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(a)
(i)
max 2
(ii)
(b)
[5]
2.
(a)
(b)
Produces ATP;
A correct equation
(i)
(ii)
R energy store
max 2
max 2
[5]
3.
ATP -
energy source;
to enable formation of actomyosin cross bridges / detachment
movement / of myosin head;
Ca2+ -
max 2
[4]
Sciencemathsmaster.weebly.com
4.
(a)
(i)
(i)
60 millivolts;
(ii)
(ii)
(b)
(c)
max 3
(iii)
0.6 milliseconds;
(iv)
max 3
(d)
(e)
(i)
(ii)
max 2
2
[20]
Sciencemathsmaster.weebly.com
5.
(a)
(b)
max. 2
[3]
6.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
A/A + H;
(ii)
A and I;
max 2
[6]
7.
Quality of communication
The answers to all sections of this question require the use of continuous prose. Quality of
language should be considered in crediting points in the scheme. In order to gain credit,
answers should be expressed logically and unambiguously, using scientific terminology where
appropriate.
(a)
Sciencemathsmaster.weebly.com
4 max
(b)
(c)
6 max
5 max
[15]
8.
(a)
(d)
(e)
Correct working of
48 100
/ or equivalent;
1.6
= 30,000 ;
(Note: Allow 2 marks for correct answer even if no working shown but max
1 mark if units of measurement given)
2
[5]
Sciencemathsmaster.weebly.com
9.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
max 2
Calcium ions:
Bind to troponin;
Remove blocking action of tropomyosin / expose myosin binding sites;
ATP:
Allows myosin to detach from actin / to break cross bridge;
[allow attach and detach]
Releases energy to recock/swivel/activate myosin head / drive
power stroke;
max 3
max 3
max 3
(c)
(i)
(ii)
10.
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Sciencemathsmaster.weebly.com
5 max
(b)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
11.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(i)
A band;
(ii)
correct answer:
22.5 mm ;;
OR relaxed sarcomere length = 48 / = 3 m ;
16
(i)
= 2 marks
= 1 mark
(iii)
2 max
In table:
low
high
low
high
high
low
(1 mark per row;;;)
(ii)
4 max
2
[15]
Sciencemathsmaster.weebly.com
12.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
Acetylcholine./ Ach
(ii)
Diffusion.
(iii)
max 2
2
[8]
13.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
P - actin;
Q - actin + myosin;
R - myosin;
max 4
[8]
14.
multi-nucleate;
striations / sarcomeres / banding;
actin / myosin / contractile protein;
no microvilli / surface not folded;
more mitochondria;
contain myoglobin;
max 3
[3]
Sciencemathsmaster.weebly.com
15.
(a)
(b)
(i)
myosin;
(ii)
actin;
myosin filaments;
form cross bridges to actin / bind to actin;
move actin filaments / actin filaments move;
ratchet mechanism described;
allow relevant reference to ATP as energy source;
allow reference to calcium switch / tropomyosin;
max 4
[6]
16.
(a)
(b)
(i)
actin;
(ii)
myosin;
(i)
mitochodrion;
(ii)
(iii)
4
[8]
17.
(a)
(b)
2
[9]
Sciencemathsmaster.weebly.com
18.
Good
Mark
16
14
Descriptor
Most of the material of a high standard reflecting a
comprehensive understanding of the principles involved and a
knowledge of factual detail fully in keeping with a programme
of A-level study. Some material, however, may be a little
superficial. Material is accurate and free from fundamental
errors but there may be minor errors which detract from the
overall accuracy.
12
10
Average
6
4
Poor
Descriptor
A balanced account making reference to most if not all areas that might
realistically be covered on an A-level course of study
Unbalanced account with all or almost all material based on a single aspect.
Sciencemathsmaster.weebly.com
Descriptor
Material generally selected in support of title but some of the main content of
the essay is of only marginal relevance.
Some attempt made to relate material to the title but considerable amounts
largely irrelevant.
Descriptor
The essay is generally poorly constructed and often fails to use an appropriate
scientific style and terminology to express ideas
19.
(a)
Sciencemathsmaster.weebly.com
4 max
10
(b)
tropomyosin on actin;
calcium ions needed to move it out of the way;
allows myosin to bind to actin/formation of cross bridges;
fewer calcium ions leads to fewer power strokes/
ratchet actions;
needed for activation of ATPase;
3 max
[7]
20.
(a)
(b)
(c)
X ADP,
Y phosphate/Pi/ P ;
4 max
1
[6]
21.
(a)
(b)
(c)
W = myosin
X = actin;
4
[7]
22.
(a)
calcium ions;
bind to/displace tropomysin; (allow troponin)
reveal binding site on actin;
myosin binds to exposed sites on actin/actomyosin formed/
cross bridges form between actin and myosin;
activates ATPase;
Sciencemathsmaster.weebly.com
3 max
11
(b)
(c)
2 max
[7]
23.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
2 max
H zone narrows;
light band narrows;
outer darker regions of A / dark band widen;
2 max
A and B
tropomyosin covers binding site on actin;
no cross bridges formed / ATPase activity on myosin head reduced;
B and C
calcium ions remove tropomyosin;
binding / calcium ions increase ATPase activity;
2
[10]
24.
(a)
(b)
(i)
W = actin;
(ii)
X = myosin;
Sciencemathsmaster.weebly.com
2 max
12
(c)
Sciencemathsmaster.weebly.com
13