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VolumeandWettedAreaofPartiallyFilledHorizontalVesselsNeutrium
f Neutrium
ARTICLES CONTACT SPONSORSHIP
VOLUME AND WETTED AREA OF PARTIALLY FILLED HORIZONTAL VESSELS
SUMMARY
The calculation of a horizontal vessels wetted area and volume is
required for engineering tasks such fire studies and the determination of
level alarms and control set points. However the calculation of these
parameters is complicated by the geometry of the vessel, particularly the
heads. This article details formulae for calculating the wetted area and
1. DEFINITIONS
A
: Wetted Area
Di
Do
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VolumeandWettedAreaofPartiallyFilledHorizontalVesselsNeutrium
Lf
: Straight Flange
Rc
Rk
Vp
Vt
2. INTRODUCTION
The calculation of the liquid volume or wetted area of a partially filled
adding the areas or volumes together. Below we present the wetted area
and partially filled volume for each type of head and the cylindrical
section.
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The partially filled volume is primarily used for the calculation of tank
filling times and the setting of control set points, alarm levels and system
trip points.
The wetted area is the area of contact between the liquid and the wall of
the tank. This is primary used in fire studies of process and storage
vessels to determine the emergency venting capacity required to protect
the vessel.
The volume and wetted area of partially filled vertical vessels is covered
separately.
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Di
2
3.2 Volume
1
Vp =
(3R h)
2
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Vp = D
VolumeandWettedAreaofPartiallyFilledHorizontalVesselsNeutrium
3
i
h
(3(
12
h
2(
Di
) )
Di
and deeper than the torispherical heads and therefore have design
pressures and expense lying between these two designs.
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4 (
0.5) + B
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Aw =
D i
8
4 (
1
0.5) B + 1 +
Di
h
Di
0.5) + B
ln
2 3
B = 1 + 12(
0.5)
Di
2
4z
= 1
2
Di
The wetted area calculated using this method does not include the
straight flange of the head. The length of the straight flange must be
included in the calculation of the wetted area of the cylindrical section.
4.2 Volume
3
Vp = D C
i
(3(
12
h
)
h
2(
Di
) )
Di
Where,
for ASME 2:1 Elliptical heads:
C = 1/2
C = 0.49951 + 0.10462
Do
https://neutrium.net/equipment/volumeandwettedareaofpartiallyfilledvessels/
)
Do
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The volume calculated does not include the straight flange of the head,
only the curved section. The straight flange length must be included in
the calculation of the volume of the cylindrical section.
common head type used for process vessels. Torispherical heads are
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head using the formula for elliptical heads. This approximation will over
Aw =
D i
8
1
0.5) B + 1 +
Di
4 (
h
Di
0.5) + B
ln
2 3
B = 1 + 12(
0.5)
Di
2
4z
= 1
2
Di
The wetted area calculated using this method does not include the
straight flange of the head. The length of the straight flange must be
included in the calculation of the wetted area of the cylindrical section.
5.2 Volume
3
Vp = D C
i
(3(
12
h
)
h
2(
Di
) )
Di
Where,
for ASME Torispherical heads:
C = 0.30939 + 1.7197
Rk 0.06D o
Di
https://neutrium.net/equipment/volumeandwettedareaofpartiallyfilledvessels/
t
+ 0.98997(
0.16116
Do
t
)
Do
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C = 0.37802 + 0.05073
Do
)
Do
The volume calculated does not include the straight flange of the head,
only the curved section. The straight flange length must be included in
the calculation of the volume of the cylindrical section.
top
Bumped heads have the lowest cost but also the lowest design pressures,
unlike torispherical or ellipsoidal heads they have no knuckle. They are
Here we present formulae for calculated the wetted area and volume for
an arbitrary liquid level height in a single Bumped head.
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We can approximate the partially filled surface area of the bumped head
using the formula for elliptical heads. This approximation will over
estimate the surface area, which is conservative for pool fire relieving
calculations.
2
Aw =
D i
1
0.5) B + 1 +
Di
4 (
h
Di
0.5) + B
ln
2 3
B = 1 + 12(
0.5)
Di
2
4z
= 1
2
Di
6.2 Volume
Vt = 1/2z
Vp =
3Vt
4
(3Rc z)
h
(
h
(1
)
3R
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A p = LD i cos
R h
(
)
R
h
(1 2
)
Di
7.2 Volume
2
Vp = L (R cos
R h
(
) (R H)
2Rh h )
V p = LD i
1
cos
4
h
(1 2
1
) (
Di
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Di
h
(
Di
)
Di
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Where the vessel has torispherical or ellipsoidal heads the straight flange
length of the head should be included in the cylindrical section length
when calculating the volume or surface area.
8. REFERENCES
1. B Wiencke, 2009, Computing the partial volume of pressure vessels
2. R Doane, 2007, Accurate Wetted Areas for Partially Filled Vessels
3. E Ludwing, 1997, Applied Process Design for Chemical and
Petrochemical Plants (Volume 2)
ARTICLE TAGS
Bumped Cylindrical Dished Hemispherical Horizontal Drum
Liquid Level Partially Filled Torospherical Vessel Vessel Head
Volume Wetted Area
Back
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VolumeandWettedAreaofPartiallyFilledVerticalVesselsNeutrium
f Neutrium
ARTICLES CONTACT SPONSORSHIP
VOLUME AND WETTED AREA OF PARTIALLY FILLED VERTICAL VESSELS
SUMMARY
The calculation of the wetted area and volume of a vertical vessel is
required for engineering tasks such fire studies and the determination of
level alarms and control set points. However the calculation of these
parameters is complicated by the geometry of the vessel, particularly the
heads. This article details formulae for calculating the wetted area and
1. DEFINITIONS
A
: Wetted Area
Di
Do
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VolumeandWettedAreaofPartiallyFilledVerticalVesselsNeutrium
Lf
: Straight Flange
Rc
Rk
Vp
Vt
2. INTRODUCTION
The calculation of the liquid volume or wetted area of a partially filled
vertical vessel is best performed in parts, by calculating the value for the
cylindrical section of the vessel and the heads of the vessel and then
adding the areas or volumes together. Below we present the wetted area
and partially filled volume for each type of head and the cylindrical
section.
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VolumeandWettedAreaofPartiallyFilledVerticalVesselsNeutrium
The partially filled volume is primarily used for the calculation of tank
filling times and the setting of control set points, alarm levels and system
trip points.
The wetted area is the area of contact between the liquid and the wall of
the tank. This is primary used in fire studies of process and storage
https://neutrium.net/equipment/volumeandwettedareaofpartiallyfilledverticalvessels/
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VolumeandWettedAreaofPartiallyFilledVerticalVesselsNeutrium
the vessel. Unlike horizontal vessels, it is not often required to know the
surface area of a partially filled vertical vessel's head and in this article
we present formulae for completely filled heads only.
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3.2 Volume
For the bottom head:
h
V =
(3R c h)
V =
(2R c h
Where
(3R c h))
is defined as the free space between the liquid surface and the
and deeper than the torispherical heads and therefore have design
pressures and expense lying between these two designs.
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VolumeandWettedAreaofPartiallyFilledVerticalVesselsNeutrium
D i
Aw =
1
(2 +
2 + 2
ln (
))
2 3
2
4z
= 1
2
Di
The wetted area calculated using this method does not include the
straight flange of the head. The length of the straight flange must be
included in the calculation of the wetted area of the cylindrical section.
4.2 Volume
For the bottom head:
Vp = Di C
24
h
(3(
h
(
https://neutrium.net/equipment/volumeandwettedareaofpartiallyfilledverticalvessels/
p
(3 (
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VolumeandWettedAreaofPartiallyFilledVerticalVesselsNeutrium
3
Vp = Di C
24
h
(3 (
h
) (
Where,
for ASME 2:1 Elliptical heads:
C = 1/2
C = 0.49951 + 0.10462
Do
)
Do
The volume calculated does not include the straight flange of the head,
only the curved section. The straight flange length must be included in
the calculation of the volume of the cylindrical section.
Heat exchanger
Software for heat exchanger design
common head type used for process vessels. Torispherical heads are
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heads. The formula for the calculation of the wetted area and volume of
a partially filled torispherical head is presented as follows.
Aw =
D i
1
(2 +
2 + 2
ln (
))
2 3
2
4z
= 1
2
Di
The wetted area calculated using this method does not include the
straight flange of the head. The length of the straight flange must be
included in the calculation of the wetted area of the cylindrical section.
https://neutrium.net/equipment/volumeandwettedareaofpartiallyfilledverticalvessels/
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5.2 Volume
For the bottom head:
3
Vp = Di C
24
h
(3(
h
(
Vp = Di C
24
h
(3 (
h
) (
Where,
for ASME Torispherical heads:
C = 0.30939 + 1.7197
R k 0.06D o
Di
t
0.16116
Do
t
+ 0.98997(
Do
Do
t
+ 1.3762(
Do
The volume calculated does not include the straight flange of the head,
only the curved section. The straight flange length must be included in
the calculation of the volume of the cylindrical section.
top
Bumped heads have the lowest cost but also the lowest design pressures,
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tanks or road tankers. Due to the low strength and poor draining
qualities of this head type it is rarely used for vertical vessels.
Here we present formulae for calculated the wetted area and volume for
an arbitrary liquid level height in a single Bumped head.
6.2 Volume
For the bottom head:
h
V =
(3R c h)
V =
(2R c h
(3R c h))
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Where
VolumeandWettedAreaofPartiallyFilledVerticalVesselsNeutrium
is defined as the free space between the liquid surface and the
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7.2 Volume
Vp =
Di h
Where the vessel has torispherical or ellipsoidal heads the straight flange
length of the head should be included in the cylindrical section length
when calculating the volume or surface area.
8. REFERENCES
1. B Wiencke, 2009, Computing the partial volume of pressure vessels
2. R Doane, 2007, Accurate Wetted Areas for Partially Filled Vessels
3. E Ludwing, 1997, Applied Process Design for Chemical and
Petrochemical Plants (Volume 2)
ARTICLE TAGS
Bumped Cylindrical Dished Hemispherical Liquid Level
Partially Filled Torospherical Vertical Drum Vessel Vessel Head
Volume Wetted Area
Back
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