Serial no.

Roll No

Name

Email id

Mobile no.

Room no &
Hostel

IDD19

13084019

Sudeepta
Das

sudeepta.das.eee13@iitbhu.ac.in

7754941647

94, C. V.
Raman Hostel

IDD16

13084016

Sai Varshith
Gangarapu

saivarshith.gangarapu.eee13@iitbhu.ac
.in

8934985449

86, C. V.
Raman Hostel

IDD17

13084017

Shivan
Bhararia

shivan.bhararia.eee13@iitbhu.ac.in

8604486716

39, C. V.
Raman Hostel

IDD18

13084018

Shriya
Chandrakar

shriya.chandrakar.eee13@iitbhu.ac.in

9598616591

62B, GSMC
Extension

IDD23

13084023

Aseem
Gosain

7752957496

121,
Vishwakarma
Hostel

aseem.gosain.eee13@iitbhu.ac.in

TOY MAKING INDUSTRY & THEIR PROBLEMS

According research journal Perspective of Social Sciences and Humanities, Toy making
industries are mainly small scale industries with a small working capital. More-over very few number
of people are engaged with co-operatives and NGOs. People employed here lack proper technical
knowledge about machines used in the modern industries. This leads to low productivity and high
cost of production. They lack the eagerness to innovate and they are still producing the same things
for decades. They dont have proper vendor support and hence product is not exported. They dont
have proper brand image, proper professional management and proper review systems of their
products. There is also tough competition from cheap Chinese electronic toys/plastic toys.
TEXTILE INDUSTRY & THEIR PROPERTIES
Varanasi is internationally reputed for its textile industry. Banarasi silk sarees are quite popular in
fashion industry. These sarees are woven in handloom. Handlooms used are of quite old technology
and thus there is low productivity and low acknowledgement of skills. Similar textile industry is
established in Surat & China and they are giving hard time to Varanasi skill. China is producing
similar silk with price being 3 times less. Since the industry in Varanasi is disorganised, the artist end
up competing among themselves. Everyone tries to pitch lower price and they end up getting less.
Middle men constrict proper consumer-producer relationship and this increases price but reduce pay
of artists.
PETTY THIEVERY
According to a report by JNNURM and Municipal Corporation, Varanasi, only 29% of people
in Varanasi are employed. Petty thievery is pretty common in the holy city. Cars & bikes often get
stolen if left unattended for long. These incidents occur even inside well guarded BHU
campus. Pickpockets are quite common in crowded places near Mandirs & ghats
SEWERAGE AND SANITATION PROBLEM IN VARANASI
Improper sewerage and sanitation system haunts the city. Only 30% of the total area is provided
with underground sewer network. Only the old city has sewer network. Entire trans and nearly 50%of
cis Varuna area is without sewers. Existing sewer lines are very old and prone to leakages and
choking. Due to presence of garbage and silt in sewer lines, carrying capacity gets drastically
reduced. Most sewage systems are currently choked and sewage is on roads. Untreated sewage and
waste enters rivers on a daily basis. It causes a situation of various health issues and is the reason
various deadly diseases as well in Varanasi. Even inside BHU campus, near the chemical
department lawn, there is a whole load of toxic chemical waste and defunct electric
items
DRAINAGE PROBLEM IN VARANASI
Varanasi faces severe drainage problems with acute water logging issues especially in the low lying
areas. Localities get submerged in dirty drain water especially in the monsoon. Excessive garbage,
polythene, plastics, etc block water flow in drains, making drains breeding ground for flies and other
insects. Drains are opened directly into the Ganga thus polluting it drastically. Plus, there is no
separate storm water drainage system in the city. This puts immense pressure on existing sewerage
network (especially during the monsoons). Also, the drainage system at Vishwanath Temple,
inside BHU campus, is open near the Eating joints, creating a very unhealthy
environment to eat.
POWER PROBLEM IN VARANASI
Varanasi faces the problem of unstable power supply. Lack of electricity makes it impossible to run
water treatment plants properly, aggravating the problems in the city. It causes a hindrance in
functioning of many small scale industries and cottage industries. Citizens face problems in day to

day life due to abrupt power cuts. Cash reserves of state-run electricity distribution system have
depleted, which has crippled financially, and the problem is further aggravated due to government
departments which do not pay their power bills. Theft of power is another issue that causes
problems in power supply.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL AS A PROBLEM IN VARANASI

Solid waste management has become one of the key parameters for evaluating the human
resources among the nation. The root cause of this problem is inefficient data management because
of which knowledge about the functioning of the system is difficult to obtain. There is no proper
system for collection and transportation of the waste. The loading and unloading of solid waste is
completely manual which caused health hazard to the workers. Varanasi doesn't have adequate
number of dustbins for the storage of wet and wastes. There is not enough staff for sweeping the
roads. This makes it difficult to clean the city. Waste dumps in nallahs and rivers lead to water
logging and unsanitary conditions .All this leads to unhealthy environment among us.
PROBLEMS DUE TO POLLUTION OF GANGA
Since 1950's, the population and industries has dramatically grown along river Ganga. Now Ganga is
considered as one of the most polluted river in the world. There are so many factors which have
polluted river Ganga so badly that drinking and bathing in that water has become dangerous.
One main reason for pollution of river Ganga is dumping of untreated polluted water into Ganga.
Industries, wastewater sewage has been disposed in large quantities into Ganga. In addition to that,
because of the rivers religious significance, the ashes of the dead people are dumped into ganga.
People even have a belief that taking a bath in river ganga washes away their sins. All this has the
pollution of river ganga.
The major pollution causing industries on the banks of river ganga include leather industries, which
dump large quantities of chromium and other toxic materials. It is important to note that industries
are not the only major causes of pollution. The untreated raw sewage of quite a number of people is
directly dumped into river ganga.

AIR POLLUTION
The major contributor if air pollution in the city is the vehicular emissions from petrol and diesel
vehicles which contribute to carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide nitrogen dioxide and high SPM levels.
Roadside burning of garbage is also a factor to air pollution in Varanasi.
According to Central Pollution Control Board report in 2013, Suspended particulate matter
[SPM] levels in the residential areas of Varanasi are very high. These high levels are attributed to
vehicular emissions, unpaved roads , high dust content in the air due to lack of plantation in some
areas and garbage burning.
Varanasi is compactly built with intricate and narrow lanes which impede air circulation and pollution
dispersal. Frequent power cuts in the city have promoted the use of diesel generators, especially in
the old city area, leading to increased air and noise pollution.
NOISE POLLUTION

Higher number of petrol autos and cycle rickshaws lead to traffic jams and contribute to citys noise
pollution. This noise pollution is perceivable even outside the core city area.
Major factors contributing to this noise is traffic jams and persistent honking due to intricate and
narrow roads. High levels of commercial activities on roadsides are also a contributing factor.

TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT

Traffic and transportation plays an important role in the overall functioning of the city. It is also
responsible for the spatial growth of the city by increasing the accessibility of sites on the periphery
of the city.
In Varanasi, traffic management is a huge problem. With the absence of traffic signals all around the
city, auto-rickshaw stands along with the roadside encroachments prevalent all over the city and the
lack of organized parking spaces at the commercial hubs, railway station, leads to conflict of traffic
and pedestrian traffic. Since the railway station has main opening towards the south of the city,
northbound traffic also has to pass through the southern side leading to severe traffic congestions.
The presence of stray animals, streetlights, temples in the middle of the roads in some places
increases the traffic problems all the more.
The road conditions, level of services and maintenance is poor, causing road accidents. Absence of
footpaths for pedestrian movement due to encroachments in form of temporary shops and
extensions of existing shops on roads reducing the road width for movement, thus further increasing
traffic problems. Also geometry and design of roads is not complying with norms and standards,
making it very low visibility at intersections.