SIMPOSIO INTERNACIONAL DE SANIDAD VEGETAL

MANEJO INTEGRADO DE VIROSIS Y FITOPLASMOSIS EN

CULTIVOS DEL PER

TRANSMISIN DE VIRUS DE PLANTAS

Dr. Javier Romero Cano
Departamento de Proteccin Vegetal
INIA Madrid, Espaa
Huancayo, Per 21-22 septiembre de 2012

PROPAGACIN VEGETATIVA

Agrios 2005. Plant Pathology

Cscuta

TRANSMISIN MECNICA

INOCULACIN MECNICA

Agrios 2005. Plant Pathology

Movimiento de los virus en las plantas inoculadas.

Agrios 2005. Plant Pathology

Por insectos

Pulgones

Agrios 2005. Plant Pathology

Agrios 2005 Plant pathology

Principales caractersticas de los diferentes modos de transmisin de virus por los

pulgones (Segn Leclant, 1982)
Virus no circulantes

Virus circulantes
Virus persistentes

Virus no
persistentes

Virus semipersistentes

No multiplicando

multiplicando

Adquisicin

Muy Breve
(segundos)

Breve (minutos)

Larga (Horas)

Larga (horas)

Latencia

No

No

Si

Si

Retencin

Corta (algunas
horas)

Bastante larga
(Muchas horas a
algunos das

Larga (Muchos
das a toda la
vida)

Larga (toda la
vida)

Conservacin
despus de una
muda

No

No

Si

Si

Transmisin a la
descendencia

No

No

No

No / Si

Especificidad de
transmisin

Debil

Directa

Directa

Directa

Por nemtodos, caros y hongos

Agrios 2005. Plant Pathology

TRANSMISIN POR NEMATODOS

Agrios 2005. Plant Pathology

TRANSMISIN POR HONGOS

Transmisin por hongos

Gnero

Virus

Hongo

Tombusvirus

CNV

Olpidium bornavanus

Carmovirus

MNSV, CLSV, CSBV

Olpidium bornavanus

SqNV

Olpidium bornavanus

Necrovirus

TNV, ChNV, LNV

Olpidium brassicae

Dianthovirus

RCNMV

Olpidium bornavanus

Furovirus

SBWMV, OGSV, RSNV

Polymyxa graminis

Pecluvirus

PCV, IPCV

Polymyxa graminis

Benyvirus

BNYVV, BSBV

Polymyxa betae

Pomovirus

PMTV

Spongospora subterranea

Bymovirus

BaMMV, BaYMV, OMV

Polymyxa graminis

RNMV,QSSMV

Polymyxa graminis

LBVV,TSV,FLNV

Olpidium bornavanus

Varicosavirus

VECTORES
caros
Moscas blancas

Hongos

VIRUS NO CIRCULANTES
No persistentes
Semi-persistentes
*Trichovirus (1)
*Closterovirus (1)
Crinivirus (5)
Ipomovirus (2)
Necrovirus (3)
Tombusvirus (1)
*Carmovirus (3)

Cicadlidos

*Badnavirus (1)
*Waikavirus (2)

Cochinillas

*Badnavirus (3)
*Closterovirus (2)
*Trichovirus (1)

Coleopteros

Trips

Begomovirus (41)

Curtovirus (4)
Mastrevirus (13)

Begomovirus (1)
Bymovirus (6)
Furovirus (12)
Varicosavirus (2)
*Cytorhabdovirus (4)
Fijivirus (6)
Marafivirus (3)
*Nucleorhabdovirus (10)
Oryzavirus (2)
*Phytoreovirus (5)
Tenuivirus (10)

Bromovirus (6)
*Carmovirus (3)
Comovirus (14)
SDobemovirus (6)
Tymovirus (21)

*Machlomovirus (1)

Nepovirus (39)
Tobravirus (4)

Nmatodos

Pulgones

VIRUS CIRCULANTES
No multiplicando
Multiplicando
Rymovirus (7)

Alfamovirus
Carla virus (55)
Caulimovirus (17)
Cucumovirus (3)
Fabavirus (2)
Potyvirus (186)
Machluravirus (2)
*Machluravirus (1)

*Closterovirus (10)
Sequivirus (2)
*Trichovirus (1)
*Waikaivirus (1)

Enanovirus (1)
Luteovirus (13)
Poleovirus (5)
Nanovirus (5)
Umbravoirus (10)

*Cytorhabdovirus (3)
*Nuleorabdovirus (7)
Phytorabdovirus (1)

Tosposvirus (8)

Gnero
Alfamovirus
Bromovirus
Capillovirus
Carlavirus
Carmovirus
Caulimovirus
Closterovirus
Comovirus
Cryptovirus
Cucumovirus
Enanovirus
Geminivirus
Hordeivirus
Ilarvirus
Nepovirus
Potexvirus
Potyvirus
Rhabdovirus
Sobemovirus
Tobamovirus
Tobravirus
Tospovirus
Tombusvirus
Tymovirus
Viroides

N de miembros
En el gnero
1
6
4
60
18
34
28
15
31
3
1
102
4
17
40
36
179
15
14
17
3
13
13
23
15

% transmisin por
semilla

Semilla
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
6
31
3
1
1
1
8
17
4
16
1
4
7
3
1
1
3
5

1-23
-1-60
2-90
10-40
1-100
-1-90
100
<1-1
1-2
--1-90
3-100
1-6
<1-80
-1-80
1-20
1-35
1-95
----

Virus donde la transmisin por la semilla es importante econmicamente

EN LAS LEGUMINOSAS
Comovirus

BBSV
BBTMV

Broad bean stain virus

Broad bean true mosaic virus

Haba
Haba

Cucumovirus
Nepovirus

CMV
TRSV

Cucumber mosaic virus

Tobacco ringspot virus

Man, frijol caupi, lupinus

soja

Pecluvirus

IPOCV
PCV

Indian peanut clump virus

Peanut clump virus

Man
man

Potyvirus

BCMV
BCMNV
BYMV
CABMV
PeMoV
PSbMV
SMV

Bean common mosaic virus

Bean common mosaic necrotic virus
Bean yellow mosaic virus
Cowpea aphid borne virus
Peanut mottle virus
Pea seed borne mosaic virus
Soybean mosaic virus

Friljo, man, caupi

Frijol
Lupinusd
Caupi
Man
Lenteja, arvejas
soja

Tobravirus

PEBV

Pea early browning virus

Arvejas

No clasificados
EN LAS HORTALIZAS
Carmovirus
Comovirus
Potyvirus

ULCV

Urddean leaf crinckle virus

Vigna mungo y V. radiata

MNSV
SqMV
LMV

Melon necrotic spot virus

Squash mosaic virus
Lettuce mosaic virus

Meln
Calabaza, meln
Lechuga

CGMMV
PMMoV
TMV
ToMV

Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus

Pepper mild mottle virus
Tobacco mosaic virus
Tomato mosaic virus

Cucurbitceas
Pimiento
Pimiento, tomate
Pimiento, tomate

SBWMV
BSMV
IPCV
MDMV
HPDV

Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus

Barley stripe mosaic virus
Indian peanut clump virus
Maize dearf mosaic virus
High plain disease virus

Trigo, centeno
Cebada
Trigo
Maz
maz

Tobamovirus

EN LOS CEREALES
Furovirus
Hordeivirus
Pecluvirus
Potyvirus
No clasificados

7.- Por polen.

Virus

Planta

BlShV

Arndano

PDV

Frutales de hueso

PNRSV

Frutales de hueso

TSV

Varios

AYRSV

Alcachofa

BLMoV

Arndano

CLRV

Nogal, betula

Sobemovirus

SoMV

Chenopodium

Idaeovirus

RBDV

Frambruesa

Viroides

ASSVd

Manzana

ASBVd

Aguacate

CSVd

Crisantemo, Tomate

CEVd

Citricos, tomate

CCCVd

Coco

HSVd

Pepino, lupulo,vid, tomate

PSTVd

Patata, tomate

Gnero
Ilarvirus

Nepovirus

8.- Por el suelo y agua.

Tobamovirus

Tombusvirus

Carmovirus

etc.

 Semillas

Polen
Cscuta
Bacteria
Nematdos
Suelo

Injertos
Hongos
Insectos
caros

Avin, automvil, barco, tren, correo, Seur, DHL etc

EL HOMBRE

Enfermedades virales emergentes en tomate

Fruit symptoms of the Tomato Chocolate

disease virus, Torradovirus

Horticultura en Almeria

PROBLEMAS EXPRESADOS POR LOS AGRICULTORES

% OF PRODUCERS

Seed quality
Water quality
Fertirrigation control
Irrigation control
PROBLEM

Pricing of produce
Lack of Humidity
Lack of Temperature
Excess Temperature
Ventilation
Excess Humidity
Viruses, pests & diseases
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

PVY, ToMV, CMV, WMV-2, BPYV

ZYMV, PMMoV
MNSV

TMGMV
TSWV
CYSDV

TYLCV
TBSV
TYLCSV
SqMV

CLSV, SBMV, ToCV, CVYV

Cucumber Leaf Spot Virus

(CLSV)
genus Aureusvirus, family Tombusviridae,
Isometric virions with ssRNA genome of
approx. 4,4 Kb.
The virus is transmitted by seed and by
Olpidium bornovanus.
Symtoms in cucumber chlorotic spots on
leaves.

Symptoms on leaves

O. bornovanus quists in roots of

cucumber with symptoms of CLSV

Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV)

Genus Sobemovirus,
isometriccon particles with ssRNA genome of
approx. 4,1 Kb
The virus is transmitted by contact and soil.

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV)

genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae,
virions are long flexuous filaments, (12 800900 nm ?);
genome composed of 2 (+) ss RNAs (aprox. 9
and 10 Kb?)
Transmission by Bemisia tabaci whiteflies.

Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV)

genus Ipomovirus, family Potyviridae,
virions are long, rod-shaped, (16 740-800
nm);
genome composed of (+) ss RNA of 9.7 Kb
Transmission by Bemisia tabaci whiteflies.

Cucumber

Watermelon

Melon

CLSV, SBMV, ToCV, CVYV

PepMV

CLSV, SBMV, ToCV, CVYV

PepMV - (Pepino mosaic virus)

genus Potexvirus, family Flexiviridae,
virions flexuous filaments, (11 500
nm); genome composed of (+) ss RNA of
6.5 Kb.
Virus transmitted by contact.

PepMV

CLSV, SBMV, ToCV, CVYV

PepMV

PVX

CLSV, SBMV, ToCV, CVYV

Potato virus X
genus Potexvirus, family Flexiviridae,
virions flexuous filaments, (13 515
nm); genome composed of (+) ss RNA of
6.5 Kb.
Virus transmitted by contact.

PepMV

PVX

CLSV, SBMV, ToCV, CVYV

TSWV
PepMV

PVX

CLSV, SBMV, ToCV, CVYV

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)

genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae,
isometric virions 85 nm in diameter; genome
composed of 3 (-)ss RNAs of 89, 5.4, 2.9, 7, 27 Kb
The virus is transmitted by Frankliniella
occidentalis.
Autumn 2003: TSWV resistance-breaking strain in
Capsicum spp. carrying the Tsw gene

TSWV
PepMV

PVX

CLSV, SBMV, ToCV, CVYV

BnYDV,PMoV
TSWV
PepMV

PVX

CLSV, SBMV, ToCV, CVYV

Parietaria mottle virus (PMoV)

genus Ilarvirus, family Bromoviridae,
quasi-isometric particles 2436 nm in diameter; genome
composed of 4 (+) ss RNAs of 43, 37, 27 and 11 Kb.
Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by
grafting; pollen

Bean yellow disorder virus (BnYDV)

genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae,
virions are long flexuous filaments, (12
800-900 nm ?); genome composed of 2
(+) ss RNAs (aprox. 9 and 10 Kb?)
Virus transmitted by Bemisia tabaci
whiteflies

GRACIAS