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An X-bar and R (range) chart is a pair of control charts used with processes that have a subgroup size
of two or more. The standard chart for variables data, X-bar and R charts help determine if a process
is stable and predictable. The X-bar chart shows how the mean or average changes over time and the
R chart shows how the range of the subgroups changes over time. It is also used to monitor the
effects of process improvement theories. As the standard, the X-bar and R chart will work in place of
the X-bar and s or median and R chart. To create an X-bar and R chart using software, download a
copy of CHARTrunner Lean and SQCpack.
When is it used?
You can use X-bar and R charts for any process with a subgroup size greater than one. Typically, it is
used when the subgroup size falls between two and ten, and X-bar and s charts are used with
subgroups of eleven or more.
Use X-bar and R charts when you can answer yes to these questions:
1. Do you need to assess system stability?
2. Is the data in variables form?
3. Is the data collected in subgroups larger than one but less than eleven?