Universiti

Malaysia
PAHANG
Engineering . TooInnoloQy CtMy,

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL & NATURAL RESOURCES ENGINEERING

FINAL EXAMINATION
COURSE

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

COURSE CODE

BKF1253

LECTURERS

SURIATI GHAZALI
NORHAYATI ABDULLAH

DATE

8 JANUARY 2014

DURATION

3 HOURS

SESSION/SEMESTER

SESSION 2013/2014 SEMESTER I

PROGRAMME CODE

BKC/ BKG

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:
1.

This question paper consists of FOUR (4) questions. Answer ALL questions.

2.
3.
4.

All answers to a new question should start on new page.

All calculations and assumptions must be clearly stated.
Candidates are not allowed to bring any material other than those allowed by the
invigilator into the examination room.

EXAMINATION REQUIREMENT:
APPENDICES
1. Formulas
2. Tables
DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO
This examination paper consists of TEN (10) printed pages including front page.

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BKC/BKG/131411BKF1253

QUESTION 1
a) The following reaction releases the heat to the surrounding at 26.9 C. Determine the
standard entropy for this reaction.
N2(g) + 31-12(g)

> 2NH(g)

t\H = 35.7 kJ
(3 Marks)

b) By using the van der Waals equation, calculate the pressure of nitrogen gas at 273.15 K
that have a molar volume of 22.414 L/mol. Compare with the pressure of an ideal gas at
the same temperature and molar volume.
(7 Marks)
c) Consider 1 mole of an ideal gas at initial pressure of 1.00 atm and initial temperature of
273.15 K. Assume it expands adibatically against a pressure of 0.435 atm until its volume
doubled. Calculate:
i) Work, w
(8 Marks)
ii) The final temperature, Tj
(4 Marks)
iii) The internal change of the process, AU
(3 Marks)
Given that Cv = 12.47 J/mol.K.

QUESTION 2
a) Iron oxide is reduced to iron by hydrogen gas according to the following reaction. By
using the given information, determine whether this reduction is spontaneous.
Fe203 (s) + H2 (g)

? 2Fe (s) + 3H20 (g)

(12 Marks)

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BKC/BKG/131411BKF1253

b) A stockroom attendant was asked to prepare the following solution:

1.63 g anhydrous sodium carbonate, NaCO3 dissolved in water and diluted to 200 mL.
Calculate the molarity of this solution.
(4 Marks)
c) The addition of 0.24 g of sulphur to 100 g of carbon tetrachloride lowers the freezing point
by 0.28 C. Determine the molar mass of sulphur?
(9 Marks)

QUESTION 3
a) The production of benzene through dealkylation process from toluene is an established
industrial activity. In this study, a 150 g of solution is prepared by mixing 40 wt%
isopropanol (C 3H80) and 60 wt% benzene (C6116) at a temperature of 100C. Given also,
at the same temperature, the vapor pressure of pure benzene is 180.9 kPa and of pure
isopropanol is 74.4 kPa.
b)
i) A mixture can occur in either ideal or ideal-dilute conditions. Describe the differences
between ideal and ideal-dilute solutions.
(4 Marks)
ii) For an ideal solution cases, measure the Gibbs free energy (AG,,,,), entropy (AS,,,) and
enthalpy changes (AHm).
(8 Marks)
b) Magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid and gives off hydrogen gas. Mg ribbon
with 5cm lengths is added to excess hydrochloric acid and the hydrogen is collected in a
gas syringe. The time taken to collect 10 cm of gas is measured for different
concentrations of the acid. The results are shown in the Table 1.

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BKCIBKG/13141/BKF1253

Table 1: The concentration of hydrochloric acid varied with time

Concentration of acid (mol.dm 3)

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

Time to collect 10cm 3 hydrogen (s) 60

30

20

15

1.0
12

i) State the rate expression of the reaction process.

(5 Marks)
ii) Plot the data to determine the order of reaction and the rate constant.
(8 Marks)

QUESTION 4
a) The nitrogen oxide production through an oxidation process of ammonia occurs
efficiently at 298C. The chemical reaction of the process is as follows:
02 (g) + 4 NH3 (g) -) 6 H20 (I) + 4 NO (g)
i) Calculate the standard Gibbs energy change for the oxidation process at 298C.
(12 Marks)
(ii) Estimate the equilibrium constant, Kofthe process.
(5 Marks)

b) One of the criteria that offer response to the equilibrium conditions is temperature.
Interpret the relationship between the equation below with the equilibrium constant, K at
two different temperature.
A - G' = A rH - TArS

(8 Marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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BKCIBKG/131411BKF1253

APPENDIX
Formulas

1.
2.

PV=nRT
/
\
/
nRT I (fl
ial
P=i
V nb)
V)

3.

4.

T =T.I-'VJ )

z.\S=nR1nI( _L

surr = qSUrr

6.

surr
7.

AS =C 1nTi

9.

V
W=nRT1n----Vi
AT = KBbB

10.

W=PdV

11.

qCAT

8.

vAG (products) -

12. t\rG
13.

AG nix

14.

PJ=KH[J]

15.

AS

rnix

=nRT x A 1flX A +X3

=-nR x A lflX A +X8

VL\G (reactants)

lnxB]

1flXB]

16 L r G = A r H - ThrS
17. ArG1?T1T

BKCIBKG/131411BKF1253

CONFIDENTIAL

Tables 1: van der Waals parameter of the gases

a(Pam3moi2)
0.1408
1.337
4.137
1.364

Substances
Nitrogen, N2
Argon, Ar
Xenon, Xe
Oxygen, 02

Table 2: The gas constant in various units

R

8.314

Jmol'K1

8.314

Pam3K1moL'

8.314

dm3kPaK'moF1

83.145

cm3barK'mol'

8.206x10 2

dm3atmK'mol'

62.364

dm3TorrK'mo1'

1.987

calK'mo11

Table 3: Molecular weight of elements

Element

Molecular weight (gmor')

1.01

16.00

12.01

Na

22.99

Cl

35.45

14.01

126.90

32.064

RI

b(105m3mol)
3.91
3.20
5.16

3.19

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BKCIBKG/13 141JBKF1253

Table 4: Thermodynamic data for organic compounds at 298.15 K

Substance

AfH(kJ mor)

Sm(J K' mo! 1)

Cp,m (J K' mo1)

Water, H20 (1)

-285.83

69.91

75.29 1

H20 (9)

-241.82

188.83

33.58

Co (g)
Carbon dioxide,

-110.53

197.67

29.14

CO2 (9)

-393.51

213.74

37.11

142 (g)

130.684

28.824

H(g)

217.97

114.71

20.784

H(aq)

205.1

29.4

CH3 COOH (1)

-484.5

159.8

-875

CH3COOH (aq)

-485.76

178.7

472.65

153.3

2.9

90.3

210.8

29.8

-46.1

192.5

35.1

Carbon monoxide,

Hydrogen,

Oxygen
02(g)
Acetic acid,

Nitrogen
N2 (g)
Nitrogen Oxide
NO (g)
Ammonia
N}{3 (g)

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BKCIBKG/13141JBKF1253

Table 5: Factors for unit conversions

35.27392 oz

Mass

1 kg = 1000 g = 0.001 metric ton = 2.20462 ibm

Length

1 ibm = 16 oz = 5 x 10 4 ton = 453.593 g = 0.453593 kg

1 m = 100 cm 1000 mm = 10 6 microns = 1010 angstroms
= 39.37 in = 3.2808 ft= 1.0936 yd = 0.0006214 mile

Volume

1 ft= 12 in 1/3 yd = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm

1 m=1000 liters = 10 6 cm3 = 106 ml
= 35.3 145 ft3 = 220.83 imperial gallons = 264.17 gal = 1056.68 qt
1 tf 3 = 1728 in = 7.4805 gal = 0.0283 17 m 3 = 28.317 liters = 28.317 cm3

Force

1 N = 1 kg-mIs2 =

dynes = 10 5 g-cmIs = 0.22481 lbf

1 lbf 32.174 ibm-ft/s2

Pressure

4.4482 N

4.4482 x 105 dynes

1 atm= 1.01325x 10 5 N/m2 (Pa)= 101.325kPa= 1.01325 bars

=
1.01325 x 106 dynes/cm2
= 760 mm Hg at 00 C (torr) = 10.333 m 1-120 at 4 C
= 14.696 lbf'in2 (psi) = 33.9 ft HO at 4 C
=29.921 in Hg at 0C

Energy

1J = 1 N-rn = 107 ergs = 107 dyne-cm

= 2.778 x 10 kW-h = 0.23901 cal
= 0.7376 ft-lbf= 9.486 x 10 BtU

Power

1W = 1 J/s = 2.3901 cal/s

= 1.341 x 10-3 hp

0.7376 ft-lbffs = 9.486 x 10-4 BtU/s

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BKC/BKGI1314IJBKF1253

Table 6: Integrated rate laws

Order Reaction
A*P
0
1

AP

Rate Law
v=k
kt = x for O x
v = k[A]
in[A]

t'/2
[A]0/2k
[A]0
(In 2)/k

kt

[A}-x

A*P

1/k[A]0

v = k[A] 2
x

kt =

x)

[A] ([A] -

A+B-*P

v = k[A][B]
1
kr=

[B] 0 [A] 0

A+2BP

([A] 0 x)[B]0

v = k[A][B]
1

1[A]0([B]0

kt=

[B] 0 - 2[A] 0

A* P
v=k[A][P]
With autocatalysis
1

kt =

A+3BP

A*P

[] 0

([A] 0 - x)[B]0

x)
([A] 0 - x)[P]0
[A] 0 ([P] 0 -

v = k[A][B]2
kt=

n?2

[A] 0 -

In

2x)

2x
(2[B]0 - [A] 0 )([B] 0 - 2x)[B]0

1
(2[A], [B] 0 ) ' ___ ([A] 0_ _x)[B]
v=k[A]
1 f
1
1
kt

ni l([ A ] 0 - x)'[A]'

*notes:

x = [P] and v

dx/dt

__________________
21_1
(n-1)k[A]

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BKCIBKG/13141/BKJF1253

Table 7: Henry's Law constant for gases dissolved in water at 25C.

KH /(kPa m3 mol')
Ammonia, NH3

5.69

Carbon dioxide, CO2

2.937

Helium, He

282.7

Hydrogen, H2

128

Methane, CH4

75.5

Nitrogen, N2

156

Oxygen, 02

79.2

Table 8: Boiling-point and freezing-point constants

Solvent

acetone
benzene
carbon
tetrachloride
phenol
water

Boiling point,
C
56.2

Freezing
point, C
-95.32
5.5

Kf,
K.kg.mol1
5.12

80.1

Kb,
K.kg.mol'
1.71
2.53

-23

29.8

76.5

4.95

43
0

7.27
1.86

18.2
100.0

3.04
0.51

2.40

10