Introduction to Web Technology

(ECS-604)

Unit- I Introduction and Web Development Strategies

1. World Wide Web:

The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed
via the Internet. Web is a huge collection of pages of information linked to each
other around the globe.

History of WWW:

WWW is created by Sir Tim Berners Lee in 1989 at CERN in Geneva.

In 1990, the first text only browsers were setup and CERN scientist
could access hypertext files and other information at CERN. HTML was
based on a subset of the standard generalized markup language (SGML).
To transfer HTML document to remote sites a new protocol was devised
called HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol).

In the fall of 1991, conference goes around the world started hearing about
the promise but sparks still were not flying.

In 1993, there are only about 50 websites world wide. A browser that
allowed user to take advantage of the webs graphical capabilities was
developed at the National center for Super Computing application
(NCSA). NCSA called the browser Mosaic.

2. Protocols Governing Web:

Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules that is used to communicate applications to each
other.
OR
A protocol is the interface required for communicating the different applications.

Prepared By: Pawan Pandey

RKGIT

Introduction to Web Technology

(ECS-604)

Classification:
a. HTTP
b. TCP/IP
c. FTP
d. E-MAIL
e. TELNET

A. HTTP: HTTP is the primary protocol used to distribute information on the web.

Initial HTTP 0.9 does not allow for content typing and does not have provisions for
supplying meta-information.

Content Typing: To identify the type of data being transferred.

Meta Information: It is supplemental data, such as environment variables that identify
the clients computer

Current version is HTTP 1.0

B. TCP/IP: It is a set of rules that an application can use to package its information for
sending across the networks of networks.
C. FTP: It is used to transfer the files over networks.
D. E-Mail: It is a method of exchanging digital messages across the Internet or other
computer networks.
E. Telnet: Telnet lets you remotely log into another system and browse files and directories
on that remote system.

Prepared By: Pawan Pandey

RKGIT

Introduction to Web Technology

(ECS-604)

3. Website: A website is simply a collection of interlinked web pages.

Classification: A. Corporate Website

B. Individual website

A. Corporate Website:
i.

In this, there is certain no. of persons, who develop their website for a
particular organization.

ii.

The corporate website are formed when group of people have common
interest and objective.

iii.

The purpose of this website is to convey the information of organization to all

over the world.

B. Individual website: It is just like profile management system. In this type of website
an individual wants to develop website for h-projection, career growth etc.

4. Cyber Laws: Cyber law is a term used to describe the legal issues related to use of
communication technology, particularly cyberspace i.e. Internet.

Indian and International Cyber Law: Cyber Laws are formed by the government to
prevent the internet crime. These crimes could be hacking, threat on internet, denial of
services etc. Cyberspace includes computer, computer networks, internet data,
software etc.
i.

Data Protection and Privacy Law: This is due to the nature of the internet and
amount of information that may be accessed through it, such legislation is critical
to protect the fundamental rights of privacy of an individual.

ii.

Electronic and Digital Signature Law: This is required so that uniform and
standard procedures are established for authentication of electronics records,
EDI, E-Mail.

iii.

Computer Crime Law: due to victim of internet threats.

Prepared By: Pawan Pandey

RKGIT

Introduction to Web Technology

iv.

(ECS-604)

Telecommunication Law: Approve and supervise the application of fees and

rates charged for telecommunication services in accordance with the provision of
the applicable law.

v.

Intellectual Property Law: This includes copyright law, trademark law,

semiconductor law and patent law in relation to computer hardware and
software.

IT Act 2000 (INDIA):

E-Governance

Authentication of E-Records

Digital Signatures

Controlled certifying authorities

Penalties for damage of computer and computer system.

5. Web Applications:

Simple office software (word processors, online spreadsheets, and presentation

tools).

More advanced applications such as project management, computer-aided design,

video editing and point-of-sale.

6. Writing web Projects and Target Users:

A. Write a project mission statement: Write the specific mission statement that
you want to do.
B. Identify Objectives:
i.

Specific

ii.

Measurable

iii.

Attainable

iv.

Realistic

v.

Time limited

Prepared By: Pawan Pandey

RKGIT

Introduction to Web Technology

(ECS-604)

C. Identify your target users: The matter of a website will be determined by the
users whom you want to visit the site. This is totally depend upon
i.

Market research

ii.

Focus group

iii.

Understanding intranet audiences

D. Determine the scope: By supporting documents and clients approval.

E. Budget:
i.

Assumption for budgets.

ii.

Budget categories.

iii.

Determine hidden costs and tools.

F. Planning issues:
i.

Discuss clients existing information system.

ii.

Project team and developing infrastructure.

iii.

Where the website will place.

7. Comparison between traditional project and web project:

Web Projects
1. Project managers are not always client.

Traditional Projects
1. They are always different.

They could be same.

2. Often beta technologies are used for

2. It is not applicable in this case

testing, often without tech support.

3. Pricing model for web projects does not
exist.

3. It do exist for traditional projects.

4. More specialized.

4. Team roles are less specialized.

5. Clients are often unwilling to bear the

5. Difficult of traditional projects.

cost of web development.

6. Standards for web projects do not exist.
7. Project managers responsibilities are

6. Standards for web projects exist.

7. Not true for these projects.

very broad.

Prepared By: Pawan Pandey

RKGIT

Introduction to Web Technology

(ECS-604)

8. Identification of objects:
A. Object identification: All the components which are visible in website are
objects or in other words, we can say that all visible components in the web
browser are defined as objects. Ex. Text box, command button etc.
B. Web development process:
Strategy

Launch

Design and
Specification

Register with ISP

Produced desired
result

Testing and
Maintenance

Strategy:

Goals and objectives

Team building

Research and review

Project proposal

Design and Specification:

Developing concept

Content planning

Rough design

Final design

Produced desired Result:

Build prototype

Prototype testing

Original design

Satisfy the clients need

Prepared By: Pawan Pandey

RKGIT

Introduction to Web Technology

(ECS-604)

Testing and maintenance:

Test the code

Maintain the web server.

Register with ISP:

Register domain name

Get web space

Launch:

Connect domain name with web server

Finally host the web accordingly.

9. Web Team: Web team is a group of various technical experts in a developing site from
coding the page to maintain the web server.

Types:
A. Server Side: hired by a company to develop a website.
B. Client Side: part of the company putting together the website.
Assessment techniques used to comprise a web team:
a. Deciding roles and responsibilities: The composition of team varies to depend
on the audience, scope and complexity level of the web. There are key roles on
each virtual project. One should always decide for core, extended and special
team members in a web and shares responsibilities accordingly.

Prepared By: Pawan Pandey

RKGIT

Introduction to Web Technology

(ECS-604)

b. Common Team Compositions: It is possible to acknowledge specific type of

teams and determine to be based on the kind of project, who is likely to be part of
the team though these are all type of web project. As for example the team
composition might be account manager, creative lead, project manager, designer
etc.
c. Putting together with right team: It meet out the needs with low price, more
effectively in reasonable time. So it is the team that fulfils the website
requirements successfully.
d. Identifying Necessary Skills: The skill set in the base of web team. It must have
in care to plan, design, build and deploy a website.

Prepared By: Pawan Pandey

RKGIT

Introduction to Web Technology

(ECS-604)

Classification:
Core Team member
1. Project Manager:

Extended Team Member Special Team Member

1. Account Manager:

1. Security

Specify the work.

It interacts with the

Experts:

Developing the project plan.

client,

project

security

Scheduling.

manager

and

handling

Allocation resources.

creative lead.

Budgeting and managing the team.

encryption
techniques.

2. Programmer:
develops

2. Technical lead:

2. Audio,

Managing programmers.

applications for the

Chooses specialized team such as security

web projects.

expert, database programmers.

3. Web Production specialist:

Integrate the site using html or

java script.

4. Creative Lead: determines creative concepts for the

site and responsible for site design.
5. Quality Assurance Lead: for testing purpose.

Engineer

configuring a web
server.

4. Web

Cast

Specialist
5. Media Buyer

4. Information
architects:

6. Strategic
It

Planner

understands how to
display information
visually to users and
how to interact with
the website.
Writer:

write contents for

the website.
6. Tester: It tests the
web project based
on the team plan that
QA lead writes.

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Video

3. 3-D Modeler

3. Network Engineer:

5. Content

and

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Introduction to Web Technology

10

(ECS-604)

10. Planning and Process Development:

A. Early planning:
i.

Know your audience.

ii.

Interviewing.

iii.

Focus group & Market Research.

iv.

Gathering end user requirement.

B. Content planning:
i.

Get images.

ii.

Create links.

iii.

Audio & Video

iv.

Shockwave & other media files.

C. Technical planning:
i.

Database.

ii.

Shockwave movies.

iii.

Transaction system.

iv.

Scripts of all kinds.

D. Production planning:
i.

Market research.

ii.

Combine the web pages

iii.

Get complete web.

11. Explain the following terms:

A. ARPANET
B. ISP
C. UDP
D. Uploading of files
E. Portal

Prepared By: Pawan Pandey

RKGIT

Introduction to Web Technology

11

(ECS-604)

A. ARPANET:

In 1969, a project was funded by the Advanced Research Project

Agency (ARPA), an arm of the U.S. Department of Defence. ARPA
established a packet-switching network of computers linked by
point-to-point leased lines called Advanced Research Project
agency Network (ARPANET) that provided a basis for early
research into networking.

The conventions developed by ARPA is specify how individual

computers could communicate across that network became TCP/IP.

As networking possibilities grew to include other types of links and

devices, ARPA adapted TCP/IP to the demands of the new
technology. As involvement in TCP/IP grew, the scope of
ARPANET expanded until it became the backbone of an internetwork today referred to as the internet.

B. ISP:

The Internet Service Provider (ISP) gives you the telephone access and
software you need to connect to the internet along with some technical
help.

Many ISPs also include an electronic mail account, host customers web
pages and offer services a company that do business on the Internet.

There are aprox. 200 ISPs in India like VSNL, MTNL, ERNET
(Education and Research Community Network) etc.

C. UDP:
The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core members of the Internet
Protocol Suite, the set of network protocols used for the Internet. With UDP,
computer applications can send messages, in this case referred to as datagrams, to
other hosts on an Internet Protocol (IP) network without requiring prior
communications to set up special transmission channels or data paths.

Prepared By: Pawan Pandey

RKGIT

Introduction to Web Technology

(ECS-604)

12

Packet structure:
0 15

bits
0

16 31

Source Port Number Destination Port Number

32
64

Length

Checksum
Data

D. Uploading of files:

Uploading requires a 6 MHz. bandwidth in a range below 40 MHz. At this

low frequency, home appliances can create a noisy environment that effect
modulation.

The modulation technique that is normally used is QPSK (4bit at a time).

This means that a user can upload information at a rate of 12 Mbps.

Presently the uploading rate is between 500 Kbps and 1 Mbps.

E. Portal:
A web portal, also known as a links page, presents information from diverse
sources in a unified way. Apart from the standard search engine feature, web
portals offer other services such as e-mail, news, stock prices, information,
databases and entertainment. Portals provide a way for enterprises to provide a
consistent look and feel with access control and procedures for multiple
applications and databases, which otherwise would have been different entities
altogether. Examples of public web portals are AOL, iGoogle, MSNBC, Netvibes,
and Yahoo.

Prepared By: Pawan Pandey

RKGIT