACDP, then clicked the Diagnostic
icon. Because we utilized this equipment in the office, not in the site, we couldnt
try how it works in the exact water. We tested how it works by rub the transducers
for couple of minutes. 3 transducers generate 3 kinds of beams. Each Beams
implied by 3 kinds of colored in the graphic. Beam 1 shown by red colour, beam 2
shown by blue colour, beam 3 shown by green colour. The colour of the
transducers that we rubbed will mount in graphic. For example, if we rub the
transducer that generates the beam 1, the red colour will mount in the graphic
instead of green and blue colour.

3.3 Current Meter Propeller Testing (January 21th 2013)

At 9:00 we went to office to get started the works day. And at 10:00 we helped
MAST crew preparation before some of them went to Brunei. Then helped Batch
1 preparation before they went back to Indonesia. At 13:00 we called by Mr.
Zainul Anuar Mohd Ghazali, the CEO of MAST (Marine Science And
Technology) and Mr. Rosddi Mad Nor as Head of Met-Ocean Division of MAST
Sdn. Bhd. to get an explanation about our job and rules here. At 13.30 we had
been introduced to Current Meter Propeller instrument and software (DataLog)
until 17:00. Then we went to apartment at 19:00 and took a rest. Current Meter is

instrument designed to measure the velocity of moving water (flow velocity) to

determine its discharge, also referred to as streamflow. The Model 105 of
Valeports is an impeller based meter measuring velocity and direction, with
optional temperature and depth parameters.
3.3.1

How It Works

The instrument contains all of the measurement sensors and electronics. The
current meter equipped with a rotating impeller that is driven by the fluid flow to
measure the flow velocity on a basic 1 second cycle. The sensor mounted near the
rotating impeller count the number of revolutions over a given time span
(selected by the operator) and then output this value to a recorder. The advantages
of the impeller current meter include its capability for measuring unsteady flows
and the range of flow speeds it can measure. Disadvantages include the bearings
supporting the impeller can be fouled by a small fiber or hairs or trash. This
Instrument also eqipped with a single compass, in addition, to measure the
dircetion of flow velocity. From this, East and North velocity vectors are
calculated.
3.3.1.1 Installation (Setup Datalog)
In order to operate the unit, the first step is to correctly configure it using the setup
pull down menu in the opening Data Log screen. This menu contain all controls
necessary for communication with the instrument, setup of sampling regime, and
data extraction.
3.3.1.1.1

Port

It is necessary to set the comms port configuration before any communication can
be achieved. Do this by selecting Port from the Setup menu. The following
display will be shown:

Figure 3.1. Port

3.3.1.1.2

Connect

After correctly configured the comms port, it is possible to communicate with the
instrument. Select Connect from the Setup menu. A dialog box similar to that
shown below will appear

Figure 3.2. Connection Display

This box allows changes to be made to the units setup

3.3.1.1.3

Probe Configuration

Set Time : To set the DataLogs and PCs time to be the same
3.3.1.1.4

Sample Setup

Sample Period : To set length sampling cycle of flow speed measurement. For
example, entering 10 in this box will set the sampling cycle to 10 seconds. This
means that the unit will read data from each sensor once every 10 seconds.

Averaging Period : To set the number of Sample Periods over which the data is
averaged. For example setting an Average Period of 6 means that the data will be
averaged every 6 Sample Periods.
3.3.1.2 Mode
Dir: This is Direct Reading where the data is transmitted in real time mode in
intervals defined by the sampling setup
Log: This Logging mode stores averaged data in the instrument RAM in
intervals defined by the sampling setup. No data will be
transmitted in this mode.
Dir & Log: This mode performs D i r and Log i.e. real-time data is
transmitted and stored to internal RAM.
Select the desired operating mode by clicking on the relevant option
3.3.1.3 Run Mode
3.3.1.3.1

Running The Instrument

After all the instrument configurations have been set as required, it is

possible to begin the sampling program. If the you are using the meter in
Direct Following this, the unit enters Run mode. To run the unit in Logging
only mode, either select Run from the Setup menu, or submerge the unit.
The following shown display is the example of scroll data

3.3.1.3.2

Record

It is possible for Direct Reading data to be recorded on computer disk.

After the desired configuration has been set in the Connect Screen, select
Record from the File pull down menu. You will be asked to specify a drive,
directory and file name for the record.

Then proceed to run the unit as

above. The data will automatically be recorded as it is produced.

3.3.1.3.3

Stop

To stop the unit Running in Direct Reading or Both modes, select Stop from
the Setup pull down menu.

The unit will also stop if Connect is selected.

The unit must be stopped in order to allow certain functions to be used in

the displaying of data.

3.4 DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System)

Testing (January 22th 2013)
At 9:00, we went to office before we had breakfast at Al-Raffi Bistro. After that,
we had been introduced to Veripos DGPS instrument and its softwares until 13:00.
After that, we were going to lunch and take a break. After we finished the lunch
we got back to office and continue to learn about Veripos DGPS. Then at 19:00
we went back to apartment to take rest. GPS is a satellite-based global navigation
system created and operated by the United States Department of Defense (DOD)
in 1970s. One of today's most demanding applications of GPS technology is to
track the remote vehicles, or AVL (Automatic Vehicle Location).
DGPS works by fixing a high-performance GPS receiver at a known location and
getting the comparative difference between the signal received and the fixed
accurate position. First, it determines the timing code errors in the satellite signals
by measuring the ranges of each satellite using the signals received. Then it
compares these measured ranges to the actual ranges calculated from its known
position. The difference between the measured and calculated range is the total
error, and this process has been dubbed Differential GPS (DGPS). A GPS receiver
must acquire signals from at least four satellites to reliably calculate a threedimensional position. Ideally, these satellites should be distributed across the sky.
The receiver performs mathematical calculations to establish the distance from a
satellite, which in turn is used to determine its position. The GPS receiver knows
where each satellite is the instant its distance is measured. This position is
displayed on the datalogger and saved along with any other descriptive
information entered in the field software.

3.4.1

Factors Affecting Positioning Accuracy

Many factors affect the positioning accuracy that a user may expect from a DGPS
system. The most significant of these influences include:

Proximity of the remote user to the reference station

Age of the received differential corrections

Atmospheric conditions at the beacon and remote user locations

Satellite geometry, often expressed as a Dilution of Precision (DOP)

Magnitude of multipath present at the remote station

Quality of the GPS receiver being used at both the reference and remote
stations.
3.4.2

AB-V-MA-00538 - LD4S

Triple Coaxial Connectors

Figure 3.3. Triple Coaxial Connectors

The L-Band antenna is connected to the L-Band Ant connection. The other two
GNSS antennas are connected to Aux Ant and Main Ant connection on the LD4SGG2HDT unit to derive GNSS Heading Vector. Depending on antenna choice the
L-Band input will receive corrections from high power Inmarsat L-Band
transmissions. This option will require the user to install 3 antennas and 3 cable
runs.

Dual Coaxial Connections

Figure 3.4. Dual Coaxial Connections

One GNSS antenna will be is connected to the L-Band Ant RF TNC connector
and another GNSS antenna connected to the Aux Ant RF TNC connector. The
Main Ant feed is internally connected to the L-Band card RF output via a RF
Jumper within the unit. The advantage of this option is users will only require to
install 2X - GNSS/L-Band antennas and cables, and able to receive positions and
heading. On February 1st 2013, we went to office at 8.30 from apartment. When
we arrived at office at 9.30, we were directly going to UiTM together with Mr.
Wahab and Mr. Haziq by car. Then we arrived at UiTM science building at 10.15
and Mr. Saiful welcomed us and asked us to get breakfast with Dr. Othman. We
had talked with Dr. Othman and Mr. Saiful for minutes before we took a walk and
went to Science Ukur and Geomatics office with Mr. Saiful, after that he brought
us to their postgraduate research room and got us introduced to Friend of Mr.
Saiful. Then Mr. Azlan, one of postgraduate student, brought us to their GPS
Continuous Station and explained us about GPS station's concept and works. After
all, of the GPS things they brought us to UiTM Gallery and UiTM Art Gallery.
And we went back to office at 13.30.

3.5 Multibeam Echosounder Post-Processing Training

(February 3rd 2013)
We were given a training by Mr. Zainul Anuar Mohd Ghazalis colleague. We
learned about processing data in Multibeam Echosounder Survey. In this training,
there was also some of MAST crew. They want also learned more about this
subject, because they said that the content of this training is really important. Our
focus in this training was the post-processing steps, but before we started the postprocessing, the mentor give the whole concept about Multibeam Echosounder
Survey. He gave the important steps before and after carry out the survey. We
will explain about those steps below. Multi-Beam Echo Sounders offer the
hydrographic surveyor the ability to measure and record seabed bathymetry over a
wide swath beneath the survey vessel. Multi-Beam Echo Sounders are generally
hull mounted or pole mounted to a vessel. The coverage area on the seafloor, often
referred to as swath width, is dependent on the depth of the water. This is
typically two to four times the water depth for deep water systems and up to 10
times the water depth for shallow water systems. Multibeam echosounder
systems are the industry standard in many countries as they offer the surveyor
100% ensonification of the seabed, full bathymetry of the seabed and full feature
detection capability at a high rate of effort. Multi-beam data also provides the
surveyor with useful backscatter information which is building sonar mosaics of
the seabed. The multibeam echosounder is now a very useful tool for the
environmental surveyor who can use the system for environmental surveys and
habitat mapping of the seabed.
3.5.1

How it Works

A multibeam echosounder is a device typically used by hydrographic surveyors to

determine the depth of water and the nature of the seabed. Most modern systems
work by transmitting a broad acoustic fan shaped pulse from a specially
designed transducer across the full swath across track with a narrow along track
then forming multiple receive beams that is much narrower in the across track
(around 1 degree depending on the system). From this narrow beam a two way

travel time of the acoustic pulse is then established utilizing a bottom detection
algorithm. If the speed of sound in water is known for the full water column
profile, the depth and position of the return signal can be determined from the
receive angle and the two-way travel time. In order to determine the transmit and
receive angle of each beam, a multibeam echosounder requires accurate
measurement of the motion of the sonar relative to a cartesian coordinate system.
The measured values are typically heave, pitch, roll, yaw, and heading. To
compensate for signal loss due to spreading and absorption a time-varied
gain circuit is designed into the receiver. For deep water systems a steerable
transmit beam is required to compensate for pitch, this can also be accomplished
with beam forming.
3.5.2

Functions of Multibeam

The multi-beam system has multiple applications in ocean depth surveying, in

volume determination for dredging, in seabed build surveys for offshore industry,
and to find objects on the seabed such as lost packages and sunken ships, in which
activity their high resolution 3D images are especially helpful. For the researches,
it has also many functions, such as current, sediment, and environment studies,
even historical studies, which is usually used to find the shipwreck.
3.5.3

Performance

The multi-beam system measures depths and locates objects on the seabed with
high accuracy. When installed & calibrated properly, the system can measure
depth to 15 cm and discern cubic features with linear dimensions down to 1 meter,
in water depths of up to 40m while those with linear dimensions down to 2m can
be located at depths of up to 100m. However, the image resolution, which enables
small objects to be discerned, is dependent multi-beam frequency: and while the
resolution can be increased by increasing the frequency, this benefit is offset by an
attendant decrease in the accuracy of depth measurement. Nevertheless, the ability
to find small objects and to discriminate between them increases with the
experience of the surveyor. Multibeam sonar systems can provide highly accurate
charts of the bottom bathymetry. The accuracy is dependent on several factors:

Knowing the position of the transducer head relative to the earth, vertically
and horizontally. This data is a starting point for the acoustic pulse.

Knowing the pitch, roll and yaw angles of the transducers head. This data gives a
start and finish orientation for the transducer head.

Knowing the sound speed at the transducer head. This allows the determination of
the arrival angles of the various beams relative to the transducer head.

Knowing the sound speed profile from the transducer head to the sea floor.
This allows the sonar processor to calculate range and to correct for refraction
(bending) of the acoustic beams.
3.5.4

Tide Data

Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the
gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of the Earth.
Some shorelines experience two almost equal high tides and two low tides each
day, called a semi-diurnal tide. Some locations experience only one high and one
low tide each day, called a diurnal tide. Some locations experience two uneven
tides a day, or sometimes one high and one low each day; this is called a mixed
tide. The times and amplitude of the tides at a locale are influenced by the
alignment of the sun and moon, by the pattern of tides in the deep ocean, by the
amphidromic systems of the oceans, and by the shape of the coastline and nearshore bathymetry (see Timing).
3.5.5

How to survey

To survey the tides (high tide and low tide), we use an equipment called tide
gauge. Tides vary on time scales ranging from hours to years due to numerous
influences. To make accurate records, tide gauges at fixed stations measure the
water level over time. Gauges ignore variations caused by waves with periods
shorter than minutes. These data are compared to the reference (or datum) level
usually called mean sea level. While tides are usually the largest source of shortterm sea-level fluctuations, sea levels are also subject to forces such as wind and

barometric pressure changes, resulting in storm surges, especially in shallow seas

and near coasts.
3.5.6

Chart Datum

A chart datum is the level of water that charted depths displayed on a nautical
chart are measured from. A chart datum is generally a tidal datum; that is, a datum
derived from some phase of the tide. Common chart datums are Lowest
Astronomical Tide and Mean Lower Low Water.
3.5.7

Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW)

A tidal datum. The average of the lower low water height of each tidal day
observed over the National Tidal Datum Epoch. For stations with shorter series,
simultaneous observational comparisons are made with a control tide station in
order to derive the equivalent datum of the National Tidal Datum Epoch.

Figure 3.5. Tidal levels and Charted Data

3.5.8

LAT (Lowest Astronomical Tides)

The elevation of the lowest astronomical predicted tide expected to occur at a

specific tide station over the National Tidal Datum Epoch.

Figure 3.6. Tidal Datums

3.5.9

Offset Measurements

Each component or sensor that produces information, unique to its position, will
have a point that is considered the reference point of that sensor. Sonar head, the
motion sensor, and the GPS antenna will have a documented point from which to
measure. The gyrocompass data is not dependent on its position on the vessel so,
therefore, does not require an offset measurement.
3.5.10 Vessel Reference System

When all equipment (sonar head, motion sensor, gyrocompass and GPS) have
been permanently mounted, the physical offsets to a central reference point (CRP)
must be measured. The central reference point (CRP) or vessel reference point
(VRP) is that point that the surveyor chooses to be the origin for the X and Y grid
that will define the horizontal relationship between all of the sensors. The vertical
or Z reference can be the water line or other logical vertical reference. Generally,
the CRP corresponds to the center of gravity or rotation of the vessel. All of the
sensors must have their physical relationship to each other measured and entered
into the data collection software or the processing software. All offsets, between
sensors, are defined by an X, Y and Z offset from a reference (CRP or VRP) point.
The X axis runs athwart ship, i.e. from the port side to the starboard side. The Y
axis runs along ship from the bow to the stern (some software may reverse these

axes). The Z axis runs perpendicular through the reference. The origin can be any
point; the origin will remain the same for all sensors. Some surveyors take the
GPS antenna as the origin for all measurements, others take the sonar head itself,
while others might take the motion sensor (especially if it on the center of rotation
for the vessel). The sign convention is standard for a Cartesian plane, translated to
a vessel: starboard of the reference point is positive, forward of the reference point
is positive. The sign for Z may differ, depending on the data collection or
processing software.

Figure 3.7. Measuring Offsets

The accurate measurement of offsets is vital to the accuracy of the survey data. If
possible, the vessel will be put on a hard stand so that it can be very accurately
measured using standard land survey equipment, such as a total station. However,
this may not be possible and the offsets will have to be measured using a tape and
plumbbob, which is detailed below.
3.5.11 Horizontal Measurement

All measurements should be made with a metal tape measure. A cloth tape can
stretch, it can also be knotted or kinked, unknown to the persons making the
measurements. At a minimum two people should be assigned to take the
measurements, three people will work better with the third person writing down
the measurements. One person will be the holder and the other will be the reader.
Starting at either the reference point or the sensor the distance will be measured.

When either the reference point or the sensor is reached, the two people will
reverse roles: the holder is now the reader and the reader is the holder, the
transverse is made back to the point of beginning, but not using the same path. If
reference marks were made on the first leg, they should not be used on the second
leg back. If the measurement from the sensor to the reference point, in one
direction, agrees with the measurement in the opposite direction, made by a
different reader and holder, then the offset is good. If there is a small disagreement
in measurements, the two measurements can be averaged. If there is a large
disagreement then the process should be repeated. What is a small disagreement?
A few centimeters can be expected.
3.5.12 Vertical Measurement
To measure elevations or the Z offset, the use of a plumb bob is required. This can
be something as simple as a spanner tied to a length of line and lowered from one
deck to the next. The plumb bob will also allow for accurate measurements in the
X and Y direction when transposing them from one deck to the other. The plumb
bob works, of course, by gravity so generally points to the center of the earth. This
being the case, if the vessel is not in good trim, i.e. has a list, the resting position
of the plumb bob may not be at the true vertical point under the place from which
it is being held. This is very critical when transposing X and Y measurements
from one deck to another. The draft of a vessel will not be constant. Prior to going
out on a survey, the fuel and water may be filled up, causing the vessel to settle
lower in the water. Possibly less people are on board causing the vessel to rise
higher in the water. The main concept here is that the draft of the sonar head
changes. All X and Y offsets remain the same as long as the sensors are not
moved, but the Z offset changes constantly depending on the draft of the vessel. If
possible the pole should be marked to show the depth of the head. Measuring up
from the sonar heads acoustical reference, rings can be painted on the pole in 10
cm (or other) increments, with 2 cm hatching between rings. The surveyor may
have to observe the pole over the course of a few minutes to determine where the
water line is and would then estimate the depth by interpolating between the 10
cm depth rings. Another method would be for the surveyor to initially measure

from the sonar heads acoustical reference to the top of the hydrophone pole. This
is the total pole measurement. At the start of a survey day the surveyor will go to
the pole and measure from the top of the pole to the water line (using the tape
measure and plumb bob or similar weight), this is called the dry measurement.
Taking the dry measurement from the total pole measurement yields the wet
measurement, which is the draft of the sonar head. Due to wave motion, the
surveyor may have to take a series of measurements to ensure an accurate reading.
When the draft or Z of the sonar head is determined the Z for the GPS antenna
and the motion sensor can be adjusted accordingly, if the Z reference is the water
line. In most data collection software a Z shift, in relation to the water surface, can
be entered in for the CRP, which will do the vertical adjustment for all offsets. It is
very important that when measuring the draft on small vessels that the person
taking the measurement does not unduly cause the vessel to list towards that side.
Having someone counter balance the weight of the person taking the measurement
is a good idea. This is also true of any temporary list the vessel is experiencing.
On small survey vessels, a person leaning over the side, to take the draft
measurement, can induce upwards, or exceeding a 10cm error in depth readings
during survey operation. On some vessels it is advisable to take draft readings
during the survey or immediately after completion of the survey, as the draft will
change that much. All offset information should be recorded in the daily survey
log and the vessels permanent survey record.
3.5.13 Post Processing System (using CARIS HIPS and SIPS)
Here we were introduced to CARIS HIPS and SIPS which is post processing
software. The HIPS and SIPS product is a comprehensive bathymetric, seafloor
imagery and water column data processing software. HIPS & SIPS enables you to
process simultaneously multibeam, backscatter, side scan sonar, LiDAR and
single beam. Supporting over 40 industry standard sonar data formats, HIPS and
SIPS can easily integrate into any workflow. Proven automated data cleaning
filters and algorithms assist in today's high data volume environments. The latest
technologies on 3D visualization are incorporated in the software, making
processing, and analysis for the hydrographic, oceanographic or any other marine

environment very efficient. The system is consist of acquisition and postprocessing.

CARIS HIPS and SIPS Workflow

Figure 3.8. Multibeam Workflow

3.5.13.1 Create Vessel File

The Vessel file (HVF) in HIPS and SIPS describes the location and calibration of
sensor equipment installed on the survey vessel. Written in Extensible Mark-up
Language (XML), it defines the offsets and any associated error estimates for each
of the sensors. The HVF is created in the HIPS Vessel Editor, and saved to the
folder \VesselConfig. This folder is located the default data directory
...\CARIS\HIPS\71\HDCS_Data. If you create other data directories, the name of
this folder must not be changed. and it always has to be located inside the Raw
Data directory on the same level as the project directories. The HVF is divided
into a number of distinct sections, each describing one type of sensor. The sections
are time-tagged and multiple entries can be defined for different time periods.
These entries can be edited in the Vessel Editor. During the Merge process,
corrected sensor data is combined with the observed data to create a final

position/depth record. A vessel file is created in HIPS Vessel Editor, a separate

application launched from the HIPS and SIPS interface. There are four main steps
to creating and configuring a HIPS Vessel file in Vessel Editor.
3.5.13.2 Data Parser.
Data that is converted to HIPS/SIPS format may be in varying stages of
completion, depending on the data format options. Survey data may or may not
have been corrected for factors such as heave/pitch/roll or sound velocity. Such
correction can be applied during the Merge process and SVP Correction. All HIPS
and SIPS data is organized in a Project/Vessel/Day/ Line directory structure. If
you organize the raw data files according to this structure, then you can convert
line data from entire Project or from multiple Vessel and Day folders contained in
a common Project folder. Use the File Selection Type option in Step 2 of the
wizard to do this. When entire project data has been converted, a Project/Vessel/
Day/Line directory is created for the converted data. If there is already a Project
folder that is identical to the Pre-Process folder, then the line data in the existing
folder is over-written with the new data
3.5.13.3 Sound Velocity Correction
Sound velocity correction is really important in processing multibeam data.
Without sound velocity correction, beam angle errors due to inaccurate sound
speed estimates at the multibeam transducer head will produce significant
horizontal and vertical errors for the outer beam footprints. In CARIS, To apply
Sound Velocity Correction:
1. Select a track line or group of track lines.
2. Select the Sound Velocity Correction command.
The Sound Velocity Correction dialog box is displayed.
Sound Velocity Correction will use either the sound velocity profile from the
converted data, or the last SVP applied to the data. We can choose to load another
profile, or we can edit a profile to use. We also have the option of applying the last
correction method that we used on each line, to the currently selected data.. After

we determine the sound velocity profile, click Process to apply the SVP file to the
selected lines.
3.5.13.4 Load Tide Data
Tidal observation data must be loaded for every track line in multibeam survey
before the merge process can be executed. Tide data is used to generate final
depths relative to the tide datum by subtracting the tide from the sounding depth.
3.5.13.5 Compute TPU

Total Propagated Uncertainty (TPU) is derived from a combination of all

individual error sources. The errors that contribute to TPU such as ; pitch/roll/yaw
errors, latency error, sensor offset estimates, individual sonar model
characteristics. Before Compute TPU, the velocity correction must be inputted
first, and then Compute TPU can be performed. When TPU is being computed, it
always be done on the observed depths, therefore tide and draft offsets will not
affect the values.
3.5.13.6 Merge
The main purpose of Merge process is to calculate the final sounding depth and
geographical position, but the Sound Velocity correction has to be applied before.
A processed depths file is created for each line. This file contains the final
computed geographic position for each depth record. If any of these offsets or
parameters is changed the data must be merged again

3.5.14 X,Y,Z Convention

X, Y, Z convention will influence the system (acquisition and post-processing).
Either brand or the software of the MBES (Multi Beam Echo Sounder) has
different X,Y,Z convention. So, in data acquisition and data post-processing, make
sure that both system component has the same X, Y, Z convention.

Figure 3.9. X, Y Z Convention

Unlike the picture, all the X,Y,Z must have the same direction. If we make a
reference point with ordinate heading to north, axis heading to east, and Z heading
to the bottom of the vessel in data acquisition, so in data post-processing must use
the same convention as the data acquisition uses
3.5.15 CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth)
A CTD measures Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth. Despite the name, all
CTDs actually measure pressure, which is not quite the same thing as depth. The
relationship between pressure and depth is a complex one involving water density
and compressibility as well as the strength of the local gravity field. The CTD data
can be used to calculate salinity, density, sound velocity, and other parameters of
interest.
3.5.15.1 How it Works
The shipboard CTD is made up of a set of small probes attached to a large metal
rosette wheel. The rosette is lowered on a cable down to the seafloor, and
scientists observe the water properties in real time via a conducting cable
connecting the CTD to a computer on the ship. A remotely operated device allows
the water bottles to be closed selectively as the instrument ascends. A standard
CTD cast, depending on water depth, requires two to five hours to collect a
complete set of data. Water sampling is often done at specific depths so scientists
can learn the physical properties of the water column are at that particular place
and time.

3.5.15.2 Advantage and Limitation of CTD

The advantage of CTD casts is the acquisition of high resolution data. The
limitation of CTD sampling is that only a point in space (the sampling site) can be
sampled at one time, and many casts, which are costly and time consuming, are
needed to acquire a broad picture of the marine environment of interest. From the
information gathered during CTD casts, however, scientists can investigate how
physical parameters are related, for example, to the observed distribution and
variation of organisms that live in the ocean, thus deepening our understanding of
the processes that govern ocean life.

Figure 3.10. CTD

3.5.16 SVP ( Sound Velocity Profilers)

The sound velocity profiler is a self-contained, semi-autonomous device, which
collects oceanographic data while the vessel is underway. The sound velocity
profiler system includes a computer controlled winch and deployment system for
a variety of the free-fall sensor systems. For hydrographic surveys, this tool is
used to obtain sound velocity data.
3.5.16.1 How it Works
The Sound Velocity Profiler has the principle by use of a transducer and
reflective-plate pair that is a known distance apart. The device calculates the
speed of sound in water by effectively dividing this known distance by one-half
the time required for a signal to be transmitted by the transducer, reflected by the
reflective plate and received by the transducer.

3.5.16.2 Why is Accurate Sound Velocity Critical?

Beam angle errors due to inaccurate sound speed estimates at the multibeam
transducer head will produce significant horizontal and vertical errors for the outer
beam footprints. Since the ship is underway during the survey it is possible to see
rapid changes in sound speed at the surface. This is especially possible at ocean
fronts or in littoral waters near estuaries. For this reason a sound speed sensor
should be mounted at the multibeam transducer head and sampled with every
ping of the multibeam sonar. Due to the possibility for rapid changes of sound
speed it is better to use a direct measuring sound speed sensor than to calculate
sound speed from CTD data. Sound speed data from CTDs will have 'Salinity
Spikes' in the data which will cause the angle calculations of some multibeam
pings to be in error whenever the ship transits an area of rapidly changing
temperature. Direct measuring sound speed sensors do not exhibit this problem
due to the rapid response time of the sensor. Surface sound speed (sound speed at
the sonar transducer array) should be updated as often as possible for beam
steering. Present day multibeam software programs allow a direct serial port
connection of a sound velocity sensor. With a direct connection, the multibeam
software can poll for a sound velocity update with every sonar ping providing the
best possible accuracy.
3.5.17 Patch Test
The patch test is the first stage procedure which is required in any multibeam
echosounder pre-survey quality assurance. The main purposes of the patch test are
to measure the misalignments of the multibeam transducer caused by the motion
of the vessel. It consist of four individual test, the three determine the physical
misalignment of the multiband transducer (roll, pitch, and yaw) and ones
determines the latency. Each patch test consists of a series of survey lines which
run in a specific pattern, where it is then being used in pairs to analyze roll, pitch,
and yaw. The patch test or calibration survey is important and must be performed
carefully to ensure that the data collected is accurate and reliable. A set of patch
test. This process is known as a pre survey quality assurance, and it is a vital
process prior to conducting a hydrographic survey.

3.5.18 Roll offset

Roll means that the multiband transducer have misalignment motion relative to
longitudinal axis and causes a large depth errors at outer beams. For a better
result, roll offset test better be performed on a flat area or smooth deep bottom and
at opposite lines with the equal speeds.
3.5.19 Pitch offset
Pitch means that the multiband transducer have misalignment motion relative to
lateral axis and cause depth and position errors across the swath. For doing pitch
offset test, It needs a sloped bank feature and better be done at the same direction
lines with unequal speeds.
3.5.20 Yaw offset
Yaw means that the multiband transducer has misalignment motion relative to
vertical axis and cause position errors. The yaw offset test better be performed on
the sloped bank feature and at the opposite line with an equal speeds.
3.5.21 Latency test
Latency is a delay between the fix position and sounding data arrival time, then it
causes positional errors. It needs a sloped bank feature and performed in parallel
offset lines that are run in the same direction with an equal speeds.

Chapter 4

Experience and Evaluation

In this opportunity, we want to express our impression to be the part of South East
Asia Initiatives of Geoinformation and Ocean Science Program (SEA I GO). We
are gratitude to be able to experience this Internship program, so we can feel the
International working atmosphere, especially in South East Asia region. First
thing that popped up in our mind when deciding either took this chance or not was
the financial matter, because no one from this major has ever done any internship
activity in Malaysia. Fortunately, we just had to afford the airplane tickets. It was
quite awkward since that was our first time interacted with local Malaysian
people. The difficulty was the communication capability with the local people
because we were using different native language. We are very fortunate here to
take the internship program in Met-Ocean company located in Malaysia which is
MAST Sdn. Bhd. This opportunity we get from the network created by our
lecturer who is a colleague of the owner of the company, Mr. Zainul Anuar Mohd
Ghazali. We perceive this internship is the opportunity for us to experience about
the company, the worker, and work ethic in Malaysia.
As in the office when we were introduced to some of the tools used to make
MetOcean observations and how it works by reading the manual and we were
allowed to install the software needed by the tool. In addition we also add to our
knowledge of the development of technology and culture in Malaysia that is what
opened our eyes that the Indonesian was not left behind from another country at
South-East Asian like Malaysia. We suppose that Indonesia is superior in number
of human resources and natural resources, but the only problem is how to manage
it for better Indonesia. For the evaluation for this program, we suggest that to
improve the communication between the lecturer, the mentor, and the participant

so the participants can manage their expectation and imagine what would they get
there while they do their internship.
As this was our first experience to join the program that involved with a company,
especially overseas company, we really didnt know anything about the
atmosphere of a company, the worker, work ethic, culture, and so on. But
fortunately, since the first time we met them, they treated us very friendly and
warm. In here, we didnt do any project that related with the company project,
because when we came here, they were doing a project in Brunei, so our project
from Mr. Zenol was to learn anything that available there, like their equipment,
both sofware and hardware. When they shared their knowledge, they treated us
just like their friends, so we didnt get a lot of pressure here. But, our most
precious experience was the people there, because we had a lot of friends and
maybe our future colleagues.
After we accomplished this program, we tried to evaluate how we went through
this precious 3 weeks experience, and we thought that we didnt lead to the
maximum result, because we felt that we didnt get so many knowledge just like
we expected from the beginning. But then, we realized that if it was only about a
knowledge of our profession, we may got better thing here, but we had a lot of
thing that could be happen once in a lifetime. Then, we started to think that if we
are expecting too much, there would only be a dissapointment, so just felt the
process that we went through. About the evaluation of this program, we suggest
that it would be better if the participant of this program is not more than 2 people
for each company. Because, it would make a difficulty from both sides, the
participant and the company if there are a large number of participants. The
difficulty from the company, they have to provide more accomodation and facility,
and for the participant, when the project comes along, the mobilization become
more difficult when they have to bring more people. So, if we had a little number
of participants, we could do more projects.

References
Administration, N. O. (2004). Hydrographic Surveys Multibeam Echosounder
Calibration Report. NOAA.
Hassan, N. (February 2012). Patch Test.
Sips, C. H. (n.d.). CARIS HIPS & SIPS 7.1 Users Guide. CARIS HIPS & SIPS
7.1 Users Guide . CARIS.
Technology, M. a. (2013). Calibration of Multibeam System. Shah Alam,
Selangor: MAST.
Ulf Olsson, M. E. (n.d.). A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO QUALITY
CONTROL AND QUALITY. 1-17.
SonTek. (2001, March 1). Argonaut Principles of Operation. California, San
Diego: SonTek.
Lt(N) Mike, B. Brissette, Dr John E. Hughes Clarke. "Side Scan Versus
Multibeam Echosounder Object Detection: A Comparative Analysis."
Canadian Hydrographic Service,
1997: 1-11.
MAST. "Calibration of A Multibeam System ." USACE Requirements for Patch
Testing (EM1110-2-1003), 2013: 1-30.
Ulf Olsson, Mats Ericson, Stigbjrn Nilsson, Hans is. A Practical Approach To
Quality Control and Quality Analysis of Depth Data. Stockholm:
Hydrographic Office of Swedish Maritime Administration, n.d.
Valeport. Operating Manual For Use With Model 105 Current Meters. St. Peter's
Quay: Valeport Limited, 1999.

Appendix A: Log Activity

Date: January 20th 2013
Time
Details of Work Undertaken
9:00
Brunch at Al-Rafi Bistro with 1st Batch Students
Went to Office with 1st Batch Students
10:00
MAST Fist Orientation (Company and Crew)
Introduced to ADCP Instrument and Software (ViewArgonout) by
11:00
Mr. Rossdi
13:00
Lunch at NLCS with
15:00
Learn About ADCP
17:00
Learned How to Operate ADCP from ViewArgonout
20:00
Went Back to Hotel
Helped MAST Crews prepare Their Stuffs Before They Leave for
21:00
Brunei
23:00
Went Back to Hotel and Sleep
Date: January 21st 2013
Time
Details of Work Undertaken
8:00
Woke Up and Prepared for The Activities
9:00
Had Breakfast at Al-Rafi Bistro
Went to The Office and Helped MAST Crews Prepare Their Stuffs
10:00
Before Leave for Brunei
11:00
Checked Out from Hotel and Moved to The Apartment
12:00
Lunch at Nasi Lemak Cinta Sayang (NLCS)
Helped The 1st Batch Preparation Before They Went Back to
12:30
Jakarta
Introduced to Current Meter Propeller Instrument and Software
13:30
(DataLog) at The Office
19:00
Went Back to The Apartment
Date: January 22nd 2013
Time
Details of Work Undertaken
8:00
Woke up and Prepared
9:00
Had Breakfast at Al-Rafi
10:00
Introduced to Veripos DGPS System and Soft wares
13:00
Had Lunch at NLCS
14:00
Continued Learning Veripos DGPS
Date: February 2nd 2013
Time
Details of Work Undertaken
0:00
Gave Birthday Wishes to Faber William Marsahala
8:30
Went to Office
9:30
Went to UiTM with Mr. Haziq and Mr. Wahab

10:15
10:45
11:30
11:45
12:15
12:50
13:40

Arrived at UiTM Science Building and Welcomed by Mr. Saiful

Met Dr. Othman at UiTM Canteen and Had Breakfast With Mr.
Saiful
Mr. Saiful Invited Us to Sains Ukur and Geomatik Office
Mr. Saiful Invited Us to Postgraduate Student Research Room
Bang Azlan Invited Us to UiTM GPS Station
The Postgraduate Students Invited us to UiTM Univ. Gallery and
Art Gallery
Went Back to Office

Appendix B: Company Structure

Figure B.11. MAST Company Structure

Figure B.11. MAST Company Structure describes Mr. Zainul Anuar Mohd.
Ghazali as the CEO (Chief Executive Officer), Ms. Nurul Hidayah Arifin as the
head of Financial Division, Mr. Rosddi Mad Nor as the head of met-ocean
Division, Mr. Annuar Zaini Abdullah as the head of IT and Network Division, and
Mr. Razali Kabusang as the head of Engineering and Communication Division