c

The word root kytos, as in cytoplasm, means

A) motion

2
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ECT

3
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ECT

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ECT

5
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ECT

B)

a hollow

C)

color

D)

a thing formed

The ____________ produces an image of a specimen by passing visible

light through it.
A)

LM

B)

SEM

C)

TEM

D)

none of the above

A detailed three-dimensional view of cell structure is provided by

A)

light microscopy

B)

transmission electron microscopy

C)

scanning electron microscopy

D)

all of the above

____________ are an example of cells that are specialized for storage.

A)

epithelial cells

B)

fibroblast cells

C)

adipocytes

D)

oocytes

Which cells are designed to recognize and attack antigens?

A)

muscle cells

B)

neurons

C)

erythrocytes

D)

6
CORRE
CT

7
CORRE
CT

8
CORRE
CT

9
CORRE
CT

leukocytes

Which of the following is not true of the plasma membrane?

A)

contains receptors for communication

B)

forms intercellular connections

C)

is a rigid sheet of molecules with little flexibility

D)

regulates material movement into and out of the cell

Extracellular fluid is also called

A)

cytosol

B)

intracellular fluid

C)

interstitial fluid

D)

cytoplasmic matrix

Plasma membranes contain all of the following except

A)

phospholipids

B)

peripheral steroids

C)

integral proteins

D)

glycolipids

Which of the following is not a protein-specific function of plasma

membranes?
A)

signal transduction

10
CORRE
CT

11
CORRE
CT

12
CORRE
CT

13
CORRE
CT

B)

intercellular attachment

C)

enzyme activity

D)

physical isolation

All processes of moving materials across the plasma membrane are

classified as either
A)

diffusion or osmosis

B)

passive or active transport

C)

phagocytosis or pinocytosis

D)

endocytosis or exocytosis

Processes that move molecules passively across the cell membrane include
A)

diffusion

B)

bulk filtration

C)

osmosis

D)

all of the above

Diffusion is the tendency of molecules to move

A)

from a lower to a higher concentration

B)

down their concentration gradient

C)

into a cell by endocytosis

D)

out of a cell by exocytosis

Which of the following are types of endocytosis?

A)

facilitated diffusion and bulk filtration

B)

osmosis and active transport

14
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ECT

15
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ECT

16
CORRE
CT

17
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ECT

C)

pinocytosis and phagocytosis

D)

none of the above

A pocket formed by an inward folding of a membrane is called

A)

an evagination

B)

an invagination

C)

a secretory vesicle

D)

a vacuole

Cytosol
A)

has a high water content, with many dissolved solutes

B)

is the viscous, syruplike fluid component of cytoplasm

C)

contains carbohydrates and lipids that provide energy for the cell

D)

all of the above

Which organelles synthesize proteins?

A)

ribosomes

B)

nucleoli

C)

centrioles

D)

all of the above

Digestion and self-destruction are functions of which organelle?

A)

nucleus

B)

mitochondrion

C)

lysosome

D)

18
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ECT

19
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ECT

20
CORRE
CT

21
INCORR
ECT

peroxisome

Which one of the following does not accurately describe microtubules?

A)

composed of long chains of the protein tubulin

B)

largest diameter of the three components of the cytoskeleton

C)

associated with organelle movement and cell motility

D)

participate in cytoplasmic streaming and muscle contraction

Most of a cell's ATP is synthesized by membrane-bound organelles called

A)

ribosomes

B)

mitochondria

C)

lysosomes

D)

nucleoli

The rough endoplasmic reticulum functions in

A)

transport, respiration, and synthesis

B)

contraction, transport, and diffusion

C)

synthesis, storage, and transport

D)

storage, transport, and digestion

Which organelle modifies, packages, and sorts proteins for secretion or

use within the cell?
A)

Golgi apparatus

B)

lysosome

C)

endoplasmic reticulum

D)

nucleus

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23
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ECT

24
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ECT

25
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ECT

The most organized level of genetic material, visible with a light

microscope only during cell division, is the
A)

histone

B)

chromatin

C)

chromosome

D)

nucleosome

Nucleoli make which of the following?

A)

smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum

B)

ribosomal RNA and proteins

C)

histones and DNA

D)

all of the above

Which phase of a somatic cell's life cycle is the longest?

A)

prophase

B)

anaphase

C)

metaphase

D)

interphase

The correct sequence of the stages of mitosis is

A)

metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase

B)

prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

C)

telophase, metaphase, anaphase, prophase

D)

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

26
INCORR
ECT

27
INCORR
ECT

28
CORRE
CT

29
INCORR
ECT

30
INCORR

During which stage of mitosis does chromatin coil into chromosomes?

A)

metaphase

B)

telophase

C)

prophase

D)

anaphase

The two copies of DNA in duplicated chromosomes are connected at a

constricted region called the
A)

double helix

B)

centromere

C)

centrosome

D)

histone

____________ occurs when the chromosomes line up at the equatorial

plate of the cell.
A)

prophase

B)

metaphase

C)

anaphase

D)

telophase

Sister chromatids pull apart to form single-stranded chromosomes during

A)

anaphase

B)

telophase

C)

prophase

D)

metaphase

The completion of ____________ marks the end of cell division.

ECT

1
INCORR
ECT

B)

cytokinesis

C)

interphase

D)

anaphase

peripheral proteins are attached to the inner or outer membrane surface

integral proteins form channels that let water pass in and out of the cell
the lipid "tails" in the phospholipid bilayer form a sheet that repels water
the rigid composition of the plasma membrane forms a waterproof barrier

Of all the passive processes, the only one that does not require a concentration
gradient is
A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

3
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ECT

prophase

The plasma membrane is effective in isolating the cytoplasm from the

extracellular fluid primarily because
A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

2
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ECT

A)

diffusion
osmosis
bulk filtration
facilitated diffusion

A transport or carrier protein

A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

spans the plasma membrane completely and is thus a transmembrane

protein
has an internal hydrophobic region and hydrophilic regions at both ends
may use energy from ATP to help a particular substance cross the
plasmalemma
all of the above

4
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5
INCORR
ECT

What must happen when a concentration gradient is eliminated?

A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

7
INCORR
ECT

active transport begins

diffusion and osmosis stop
all of the above

Which one of the following processes can only occur in a living cell?
A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

6
INCORR
ECT

molecular motion ceases

diffusion
osmosis
bulk filtration
endocytosis

All of the following are directly associated, at least in part, with the lipid
components of the plasma membrane except
A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

molecular bilayer framework

cholesterol molecules
catalytic enzymes
glycocalyx

A higher concentration of sodium ions in extracellular fluid versus cytosol is

most likely maintained by
A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

blocking any passage of sodium through the plasma membrane

actively transporting sodium ions out of the cell
overcrowding the cytosol with potassium ions
none of the above

8
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ECT

9
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ECT

Which of the following lists only non-membrane-bound organelles?

A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

microvilli, ribosomes, centrioles, mitochondria, cytoskeleton

cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, flagellum, ribosomes
microvilli, cytoskeleton, cilia, lysosomes, nucleus, ribosomes
cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, centrioles, nucleus, cilia, ribosomes

Which of the following lists only membrane-bound organelles?

A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

10
INCORR
ECT

lysosomes, ribosomes, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi

apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes,
peroxisomes
mitochondria, cilia, centrioles, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum,
nucleus

Which one of the following organelles occurs in the fewest types of human
cells?
A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

11
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ECT

microtubules, nucleus, lysosomes, ribosomes, mitochondria, cilia

nucleus
microtubule
flagellum
rough ER

Which of the following organelles are found in all living cells of the human
body?
A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

nuclei
nucleoli
microvilli
microtubule

12
CORRE
CT

The nucleus (and more specifically, the genes it contains) most directly
controls all of the cell's activities by
A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

13
INCORR
ECT

14
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ECT

16
CORRE

regulating protein synthesis

synthesizing DNA and RNA
coordinating intracellular communication

Of the following, which organelle participates most directly in mitosis?

A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

ribosome
centriole
nucleolus

Which series progresses from the thinnest to the thickest in diameter?

A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

15
INCORR
ECT

controlling cell division

DNA > histone > chromosome > nucleosome

histone > chromosome > DNA > nucleosome
nucleosome > histone > DNA > chromosome
DNA > histone > nucleosome > chromosome

Although often described as somatic cell division, ____________ is actually

division of the nucleus.
A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

meiosis
mitosis
cytokinesis
interphase

Mitosis plays a role in all of the following processes except

CT
A tissue growth and repair
)
B replacement of old or dying cells
)
C sex cell production
)
D embryo formation
)

17
CORRE
CT

In an adult, which of the following usually have the longest G0 phase?

A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

18
CORRE
CT

19
CORRE
CT

20
CORRE
CT

blood cells
nerve cells
epithelial skin cells
the G0 phase is the same length in all of these

The longest part of a mature muscle cell's life cycle is

A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

the G2 phase
the S phase
interphase
mitosis

During which stages of mitosis does a typical cell contain twice its normal
number of chromosomes? (1) prophase (2) metaphase (3) anaphase (4)
telophase
A 1 and 2
)
B 2 and 3
)
C 3 and 4
)
D all of the above
)

Which of the following organelles might function during or even after

apoptosis of the cell that contains them?

A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

21
INCORR
ECT

22
INCORR
ECT

24
INCO
RRE
CT

Golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
lysosomes

Which property of cancer cells most directly contributes to metastasis?

A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

invasiveness
dedifferentiation
production of angiogenesis factors
loss of contact inhibition

____________ is caused by a genetic defect in mitochondrial rather than

nuclear DNA.
A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

23
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ECT

centrioles

cystic fibrosis
MELAS syndrome
adrenoleukodystrophy
Tay-Sachs disease

If organelles can proliferate in response to increased demand, then one could

expect to find far more ____________ in the liver cells of an alcoholic than in
a nondrinker.
A rough ER
)
B smooth ER
)
C mitochondria
)
D lysosomes
)

Which of the following cellular changes would generally be indicative of

cancer?
A anaplasia
)

B hyperplasia
)
C hypertrophy
)
D all of the above
)

25
INCORR
ECT

To destroy bacteria in the interstitial fluid, leukocytes would most likely

employ the process of
A
)
B
)
C
)
D
)

1
INCORR
ECT

2
INCORR
ECT

3
INCORR
ECT

receptor-mediated endocytosis
pinocytosis
bulk filtration
phagocytosis

When a cell begins to divide, its chromatin forms

A)

nucleoli.

B)

chromosomes.

C)

histones.

D)

none of these.

Which of the following describes integral membrane proteins?

A)

They only permit water movement into or out of the cell.

B)

They only transport large proteins into the cell.

C)

They extend across the phospholipid bilayer.

D)

They are attached to the external membrane surface.

Facilitated diffusion differs from active transport in that facilitated

diffusion
A)

expends no ATP.

B)
C)
D)

4
CORRE
CT

5
INCORR
ECT

6
INCORR
ECT

7
CORRE
CT

moves molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of

lower concentration.
does not require a carrier protein for transport.
moves molecules in vesicles across a semipermeable
membrane.

Which plasma membrane structures serve in cell recognition and act as a

"personal ID card" for the cell?
A)

integral proteins and peripheral proteins

B)

glycolipids and glycoproteins

C)

phospholipids and cholesterol

D)

cholesterol and integral proteins

The __________ increase the outer surface area of the plasma

membrane to increase absorption.
A)

centrioles

B)

cilia

C)

microvilli

D)

flagella

The major functions of the Golgi apparatus are

A)

diffusion and osmosis.

B)

detoxification of substances and removal of waste products.

C)

synthesis of new proteins for the cytoplasm.

D)

packaging, sorting, and modification of new molecules.

Interphase of the cell cycle consists of the following parts:

A)

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

B)

G1, S, and G2.

8
CORRE
CT

9
INCORR
ECT

C)

mitosis and cytokinesis.

D)

all of these.

The organelle that provides most of the ATP needed by the cell is the
A)

endoplasmic reticulum.

B)

mitochondrion.

C)

lysosome.

D)

Golgi apparatus.

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids begin to move

apart from each other at the middle of the cell?
A)

prophase

B)

metaphase

C)
anaphase
D)

10
INCORR
ECT

telophase

When a cell is not dividing, its DNA is in the form called

A)

chromatin.

B)

chromosomes.

C)

genes.

D)

nucleoli.