IFP|ENG Style & Citation Guide

Style requirements
Document style requirements for IFP012Y are the same as for APS113, with four exceptions as
stated in the table below:
Requirement

APS113

IFP012

Font size

11 or 12 point

12 point ONLY

Font style

standard font

Times New Roman or Arial ONLY

Margin

2.54cm (1 inch)

same as APS113

Paper size

8 by 11

same as APS113

Page number

bottom of the page, centred

same as APS113

Line spacing

single

double

Between paragraphs

skip a line (no indent)

same as APS113

Cover page

provided for each assignment

follow the model below

Example cover page:

Assignment Title

Your name
Name of course + course code
Instructor's name
Date

To repeat, for IFP012Y, you must use 12 point, Times New Roman or Arial font, double-spaced.

Citation requirements
The following citation description is taken from the APS113 document style requirements. You
can read the complete style requirements in your APS113 course package. Citation requirements
for IFP012Y (when needed) are the same as for APS113.
For this course, we will be using the IEEE citation system. A [citation] standard must be used exactly as
it is defined by a standards organization. If you are unsure how to reference something, research the
proper way. DO NOT make up your own system. Incorrect references are always questionable and
may lead to charges of plagiarism.
In your report, sources are referenced consecutively, no matter the alphabetical order of their authors
or titles that is, [1] is the first, followed by [2]. If a source is used repeatedly, it is always identified by
the number it was given when it first appeared in the report. That means the numbers may go from [2]
to [3] to [1], if [1] was previously cited in the report. However, the next new source would follow the
last number; in the case of this example, it would be [4]. It is not necessary to name the authors or
titles of sources. It is perfectly acceptable to write, In [5], a concern was expressed about the
performance of o-rings at temperatures lower than 10C. However, you may never begin a sentence
with a number in square brackets.
In the Reference section at the end of your report, you must list all sources cited in the text. These are
cited in the order they appear in the report, NOT in alphabetical order. Each entry is preceded by the
number with which it is identified in the report.

To cite more than one source at once, put a comma between sources:
as demonstrated in [3], [4], [7]
or a dash, to show a consecutive range of sources:
according to [4] and [6][9]

Citation Guide

If you can't find a citation example here that matches your source, check the original IEEE citation
guide, available online at http://www.ieee.org/documents/ieeecitationref.pdf. If there is nothing in the
IEEE guide that matches your source, try the University of Manitobas guide to IEEE citations at https://
umanitoba.ca/faculties/engineering/departments/mechanical/pdf/NEW-Citing-IEEE-2013.pdf and
posted on Blackboard. Otherwise, use your best judgment, following the closest possible example.
Regarding online dates: if you can't find the date of the article, you should use the date
that the page was last updated. This information is often found at the bottom of the page.
This may only be the month and year (or just the year); in that case use what you have.
You may also be able to find a date by searching page information or looking at the
page source code.
If there is truly no date, write n.d.; however, most professional-level sources have dates.

Online Resources
Online information with an author

For online information, be as specific as possible without being repetitive. If there is a page or article title AND an
individual website name, put the page or article title in quotation marks and the website name in italics (see [1]
below). If not, then just use italics for whatever name you have.

[1]

J. K. Author. (Year, Abbreviated month day). Page or article title, Website name
[Online]. Available: http://websiteurl [Accessed Abbreviated month day, year].

[1]

F. A. Smith. (2013, Jan. 4). Samsung expected to widen smartphone lead over
Apple this year, Reuters [Online]. Available: http://ca.reuters.com/article/
technologyNews/idCABRE90304I20130104?pageNumber=1 [Accessed Jan. 4,
2013].

Online information without an author

Generally the website name is the same as the site owner or company. In this case, you do not need to repeat the
website name again. For example, in [2], the owner is Dow Canada and the web site is www.dow.com. If you do
have an article name, a site name and an owners name, then put the article in quotation marks and the site in
italics, as above in [1].

[2]

Site owner or company name. (Year, Abbreviated month day). Page or article title
[Online]. Available: http://websiteurl [Accessed Abbreviated month day, year].

[2]

Dow Canada. (2011, Aug.). Dow sponsors Habitat for Humanity home [Online].
Available: http://www.dow.com/canada/news/2011/.htm [Accessed Dec. 10, 2012].

Article in an online journal

Note that in this example, there is no day available, so it has been omitted. The abbreviation for pages is pp.

[3]

J. K. Author. (Year, Abbreviated month day). Article title. Journal title [Online].
volume (issue), page. Available: http://websiteurl

[3]

M. R. Lea and B.V. Street. (1998, June). Student writing in higher education: and
academic literacies approach. Studies in Higher Education [Online]. (23)2, pp.
157173. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0307507981233

Podcast or online video with an author or presenter

[4]

J. K. Author, position. (Year, Abbreviated month day). Name of video, Website

[Online]. Available: http://websiteurl

[4]

R. Hammond, presenter. (2010). Richard Hammonds Engineering connections: the

Millau Bridge, Youtube [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=9XusZg_uT70&list=PLA4F2774A610FEBFD&index=8

Podcast or online video without an author or presenter

Note that if there is no date, you should simply write n.d.

[5]

Name of video, Website (Year, Abbreviated month day) [Online]. Available: http://
websiteurl

[5]

Funniest Seinfeld moments, part 1, Youtube (n. d.) [Online]. Available: https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaPxSsK6ZQA

Non-web-based sources
Book
[6]

J. K. Author, Title. City of publisher, Country of publication: Name of publisher, Year.

[6]

B. Klaus and P. Horn, Robot Vision. Cambridge, USA: MIT Press, 1986.

Chapter in a book
[7]

J. K. Author, Title of book chapter in Title of book. City of publisher, Country of

publication: Name of publisher, Year, Page number.

[7]

L. Stein, Random Patterns in Computers and You. New York, USA: Wiley, 1994, pp. 5576.

Handbook, manual, etc. with no author

Note: page is abbreviated p. (pages is pp., as in example [3]). Edition or Editor is abbreviated ed..

[8]

Title of handbook, x edition, Name of company, City of company, Country of

company, Year, Page number.

[8]

Transmission systems for communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric Co., Salem, NC,
USA, 1985, p. 44.

Legal code
[9]

Title of code, Code number, Abbreviated Month day, year.

[9]

Ontario Regulation 350/06 Building Code, Nov. 2, 2012.

PLEASE NOTE: If there's no code number, leave it out. The date here is the date of the last revision.

Standard
[10] Title of standard, Standard number, Abbreviated Month day, year.
[10] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5, July, 1968.

Patent
[11] J. K. Author, Title of patent, U.S. Patent 1,234,5678, Abbreviated Month day, year.
[11] D. F. Cudzik, Easy-open wall, U.S. Patent 3,967,752, Nov. 24, 1975.
Private communication or unpublished information

You should make sure that you have the permission of your correspondant when you cite private communication.

[12]

J. K. Author, private communication. Abbreviated Month day, year. Email:

author@utoronto.ca

[12]

K. Anderson, private communication. Dec. 21, 2012. Email: kanderson@utoronto.ca

Lecture notes
[13]

J. K. Author, Lecture name, lecture notes for XYZ100, Department/Faculty,

University, Term, year.

[13]

S. McCahan, Detailing the requirements, lecture notes for APS113, Faculty of

Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Fall term, 2014.

Common abbreviations
Months:
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June

July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.

Other:
Page = p.
Pages = pp.
Edition = ed.
Editor = ed.
Editors = eds.
No Date = n. d.