Lecture 19 - One-way Slab

Design
July 21, 2003
CVEN 444

Lecture Goals
One-way slab design
Joist
Slab

Example: One-way Slab

Design
Design a one way slab with a clear span of 10 ft. Use 12
in. wide segment bw. fy = 40 ksi, fc = 3 ksi and a live load
of 325 psf.

Example: One-way Slab

Design
Determine the preliminary slab depth for an internal
section

l correction
h *

28 factor

f y 60 ksi

Example: One-way Slab

Design
The correction factor is: CF = 0.4 + (fy/100)

12 in.
10 ft

40
ft

h
* 0.4
3.43 in. 3.5 in.
28
100

Self-weight of the element for a 1 ft. segment

wDL

1 ft
3
3.5 in.
1.0
ft
*0.15
k/ft
0.04375 k/ft

12 in.

Example: One-way Slab

Design
The factored load

wu 1.2wDL 1.6wLL

1.2 0.04375 k/ft 1.6 0.325 k/ft

0.5725 k/ft

Factored moments demanded

2
w
l
M u u
16
2
w
l
M u u critical
11

Example: One-way Slab

Design
The factored moment

0.5725 k/ft 10 ft

wu l
M

5.205 k-ft
11
11
62.5 k-in.

The depth of the reinforcement (assume #6 bar) is

db
0.75 in.
d h cover 3.5 in. 0.75 in.
2
2
2.375 in.

Example: One-way Slab

Design
Obtain a set of the equations to find (c/d)

Mu

Ru bd 2

Ru 0.85 f c k 1
2

2 M u / 1c
k 1 1

2
0.85 f cbd
d

Example: One-way Slab

Design
Find (c/d) for the given slab

k 1 1

2 62.5 k-in / 0.9

0.85 3 ksi 12 in. 2.375 in.

0.558

c 0.558

0.657
d 0.85
Therefore, the slab is in the compression control region.

Example: One-way Slab

Design
Need the steel to be in the tension controlled region. So
chose an arbitrary k, k=0.3 and k=0.255

0.255
Ru 0.85 3 ksi 0.255 1
0.567 ksi
2

Mu

Ru bd
2

Mu

62.5 k-in.

0.9

3.19 in.
Ru b
0.567 ksi 12 in.

Example: One-way Slab

Design
Determine the depth of the slab with the new d.

db
0.75 in.
h d cover
3.19 in. 0.75 in.
2
2
4.318 in. Use 5 in.
with h =5 in., then d= 3.875 in. Go back and check (c/d) ratio

Example: One-way Slab

Design
The new factored load is

wu 1.2wDL 1.6wLL

1.2 0.0625 k/ft 1.6 0.325 k/ft

0.595 k/ft

The maximum moment is

0.595 k/ft 10 ft

wu l
M

5.409 k-ft
11
11
64.9 k-in.

Example: One-way Slab

Design
Determine the new value for k and (c/d)

k 1 1

2 64.9 k-in / 0.9

0.85 3 ksi 12 in. 3.875 in.

0.172

c 0.172

0.202
d 0.85
Therefore, the slab is in the tension controlled region.

Example: One-way Slab

Design
Determine the area of the steel

Mu

k
As f y d 1 As

2
k

f y d 1
2

64.9 k-in
0.9
As
0.509 in 2
0.172
40 ksi 3.875 in. 1

Mu

Example: One-way Slab

Design
The area of steel is 0.509 in2 per foot. Calculate the maximum
allowable spacing

3h 3 5 in. 15 in. governs

s smaller
18 in.

Select bars and spacing. Use #6 (0.44 in2) per 9 in.

As 12 in. 0.44 in 2 12 in.
2

0.587
in
per foot

spacing ft
9 in. ft

Example: One-way Slab

Design
Transverse reinforcement is due to temperature and shrinkage
so Amin is

Amin 0.002bh 0.002 5 in.12 in.

0.12 in 2

Select bars and spacing. Use #3 (0.11 in2) per 11 in.

As 12 in. 0.11 in 2 12 in.

2

0.12
in
per foot

spacing ft
11 in. ft

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
Determine the required depth and reinforcement for the one-way
joist system shown. The joist are 6 in. wide and are space 36 in.
o.c. The slab is 3.5 in. thick.
fc = 4 ksi fy = 60 ksi
DL = 130 psf (include selfweight)
LL= 60 psf

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
Width of spandrel beam = 20 in.
Width of interior beam = 36 in.
Column: interior = 18 in. x 18 in.
exterior = 16 in. x 16 in.
Story height = 13 ft.

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
Compute the factored moments at the faces of the supports and
determine the depth
wu 1.2wDL 1.6wLL

1.2 0.13 k/ft 2 1.6 0.06 k/ft 2

0.252 k/ft 2

The tributary area is 3 ft wide on the joists

wu 0.252 k/ft 2 3 ft
0.756 k/ft

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
Compute the moments for all of the sections; the
external length is 30 ft 10 in. 18 in. 1 ft 27.67 ft
beam widths

External section:

wu ln2 0.756 k/ft 27.67 ft

Mu

24.1 k-ft
24
24
2

wu ln2 0.756 k/ft 27.67 ft

+
Mu

41.3 k-ft
14
14
2

0.756 k/ft 27.67 ft

wl
Mu

57.9 k-ft
10
10
2
u n

12 in.

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
Compute the moments for the sections; the internal length is
1 ft
30 ft 18 in. 18 in.
27.0 ft
12 in.
beam widths

Internal section:
wu ln2 0.756 k/ft 27.0 ft
Mu

50.1 k-ft
11
11
2

wu ln2 0.756 k/ft 27.0 ft

+
Mu

34.4 k-ft
16
16
2

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
Determine the maximum d for the joist if we use the maximum
moment for (c/d)= 0.3 and k= 0.255, thickness b = 6 in. and a
maximum moment 57.9 k-ft
0.255
Ru 0.85 3 ksi 0.255 1
0.567 ksi
2

Ru bd 2

Mu

12 in.
57.9 k-ft

Mu
ft

0.9

13.05 in.
Ru b
0.567 ksi 6 in.

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
The additional distance, h = d + 0.75 in (cover)+ db
h = 13.05 in + 0.75 in + 0.5 in.=13.05 in. + 1.25 in.
h = 14.3 in.
From 9.5a (ACI Table 9.5)
12 in.
30
ft

l
ft

19.45 in.
h

28
28

Use h = 19.5 in. Depth of joist = 19.5in 3.5 in. = 16 in.

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
Find (c/d) for external column, Mu = 24.1 k-ft (289.2 k-in)
d= 19.5 in. 1.25 in. = 18.25 in.

k 1 1

2 289.2 k-in / 0.9

0.85 4 ksi 6 in.18.25 in.

The area can be computed using

0.85 f cbdk
As f y 0.85 f cba As
fy

0.048

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
The area of the steel

0.85 4 ksi 6 in.18.25 in. 0.048

As
0.30 in 2
60 ksi
The minimum area by definition is

Amin

3 fc
3 4000
bd
6 in.18.25 in. 0.35 in 2

60000
fy

200 bd 200 6 in.18.25 in. 0.37 in 2

fy
60000

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
Calculate the maximum allowable spacing

3h 3 3.5 in. 10.5 in.

s smaller
18 in.

governs

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
Use 0.37 in2 distributed over 3 ft section of the joist

0.37 in 2
2
As
0.123 in /ft
3 ft
Use #3 @ 10 in spacing

As 12 in. 0.11 in 2 12 in.

2

0.132
in
per foot

spacing 1 ft 10 in. 1 ft

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
Find (c/d) for middle of beam, Mu = 41.3 k-ft (495.6 k-in)
k 1 1

2 495.6 k-in / 0.9

0.85 4 ksi 6 in.18.25 in.

The area can be computed using

0.85 4 ksi 6 in.18.25 in. 0.0846

As
0.525 in 2
60 ksi

0.0846

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
Calculate the a value of the beam for the positive moment

As f y
0.85f cb

0.525 in 60 ksi

0.85 4 ksi 36 in.

0.26 in. 3.5 in.

Use 2 #5 bars (As = 0.62 in2 )

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
Find (c/d) for internal column, Mu = 57.9 k-ft (694.8 k-in)
k 1 1

2 694.8 k-in / 0.9

0.85 4 ksi 6 in.18.25 in.

0.121

The area can be computed using

0.85 4 ksi 6 in.18.25 in. 0.121

As
0.75 in 2
60 ksi

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
Use 0.75 in2 distributed over 3 ft section of the joist

0.75 in 2
As
0.25 in 2 /ft
3 ft
Use #4 @ 9 in spacing

As 12 in. 0.2 in 2 12 in.

2

0.267
in
per foot

spacing 1 ft
9 in. 1 ft

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
The summary:
End Span
external negative moment
positive moment
internal negative moment

Mu

Area

Bars

24.1 k-ft
41.3 k-ft
57.9 k-ft

0.37 in2
0.525 in2
0.75 in2

# 3 @ 10 in.
2 # 5 bars
# 4 @ 10 in.

34.4 k-ft
50.1 k-ft

0.44 in2
0.64 in2

2 # 5 bars
# 4 @ 10 in.

Internal Span
positive moment
negative moment

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
Slab reinforcement normal to the ribs is often located at mid-depth
of the slab to resist both positive and negative moments. The
length between joist is 36 in. 6 in. = 30 in. or 2.5 ft.

wu 1.2wDL 1.6wLL

1.2 3.5 in.

0.149 k/ft 2

1 ft
3
2
0.150
k/ft

1.6
0.06
k/ft

12 in.

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
The moment is

0.149 k/ft 2.5 ft

wl
Mu

0.078 k-ft
12
12
2
u n

The d = 3.5 in. 0.75 in. 0.25 in. = 2.5 in. and the k value
will be

k 1 1

2 0.931 k-in / 0.9

0.85 4 ksi 12 in. 2.5 in.

0.004

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
The area of steel

0.85 4 ksi 12 in. 2.5 in. 0.004

As
0.01 in 2
60 ksi
The minimum reinforcement is governed by temperature and
shrinkage from ACI 7.12.2.1

Amin 0.0018bh 0.0018 12 in. 3.5 in.

0.08 in 2 /ft

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
Calculate the maximum allowable spacing (ACI 7.12.2.2)

5h 5 3.5 in. 17.5 in. governs

s smaller
18 in.

Select bars and spacing. Use #3 (0.11 in2) per 16 in.

As 12 in. 0.11 in 2 12 in.

2

0.0825
in
per foot

spacing 1 ft 16 in. 1 ft

Example 2: One-way Slab

Design
Shear at supports must be checked. Since the joists meet the
required in ACI 8.11.8, the contribution of the concrete to the
shear strength, Vc is permitted to be 10% more than that
specified in 11ACI

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
Design a slab for an interior
span of concrete joist floor
system using 30 in forms.
LL = 80 psf
fc = 4 ksi
fy = 60 ksi
DL = 20 psf (excluding
self-weight)

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
Assume an initial thickness of 3 in. For a single
slab without ribs.

wu 1.2wDL 1.6wLL

1 ft
3
2
1.2 3 in.
0.15 k/ft 0.02 k/ft
12 in.

1.6 0.08 k/ft

0.197 k/ft 2

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
Joist Design: Find the minimum height of the joist
from Table 9.5a in ACI Code
12 in.
26 ft

l
ft

14.5 in. Use 15.0 in.

h

21
21

The slab is 3 in. thick so the joist must

extend 15 in. 3 in. = 12 in. below the
slab .

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
Including the ribs in the calculation of the weight with
with a depth of 12 in.
wu 1.2wDL 1.6wLL

1 ft
1 ft 5 in.+7 in.
1 ft
3
1.2 3 in.
*35 in.

12 in.
0.15 k/ft
2
12 in.
12 in.

12 in.

slab
rib

1 ft
1.6 0.08 k/ft 2 *35 in.

12
i
n.

1 ft
1.2 0.02 k/ft 2 *35 in.

12 in.
0.665 k/ft

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
Compute the moments for the sections; the internal
length is 24.5 ft.
For the rib with a negative moment:
0.665 k/ft 24.5 ft

wl
M

36.3 k-ft/rib
11
11
u

2
u n

The d = 15 in. cover db/2 = 15 in. 0.75 in. 0.25 in.

d = 14 in. (Guess a # 4 bar with minimum cover)

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
Find (c/d) for external column, Mu = 36.3 k-ft
(435.6 k-in) d= 14 in

k 1 1

2 435.6 k-in / 0.9

0.85 3 ksi 5 in.14 in.

0.217

The area can be computed using the equilibrium

equation

0.85 f cbdk
As f y 0.85 f cba As
fy

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
The area of the steel
0.85 3 ksi 5 in.14 in. 0.217
As
0.65 in 2
60 ksi
The minimum area required

Amin

3 fc
3 3000
2
bd

5
in.
14
in.

0.19
in

60000
fy

200 bd 200 5 in.14 in. 0.23 in 2

fy
60000

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
Use #4 and 2 #5 bars (As = 0.81 in2 ), to find the
neutral axis

As f y
0.85f cb

0.81 in 60 ksi

0.85 3 ksi 5 in.

3.81 in.
d 15 in. 0.75 in. 0.3125 in.
13.9 in. Use d 13.5 in.

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
Determine the moment capacity of the slab
a
3.81 in.

2
M n As f y d 0.81 in 60 ksi 13.5 in.

2
2

563.4 k-in 46.96 k-ft / rib

Compute the factored nominal moment

M n 0.9 46.96 k-ft 42.3 k-ft 36.3 k-ft

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
Verification for shear strength

Vu @ d wu d
2

24.5 ft
1 ft
0.665 k/ft
13.5 in.

2
12
in.

7.4 kips

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
Verification for shear strength

Vu
f req

bd

7.4 kips
0.75

5 in.13.5 in.
0.146 ksi

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
Compute nominal V

Vn 2 f c bd f n 2 f c 2 3000 109.5 psi

Since fn < freq we will need to enlarge the ribs @ the
ends

breq

f req

146 psi

5 in.
5 in. 6.66 in.
fn
109.5 psi

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
The shear width at 13.5 in. using a commercial form for
b =6.66 in. and 3 in. over 36 in. So 36 in - 13.5 in =
22.5 in. increase in thickness = 22.5/36(3 in.) =1.875 in.
if it is on both sides 5in +3.75 in. = 8.75 in. > 6.66 in.

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
Compute the moments for the sections; the internal
length is 24.5 ft.
For the rib with a positive moment:
0.665 k/ft 24.5 ft

wl
M

25 k-ft/rib
16
16
u

2
u n

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
Determine the beff of the joist
For the rib positive:

16t b 16 3 in. 5 in. 53 in.

governs
beff smaller
s 35 in

L 26 ft 12 in/ft

78 in.

4
4

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
Find (c/d) for external column, Mu = 25.0 k-ft
(300 k-in) d= 13.5 in.

k 1 1

2 300 k-in / 0.9

0.85 3 ksi 35 in.13.5 in.

a 0.02113.5 in. 0.28 in. < 3 in.

0.021

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
The minimum k required for the t section
3 fc
3 3000

0.6444

0.85 f c 0.85 3000

kmin
200
200
0.07843
0.85 f c 0.85 3000

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
The minimum k required is 0.07843
Mu
Mu

k
As f y d 1 As

2
k

f y d 1
2

25 k-ft 12 in./ft
0.9
As
0.43 in 2
0.07843
60 ksi 13.5 in. 1

Use 2#5 (As = 0.62 in2) or 2#4 & 1#3 (As=0.51 in2)

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
Look at the transverse moment along the joist
spacing is 30 in., w = 0.197 k/ft2
2

1 ft
0.197 k/ft 30 in. 12 in.

0.103 k-ft per foot

Md
12
2

Using an elastic analysis for concrete for the

positive moment
tension in concrete
f r 7.5 f c

M n t / 2 6M n

2
3
bt
bt
12

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
The thickness of the slab is checked with an
elastic analysis
6M u /
6M n
7.5 f c 2 t
bt
b7.5 f c
0.103 k-ft 12 in./ft 1000 lb
6

0.9
kip

t
1.29 in. 3 in.
12 in. 7.5 3000

So a 3 in. slab will work

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
The minimum reinforcement is governed by
temperature and shrinkage from ACI 7.12.2.1
Amin 0.0018bh 0.0018 12 in. 3.0 in.
0.065 in 2 /ft

Determine the spacing between the bars

Example 3: One-way Slab

Design
Calculate the maximum allowable spacing
(ACI 7.12.2.2)
3h 3 3.0 in. 9.0 in.
s smaller
18 in.

governs

Use a wire mesh to get the necessary steel,

because #3 bar is 0.11 in2 and with a
maximum spacing of 9 in. the amount of steel
will still be too large. So use a wire mesh.

Example: Interaction Diagrams

The final design is given for joist 12 in deep and slab
thickness of 3 in.