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Acknowledgement
The Context
FUTURE (Smart Grid)
Conventional
Generation
Conv. Generation
++ RES
Security
Aging
Assets
Transmission
Transmission
++ HVDC
EHV Distribution
HV Distribution
LV Distribution
Unresponsive
Demand, no Storage
Technology
Markets
Climate
Change
DG
EHV Distribution
DG
HV Distribution
DG
LV Distribution
100 MW
MW
People
MW
EV
EHP
TODAY
The Challenges
LV Distribution Networks (400V)
Voltage rise/drops due to PV panels/EVs
Thermal limits: Are the wires fit for purpose?
More unbalances? etc.
Observability
Controllability
Voltage
Management
...
Thermal,
Fault Mgmt
Integration of
Solutions
Variability?
2013 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester
Monitoring
Protection
Energy Efficiency
... assuming all non-Smart Grid aspects can be modelled (which
are already significant challenges in some cases).
2013 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester
Modelling Challenges
Low carbon technologies
2.5
2.0
Demand response
Energy storage
1.5
1.0
0.5
1381
1321
1261
1201
1141
1081
961
1021
901
841
781
661
721
601
541
481
421
361
301
241
181
121
61
0.0
Minute
Wind Profile
Demand Profile
p.u. Voltage
1.10
(p.u.)
0.8
Voltage Profile w/ DG
High Voltages
1.05
0.6
1.00
0.4
0.95
0.2
0
12
Time (Hour)
16
20
24
0.90
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
Modelling Challenges
Communications and control
Smart meters deployed throughout the system
High-speed communications for metering and controls
Effective Distribution State Estimation
Distribution Network
Measurement (SCADA)
DG-201
DG-206
DG-209
0.8
0.6
0.4
No
Nom
DG Set
Points
constraints
Violations
Yes
Off Nom
11
16
21
26
31
36
41
Time (minutes)
46
51
56
Distribution NMS
1.0
61
NMS Optimisation Engine:
Optimal Set Points for active elements
(OLTCs, DG)
10
Modelling Challenges
Improved energy efficiency
End-use efficiency
Delivery efficiency
At the planning stage
Operationally, e.g., active volt-var regulation
350
Total Losses
300
Losses, kW
250
200
150
100
Load Losses
50
No-Load Losses
0
5200
5250
5300
5350
Hour (1 Week)
11
12
13
14
15
Time-series simulation
Meshed network solution capability
Better modelling of Smart Grid controllers
Advanced load and generation modelling
High phase order modelling (>3 phases)
Integrated harmonics
User-defined (scriptable) behaviour
Dynamics for distributed generation studies
...
16
EPRIs Vision
Distribution planning and distribution management systems
17
18