Foreword

I will begin by stating that I am a diehard metal fan and thats the main reason why Ive
chosen to write and speak on this topic.

Metal is not only the music of the people victimized by prejudicial clich such as :
satanism , sex , drugs , anarchy etc. Of course metal has its darker aspects but it is not
only dark on the whole. Metal music and the metalheads have never been
understood , and maybe , thats a reason why we enjoy it that much.

I like it because of the energy, raw emotion, lyrical meanings, rhythms, technicality,
progression, diversity, loudness, rebelliousness, and how freely expressive it can be.
Metal can kick out every single heartbeat that your heart struggles to pump while youre
hearing the music. It throws right in your face an oftentimes "epic", exciting approach of
songwriting. I also like how it can vary in its pace.

Some songs can be really fast and technical while other songs can be slow and heavy.
There is really a huge discrepancy in the sub-genres of metal. A ton of different styles to
get into, and even if you're not comfortable with certain styles initially, they might grow
on you. (ex. black metal usually isn't the first genre people get into, since genres like
power metal are more "beginner friendly".)

And thats what Ive tried to emphasize in this presentation , the variety of metal genres.
From heavier to softer , from glam to thrash , from shock to black I am going present the
main genres and their biggest names that had built the biggest , roughest , nastiest ,
nicest and most loyal audience and fans army in music industry.

Heavy metal
1969-1971
Heavy metal is traditionally characterized by loud distorted guitars, vivid rhythms, dense
bass-and-drum sound, and vigorous vocals. Metal genres may have different speed
rhythms, different tunings, different looking styles and different vocal ranges but it all
started in the late 60s early 70s.
The typical band lineup consists of a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead
guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments
are sometimes used to enhance the fullness of the sound. The electric guitar and the
sonic power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element
in heavy metal.
The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a combined use of high volumes and heavy
distortion. The lead role of the guitar in heavy metal often collides with the traditional
"frontman" or bandleader role of the vocalist, creating a musical tension as the two
"contend for dominance" in a spirit of "affectionate rivalry"(Jon Pareles). Heavy metal
"demands the subordination of the voice" to the overall sound of the band.
The classic uniform of heavy metal fans consists of light colored, ripped frayed or torn
blue jeans, black T-shirts, boots and black leather or jeans jackets.... T-shirts are
generally emblazoned with the logos or other visual representations of favorite metal
bands." Metal fans also "appropriated elements from the S&M community (chains, metal
studs, skulls, leather and crosses)." In the 1980s, a range of sources, from punk and

goth music to horror films, influenced metal fashion.

Many metal performers of the 1970s and 1980s used radically shaped and brightly
colored instruments to enhance their stage appearance.
Metal vocals vary widely in style, from the multioctave, theatrical approach of Judas
Priest's Rob Halford and Iron Maiden's Bruce Dickinson, to the gruff style of
Motrhead's Lemmy and Metallica's James Hetfield, to the growling of many death
metal performers, and to the harsh screams of black metal.

Rob Halford (Judas Priest); Bruce Dickinson (Iron Maiden); Ronnie James Dio
(Rainbow,Black Sabbath); Ian Gillan (Deep Purple);Jorn Lande (Millenium,Jorn
Lande); Graham Bonnet (Rainbow);Geoff Tate (Queensryche); Eric Adams
(Manowar); King Diamond (Mercyful Fate, King Diamond); Michael Kiske (exHelloween)

The prominent role of the bass is also key to the metal sound, and the interplay of bass
and guitar is a central element. The bass guitar provides the low-end sound crucial to
making the music "heavy". Some bands feature the bass as a lead instrument, an
approach popularized by Metallica's Cliff Burton in the early 1980s. Some bassists use
a distorted bass tone, an approach popularized by Burton and Motrhead's Lemmy. The
essence of metal drumming is creating a loud, constant beat for the band using the
"trifecta of speed, power, and precision.

Cliff Burton 10Feb.1962/27Sep.1986 - original bassist for Metallica

Metal drumming "requires an exceptional amount of endurance", and drummers have to

develop "considerable speed, coordination, and dexterity...to play the intricate patterns"
used in metal. For certain artists and bands, visual imagery plays a large role in heavy
metal. In addition to its sound and lyrics, a heavy metal band's "image" is expressed in
album sleeve art, logos, stage sets, clothing, and music videos. Some heavy metal acts
such as Alice Cooper, Kiss, Lordi and Gwar have outrageous performance personas
and stage shows. Down-the-back long hair, according to Weinstein, is the "most crucial
distinguishing feature of metal fashion." Originally adopted from the hippie subculture,
by the 1980s and 1990s heavy metal hair "symbolised the hate, angst and
disenchantment of a generation that seemingly never felt at home," according to
journalist Nader Rahman. Long hair gave members of the metal community "the power

they needed to rebel against nothing in general."

Joey Jordison(Slipknot) Winner of the Loudwire Greatest metal drummer vote

poll-2012

Shock Rock
1971-1978
Shock rock is an umbrella term for artists who combine rock music or metal with
elements of theatrical shock value in live performances. Performances often included
costumes and masks. Shock rock also included elements of horror.
With a career spanning the 70s to today, American band leader Alice Cooper refined
shock rock, with expensive, upscale illusionary, graphic stunts, such as feigning
decapitation with the use of elaborate special effects.In the early 1970s, Cooper's
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unique blend of heavy metal and the folk blues, complete with sardonic and inevitably
controversial lyrics, proved a powerful inspiration for many future genre artists such as
KISS of the mid 1970s; W.A.S.P., Gwar, and King Diamond of the 1980s; and Marilyn
Manson of the 1990s

Kiss

Alice Cooper-The

Godfather of Shock Rock

Twisted Sister

W.A.S.P. We Are

Sexual Prophets

Glam metal
1973-1987
Glam metal (also known as hair metal and often used synonymously with pop metal) is a
subgenre of hard rock and heavy metal. It combines elements of these genres with psoft rock
and pop music, adding catchy looks and guitar riffs, while borrowing from the aesthetic of 1970s
glam rock. It arose in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the United States, particularly on the
Los Angeles Sunset Strip music scene, pioneered by bands such as Ratt, Mtley Cre and
slade. It was popular throughout the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, bringing to
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prominence bands including Poison, Cinderella , Mr.Big , Warrant , Heaven , Wihte Lion and
Withsnake.

Poison one of the biggest names of glam metal

metal band on MTV

Lizzy Borden-first glam

Motley Crue Most famous glam band

Like other heavy metal songs of the 1980s, they often feature shred guitar solos.They also
include extensive use of harmonies, particularly in the characteristic power ballads, slow,
emotional songs that gradually build to a strong finale. These were among the most
commercially successful singles in the genre and opened it up to a wider audience that would
not have been attracted to traditional heavy metal. Lyrical themes often deal with love and lust,
concerns inherited from blues music, with songs often directed at a particular woman.
Aesthetically glam metal draws heavily on the glam rock or glitter rock of the 1970s, often with
very long backcombed hair, use of make-up, gaudy clothing and accessories (chiefly consisting
of tight denim or leather jeans, spandex ,latex, and headbands).The visual aspects of glam
metal appealed to music television producers, particularly MTV, whose establishment coincided
with the rise of the genre.Glam metal performers became infamous for their debauched
lifestyles of late-night parties, which were widely covered in the tabloid press.

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Power metal
1976-1987
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal combining characteristics of traditional metal
with speed metal, often within symphonic context. Generally, power metal is
characterized by a more uplifting sound, in contrast to the heaviness and dissonance
prevalent in styles such as doom metal and death metal. Power metal bands usually
have anthem-like songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus
creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.
Anthropologist Sam Dunn traced the origins of power metal back to the late 1970s,
when the groundwork for power metal lyrical style was laid down by Ronnie James Dio.
The fantasy oriented lyrics he wrote for Rainbow, concentrated around medieval,
renaissance, folk and science fiction themes, directly influenced modern power metal
bands.It is mentioned that songs "Stargazer" and "Kill the King", from the 1976 album
Rising and 1978 Long Live Rock 'n' Roll respectively, might be among the earliest
examples of power metal.

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Helloween pioneers of power metal

inventer of the

Dio father of power metal ,

devil horns sign and the best metal
vocalist

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The emergence of the early German power metal scene in particular was made
possible by Scorpions and Accept. Swedish guitarist Yngwie Malmsteen made a
significant impact on many future power metal guitarists, with his accurate and fast neoclassical style. His bandmate Jens Johansson modernized the keyboard sound of Deep
Purple's Jon Lord, which was further incorporated into the genre. American band
Manowar's mythological sword and sorcery lyrics influenced a number of power metal
bands.
Power metal is highly focused on the vocalist, with "clean" vocals being much more
prevalent than the growling vocals often associated with extreme metal. Inspired by
Ronnie James Dio, Michael Kiske, Rob Halford, Geoff Tate and other heavy metal
vocalists, power metal vocals are often in a high register, and the singers vocal range is
usually wide.
Power metal's lyrical themes, though as varied as metal itself, often focus on fantasy
and mythology, camaraderie and hope, personal struggles and emotions, war and
death, or combinations of the listed themes.
Power metal guitarists and bassists generally play rapid streams of notes, but change
chords comparatively slowly, with a harmonic tempo of once per measure or slower.
Fast and demanding guitar solos, however, are almost guaranteed.

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Punk
1976-1987
Punk rock is a rock/metal music genre that developed between 1974 and 1976 in the
United Kingdom, United States, and Australia. Rooted in garage rock,metal and other
forms of what is now known as protopunk music, punk rock bands eschewed perceived
excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. Punk bands created fast, hard-edged music,
typically with short songs, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, antiestablishment lyrics.They had their unique trashy look combined with strange messy
haircuts.
The term "punk" was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the
1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. By late 1976, bands such as the
Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned in London and Television and the Ramones in
New York City were recognized as the vanguard of a new musical movement. The
following year saw punk rock and metal spreading around the world, and it became a
major cultural phenomenon in the United Kingdom. For the most part, punk took root in
local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk
subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive
styles of clothing and adornment and a variety of anti-authoritarian ideologies.

The Ramones
The Clash

Misfits- horror punk

The Exploited

By the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and Oi!
had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired
by punk also pursued a broad range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk and the
alternative rock movement.

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The first wave of punk rock aimed to be aggressively modern, distancing itself from the
bombast and sentimentality of early 1970s rock.Punk speaks about rebellion and
anarchy. Before turning in a mainstream direction in the 1980s, punk attracted a
politically conscious and diverse audience, including both participants of the left-wing
alternative scene and neo-Nazi skinheads. These opposing factions were mutually
attracted by a view of punk rock as "politically as well as musically...'against the system'.

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Propaganda sign promoted by punk kids

Sid Vicios wearing a nazi swastika t-

shirt
The oficial punk anarchy sign

New wave of bitish heavy metal

1977-1983

The New Wave of British Heavy Metal, or NWOBHM /n wbm/, or more correctly
NWBHM was a heavy metal movement that started in the late 1970s, in Britain, and
achieved international attention by the early 1980s.
After Sounds editor Alan Lewis coined the term, journalist Geoff Barton first used it in
the May 1979 issue of Sounds magazine as a way of describing a second wave of

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heavy metal bands that emerged in the late 1970s during the period of punk rock's
decline and the dominance of New Wave music.
The movement developed as a reaction in part to the decline of early heavy metal
bands such as Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple and Black Sabbath.NWOBHM bands toned
down the blues influences of earlier acts, incorporated elements of punk, increased the
tempo, and adopted a "tougher" sound, taking a harder approach to its music. It was an
era directed almost exclusively at heavy metal fans and is considered to be a major
foundation stone for the extreme metal genres; acts such as the American metal band
Metallica cite NWOBHM bands like Iron Maiden, Saxon, Motrhead and Diamond Head
as a major influence on their musical style.

Thrash metal
1983-1990

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Thrash metal is a sub-genre of heavy metal that is characterized most typically by its
fast tempo and aggression. Thrash metal songs typically use fast percussive beats and
fast, low-register guitar riffs, overlaid with shredding-style lead work.Lyrically, thrash
metal songs often deal with social issues and reproach for The Establishment, often
using direct and denunciatory language, an approach which partially overlaps with the
hardcore genre.

Thrash metal's "Big Four", the four bands widely regarded as the genre's most
successful and influential acts, are Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, and Anthrax due to their
status as pioneers of the genre in the 1980s. Some common characteristics of thrash
metal are fast guitar riffs with aggressive picking styles and fast guitar solos, and
extensive use of two bass drums as opposed to the conventional use of only one,
typical of most rock music.
The origins of thrash metal are generally traced to the late 1970s and early 1980s, when
a number of predominantly American bands began fusing elements of the New Wave of
British Heavy Metal with the speed and aggression of hardcore punk. Thrash metal is
more aggressive compared to its relative, speed metal, and is thought to have emerged
at least in part as a reaction to the more conventional and widely acceptable sounds
and themes of glam metal, a less aggressive, pop music-infused heavy metal sub-genre
which emerged simultaneously.
Thrash metal generally features fast tempos, low-register, complex guitar riffs, highregister guitar solos and double bass drumming.Thrash metal rhythm guitar parts are
often palm-muted to create a tighter and more precise sound. Thrash lead guitarists are
often influenced by the New Wave of British Heavy Metal movement. Speed, pacing
and time-changes also define thrash metal. Thrash tends to have an accelerating feel
which may be due in large part to its aggressive drumming style. For example, thrash
drummers often use two bass drums, or a double-bass pedal, in order to create a
relentless, driving beat. Lyrical themes in thrash metal include isolation, alienation,
corruption, injustice, addiction, suicide, murder, warfare, and other maladies that afflict
the individual and society. In addition, politics, particularly pessimism or dissatisfaction
towards politics, is a common theme among thrash metal bands.

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Thrash has maybe the most loyal fans.The genre himself appeared as areaction to glam
scene.Thrash fans are apossed to glam posers and scenes kids. During the 80s in the
thrash underground movement Death to posers and No latex allowed sign could be
found everywhere this inspired Metallicato name their debut album Killem all.This
agression led to the invention of moshing.Thrash was the birthplace of the true mosh
pits,circle pits and wall of death dancing.

The original Metallica-pioneers

Slayer-the heaviest band ever

Hardcore
1987-1993

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Hardcore punk (usually referred to simply as hardcore) is a punk rock music genre and
subculture that originated in the late 1970s. Hardcore music is generally faster, heavier,
and more abrasive than regular punk rock.The origin of the term "hardcore punk" is
uncertain. Hardcore historian Steven Blush says that the term "hardcore" is also a
reference to the sense of being "fed up" with the existin Blush also states that the term
refers to "an extreme: the absolute most Punk."One definition of the genre is "a form of
exceptionally harsh punk rock."g punk and new wave music.
Hardcore has spawned the straight edge movements, whose adherents refrain from
using alcohol, tobacco, and other recreational drugs, and its associated submovements,
hardline and youth crew. Hardcore was heavily involved with the rise of the independent
record labels in the 1980sIt has influenced a number of music genres which have
experienced mainstream success, such as alternative rock, grunge, alternative metal,
metalcore, thrash metal, post-hardcore, and hip-hop.
The early 1980s hardcore punk scene developed slam dancing and stage diving. A
performance by Fear on the 1981 Halloween episode of Saturday Night Live was cut
short when slam dancers, including John Belushi and members of a few hardcore punk
bands, invaded the stage, damaged studio equipment and used profanity. Those band
members included John Joseph of Cro-Mags and Ian Mackaye of Minor Threat. Other
early examples of American hardcore dancing can be seen in the documentaries
Another State of Mind, Urban Struggle, The Decline of Western Civilization, American
Hardcore, and "30 Years of northwest punk.

First wave of black metal

1984-1990
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Black metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. Common traits include fast
tempos, shrieked vocals, highly distorted guitars played, blast beat drumming, raw
recording and unconventional song structures.During the 1980s, several thrash metal
and death metal bands formed a prototype for black metal.This so-called "first wave"
included bands such as Venom, Bathory, Hellhammer and Celtic Frost.

Initially a synonym for "Satanic metal", black metal is often met with hostility from
mainstream culture. Many artists express extreme anti-Christian and misanthropic
views, and several of the genre's "second wave" pioneers have been convicted for
church burnings and murder. There is also a small neo-Nazi movement within black
metal, although most fans and prominent artists shun Nazism and oppose its influence
on black metal.
Black metal was originally used as a term for extreme metal bands with Satanic and
anti-Christian lyrics; today, the most common lyrical theme is opposition to Christianity
and other organized religions. As part of this, many artists write lyrics that could be seen
to promote atheism, antitheism, paganism or Satanism. The anti-Christianity of secular
or pagan artists is often linked to the Christianization of their countries. Other oftexplored themes are depression, nihilism, misanthropy,death and other dark topics.
However, over time, many artists have begun to focus more on topics like winter, nature,
mythology, folklore, philosophy and fantasy.

Death metal
1985-1995
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Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. It typically employs heavily
distorted guitars, deep growling vocals, double kick and/or blast beat drumming, minor
keys or atonality, and multiple tempo changes.

Building from the musical structure of thrash metal and early black metal, death metal
emerged during the mid-1980s.Metal bands such as Slayer, Kreator,Celtic Frost,and
Venom were very important influences to the crafting of the genre. Possessed and
Death, along with bands such as Obituary, Carcass, Deicide, Sepultura, Cannibal
Corpse and Morbid Angel are often considered pioneers of the genre.In the late 1980s
and early 1990s, death metal gained more media attention as popular genre niche
record labels like Combat, Earache and Roadrunner began to sign death metal bands at
a rapid rate.Since then, death metal has diversified, spawning a variety of subgenres.
Death metal vocals are referred to as death growls; hoarse roars/snarls. Death growling
is mistakenly thought to be a form of screaming using the lowest vocal register known
as vocal fry, however vocal fry is actually a form of overtone screaming, and while
growling can be performed this way by experienced vocalists who use the fry screaming
technique, "true" death growling is in fact created by an altogether different technique.
Although often criticized, death growls serve the aesthetic purpose of matching death
metal's aggressive lyrical content.High-pitched screaming is occasionally utilized in
death metal, being heard in songs by Death, Exhumed, Dying Fetus, Cannibal Corpse,
and Deicide.

Grunge
1988-1993
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Grunge (sometimes referred to as the Seattle sound) is a subgenre of alternative

rock/metal that emerged during the late-1980s in the American state of Washington,
particularly in the Seattle area. Inspired by hardcore punk, heavy metal, and alternative
rock, grunge is generally characterized by heavily distorted electric guitars, contrasting
song dynamics and apathetic or angst-filled lyrics. The grunge aesthetic is strippeddown compared with other forms of rock music, and many grunge musicians were noted
for their unkempt appearances and rejection of theatrics.

The early grunge movement coalesced around Seattle independent record label Sub
Pop in the late 1980s. Grunge became commercially successful in the first half of the
1990s, due mainly to the release of Nirvana's Nevermind and Pearl Jam's Ten. The
success of these bands boosted the popularity of alternative rock and made grunge the
most popular form of heavy metal music at the time. Although most grunge bands had
disbanded or faded from view by the late 1990s, their influence continues to affect
modern rock music.Grunge is generally characterized by a sludgy guitar sound that
uses a high level of distortion, fuzz and feedback effects. Grunge fuses elements of
hardcore punk and heavy metal. The music shares with punk a raw sound and similar
lyrical concerns. However, it also involves much slower tempos, dissonant harmonies,
and more complex instrumentationwhich is reminiscent of heavy metal.
Lyrics are typically angst-filled, often addressing themes such as social alienation,
apathy, confinement, and a desire for freedom.Grunge bands had made inroads to the
musical mainstream in the late 1980s. A number of factors contributed to grunge's
decline in prominence. During the mid-1990s many grunge bands broke up or became
less visible. Nirvana's Kurt Cobain, appeared "unusually tortured by success" and
struggled with an addiction to heroin before he committed suicide at the age of 27 in
1994.

Norwegian black metal

1990-1998
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The Norwegian black metal scene was a music scene and subculture in Norway during
the early 1990s, based around black metal. Identified by some as a cult "The Black
Circle" or "Black Metal Inner Circle" it consisted of youths ranging from late teens to
mid-twenties, many of whom gathered at the record shop Helvete ("Hell") in Oslo.
The scene was the focus of controversy due to the strong anti-Christian beliefs of its
members and the crimes they committed. There were two cases of murder, over twodozen cases of arson, and other allegedly "Satanically-motivated" crimes. The scene
drew the gaze of the Norwegian and international media, who often exaggerated the
claims surrounding its members. For example, one Norwegian TV channel aired an
interview with a woman who claimed that "Satanists" had sacrificed her child and killed
her dog.
The Norwegian bands developed the style of their 1980s forebears as a distinct genre
of heavy metal music. This was partly thanks to a new style of guitar playing developed
by ystein 'Euronymous' Aarseth of Mayhem, in which guitarists played full chords
using all the strings of the guitar in place of power chords using only two or three
strings.Gylve 'Fenriz' Nagell of Darkthrone has credited them with this innovation in a
number of interviews. He described it as being "derived from Bathory" and noted that
"those kinds of riffs became the new order for a lot of bands in the '90s".
Visually, the dark themes of their music was complemented with corpsepaint, which
became a way for black metal artists to distinguish themselves from other metal bands
of the time.

Varg Vikernes-Mayhem/Burzum

Immortal

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On 8 April 1991, Mayhem vocalist Per Yngve Ohlin (who called himself 'Dead')
committed suicide while alone in a house shared by the band.[8][9] Fellow musicians
described Dead as odd, introverted and depressed. Before going onstage he went to
great lengths to make himself look like a corpse and would cut his arms while singing.

He was found with slit wrists, a slit throat and a shotgun wound to the head, by Mayhem
guitarist Euronymous. Dead's suicide note apologized for firing the weapon indoors and
ended: "Excuse all the blood".Before calling the police, Euronymous allegedly went to a
nearby shop and bought a disposable camera with which he photographed the body,
after re-arranging some items. One of these photographs was later used as the cover of
a bootleg live album: Dawn of the Black Hearts. In time, rumors spread that
Euronymous had made a stew with bits of Dead's brain and had made necklaces with
bits of his skull. The band later denied the former rumor, but confirmed that the latter
was true. Euronymous used Dead's suicide to foster Mayhem's 'evil' image and claimed
Dead had killed himself because extreme metal had become 'trendy' and
commercialized. Mayhem bassist Jrn 'Necrobutcher' Stubberud noted that "people
became more aware of the [black metal] scene after Dead had shot himself ... I think it
was Dead's suicide that really changed the scene".Emperor drummer Brd 'Faust'
Eithun believes that Dead's suicide "marked the point at which, under Euronymous's
direction, the black metal scene began its obsession with all things satanic and evil".
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Sweidish death/black metal

1990-1998
Swedish death and black metal represent a huge music scene developed in Sweden.
Many Swedish death and black metal bands are associated with the melodic death
movement, thus giving Swedish metal a different sound from other variations of death or
black metal. Unlike American groups, the first Swedish bands were rooted in punk rock.
Although Norway is known for its quantity of black metal, Gothenburg in Sweden has a
large melodic scene, while Stockholm is known for its more raw death metal scene.
Unlike American groups, the Swedish metal scene's earliest originators were influenced
by punk rock, especially the D-beat hardcore punk scene. Bathory, who would
subsequently become a primary influence for the black metal scene, were a pivotal
group in Swedish extreme metal. In the early 1990s, two death metal scenes emerged
in Gothenburg and Stockholm.
Newer bands playing in the "old school" Swedish style include Marduk , Watain , Dark
Tranquility and Dissection.
According to Stewart Mason of Allmusic, the "increasingly melodic" style of Swedish
death metal combines the post-hardcore aggression and guttural vocals of black metal
with melodic and technically proficient guitar lines.

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Gothic/goth metal
1990-1997
Gothic metal (or goth metal) is a subgenre of heavy metal that combines the heaviness
of doom metal with the dark atmospheres of gothic rock. The music of gothic metal is
diverse with bands known to adopt the gothic approach to different styles of heavy
metal music. The genre originated during the early 1990s in Europe originally as an
outgrowth of death-doom, a fusion of death metal and doom metal. Lyrics are generally
dark and introspective with inspiration from gothic fiction as well as personal
experiences.
Pioneers of gothic metal (although the band itself never claim the title of gothic-metal)
are Anathema, from the north of England. During the mid-1990s, Cradle of Filth brought
the gothic approach to black metal.In the 21st century, gothic metal has moved towards
the mainstream in Europe, particularly in Finland where groups such as HIM have
released hit singles or chart-topping albums. In the US, however, only a few bands such
as HIM and Cradle of Filth have found commercial success.
The music of gothic metal is generally characterised by its dark atmospheres.The
adjective "dark" is commonly used to describe gothic music in general while other terms
that are less frequently used include deep, romantic, passionate and intense.Gothic
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metal has also sometimes been viewed as "a combination of the darkness and
melancholy of goth rock with heavy metal". Allmusic defines the genre as a fusion of
"the bleak, icy atmospherics of goth rock with the loud guitars and aggression of heavy
metal" and further notes that "true goth metal is always directly influenced by goth rock
ethereal synths and spooky textures are just as important as guitar riffs, if not more
so".
Gothic metal is a varied genre with bands pursuing many different directions, from "slow
and crushing variations" to "orchestral and bombastic".

Industrial metal
1990-2000
Industrial music is a style of experimental music that draws on transgressive and
provocative themes. The term was coined in the mid-1970s with the founding of
Industrial Records by the band Throbbing Gristle, and the creation of the slogan
"industrial music for industrial people". In general, the style is harsh and challenging.
Allmusic defines industrial as the "most abrasive and aggressive fusion of rock and
electronic music"; "initially a blend of avant-garde electronics experiments (tape music,
musique concrte, white noise, synthesizers, sequencers, etc.) and punk provocation".
The first industrial artists experimented with noise and aesthetically controversial topics,
musically and visually, such as fascism, serial killers and the occult.
Industrial metal is a musical genre that draws from industrial dance music, thrash metal
and hardcore punk, using repeating metal guitar riffs, sampling, synthesizer or
sequencer lines, and distorted vocals.Founding industrial metal acts include Ministry.
Industrial metal blossomed in the early 1990s, particularly in North America, where it
would eventually sell close to 35 million units. It first became a commercial force in 1992
when Nine Inch Nails' Broken and Ministry's Psalm 69 went platinum in America, though
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the latter took three years to reach that status. Following Nine Inch Nails' success,
Marilyn Manson, came to prominence. The group's live performance and its
transgressive appeal was often more commented on than their music.Industrial metal
reached its commercial zenith in the latter half of the 1990s according to the RIAA
databases, its top-selling artists sold around 17.5 million units combined.

Ministry

Marilyn Manson

Nu metal
1995-2000
Nu metal (also known as n-metal or new metal) is a subgenre of alternative metal and
alternative rock. It is a fusion genre which combines sounds, influences and
characteristics of punk and metal with genres such as hip hop and grunge. It is classed
as part of alternative metal. Notable nu metal bands include Korn, Limp Bizkit, Linkin
Park, Deftones, Disturbed, and Slipknot.
Bands associated with nu metal have derived influence from a variety of diverse styles,
including electronic music, funk, glam metal, gothic rock, hardcore punk, hip hop, New
Wave music, industrial metal, jazz, post-punk, symphonic rock and synthpop. Nu metal
also derives influences from multiple sub-genres of heavy metal including rap metal,
funk metal, alternative metal and thrash metal. Groove metal and thrash metal bands of
the same era such as Pantera, Sepultura, Metallica and Anthrax have also been cited
as influential to nu metal.] Anthrax pioneered the rap metal sound by fusing hip hop with
metal on their EP I'm the Man.
Nu metal vocal styles range between singing, rapping, screaming and death growling,
sometimes using multiple of these styles within one song. The lyrics of many nu metal
bands focus on pain and personal alienation. Many nu metal bands use seven-string
guitars (which are sometimes downtuned to increase heaviness) over traditional six29

string guitars.This results in bass guitarists using five-string and six string instruments.
DJs are also sometimes used for additional rhythmic instrumentation such as music
sampling, turntable scratching and electronic backgrounds.
Nu metal music is largely syncopated and based on guitar riffs.Mid-song bridges and a
general lack of guitar solos contrasts it with other genres that part of heavy metal, in
which guitar solos play a major role. Another contrast with other metal genres is its
emphasis on rhythm, rather than complexity or mood, tending towards groove metal in
rhythm. Nu metal bassists and drummers often draw influence from funk and hip hop
break beats, respectively, helping add to the rhythmic nature of the genre.

New wave of american metal

2000
The New Wave of American Heavy Metal (NWOAHM) is a heavy metal music
movement that originated in the United States during the early to mid-1990s and has
expanded most in the recent 2000s.
In the book New Wave of American Heavy Metal, Garry Sharpe-Young helps classify
the NWOAHM as a "marriage of European-style riffing and throaty vocals". Several of
the bands within the NWOAHM are credited with bringing heavy metal back into the
mainstream. The New Wave of American Heavy Metal movement has its origins in a
group of post-grunge acts from the 1990s that brought heavy metal "back to its core
brutality and drawing not from the traditional blues formula but from NY, thrash metal
and punk." Producers behind the 2005 documentary Metal: A Headbanger's Journey
write of the NWOAHM: "In essence, NWOAHM can embody the seething aggression of
the 'hardcore' hormone, but play a type of acrobatic, precise, technical thrash/death
metal synthesis regularly touched by the melody of traditional metal, but often just
briefly. Vocally, these bands huddle around Pantera-derived roar, leaning toward a death
metal bark, but often with 'clean' or 'sung' vocals as ear candy, sometimes from a
member of the band who is not the front man." The producers also reference Machine
Head and Lamb of God as "leaders of the pack"
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Biblography
Metal Evolution (2011) -TV Series -Documentary | Reality-TV by anthropologist Sam Dunn
A Headbangers Journey (2005) Documentary directed by anthropologist Sam Dunn
Global Metal (2008 - Follow up to A Headbangers Journey)
Get Thrashed: The Story of Thrash Metal (2006) directed by Rick Ernst
Until the Light Takes Us (2008) (about the ideology of black metal) directed by Aaron Aites,
Audrey Ewell
Heavy Metal Parking Lot - Directed by John Heyn and Jeff Krulik (1986)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metal_music
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_rock
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glam_metal
http://heavymetal.about.com/od/heavymetal101/p/powermetal.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punk_subculture
http://newwaveofbritishheavymetal.blogspot.ro/
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http://rateyourmusic.com/list/skunkspritz/first_wave_of_black_metal_timeline_and_bands/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grunge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardcore_punk
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_metal
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_metal
http://rateyourmusic.com/genre/Nu+Metal/
New Wave of American Heavy Metal (book) By: Garry SharpeYoung

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