WellPerforation

Perforation is the process of creating holes in

production casing to establish communication
between the well and formation.
Perforation holes are used to recover formation
fluid, as well as to inject into formation or, gas,
cement or other agents.
Perforation helps create a hole in the casing through
the cement and into the formation to form a
channel for the oil and gas to flow from the
producing
formation
into
the
wellbore

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

PurposesofPerforation
Creatingachannelbetweenthepay
zoneandthewellbore.
Causeoilandgastoflowtothe
wellboreeasily.
futurestimulation.
example:Hydraulicfracturing

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

Completioncategories

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

PerforatingGuns
Adeviceusedtoperforateoilandgaswellsin
preparationforproduction.
Ithasdifferentshapesofexplosivecharges
Differentrangeofsizesandconfigurations.
Thediameterofthegunusedisdetermined
bythepresenceofwellborerestrictionsor
limitationsimposedbythesurfaceequipment.

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

Perforationgeometry

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

PerforatingGuns
Casinggun
Expendablegun
Highshotdensitygun

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

Casing gun
Createholesinacasingstring.
Casinggunsaretypically3 to5in.in
diameterandcarryuptofourperforating
chargesperfoot
Allowperforationthroughproductioncasing
usinglargerdiametergunassembly.

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

Expendable gun

Aperforatinggunassemblythatdisintegrates
uponfiring,creatingfinerdebris.
Itisusedwherewellborerestrictionsallow
onlylimitedaccess,asinthroughtubing
applications.
Itisrelativelylightandsimpleindesignwith
phasedexpendableguns.
Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

Expendable gun

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

High-shot density gun

Aperforatinggunhavemorethanfourshots
perfoot.
Improvesthephasing,ordistributionof
perforations,aroundthewellbore.
Enablesimproveddistributionofthe
perforationsaroundthecircumferenceofthe
casingorliner.

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

High-shot density gun

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

Perforationmethods
BulletPerforation
Perforationusinglasertechnology
Horizontalorientedperforatingsystem HOPS

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

BulletPerforation

Bulletslosevelocitywhengunclearance>0.5in.
Oftenuseinaunconsolidatedformations
Cheapertouse,rarelybeenusedtoday
Bulletsplugtheendoftheflowchannel

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

ShapedCharge/Bullet

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

Continue

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

PerforationGun

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

TypesOfPerforation

OverBalancedPerforation: Theseperforationsaremadebeforerunningthe
downholeequipment(tubingetc),whilethewellisfullofcompletionfluid
exertinghsptocounterreservoirpressure.

Herealargeguncanberundirectlythroughthecasingwiththefollowing
advantages.

1,Largeexplosiveloads
2,multipleshotdirectionswithgoodpenetration.

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

Continue

PerforationUnderBalanced.ThesePerforationsaremadeafterwell
equipmenthasbeenruninandoncetheproductiontreehasbeeninstalled,with
thewellfullofalightfluidhavinghsplowerthanthereservoirpressure.

Thegunsarerunintothewellthroughthetubing,bymeansofanelectriccable.

Becauseofthepressureunderbalance,pluggingisreducedorevenavoided
duringandafterthefiring.Additionally,sinceallthewellequipmentisinplace
therearenoaddedsafetyproblemsandthewellisreadytobecleared.

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

RadialPenetration

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

ELineperforationsystem

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

TCPGuns

TCPPerforating(Tubing
ConveyedPerforator).

HereGunsarerundirectlywiththe
tubing.Theadvantagesofof TCP
Perforationare
1,Largediametergunscanberunin.
2,Theycanbefiredwithunder
balancedpressureandwiththe
permanentwellequipmentin
placeifsodesired.

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

Chargestypesexemple

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI

Perforationsystem2

Well Perforation Ahmed JDIDI