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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
The growth of information technology day by day grow fastly. There are many
ways to perform services across internet, one of these services that is sharing files from
one to another using Network File System. Many people might not know what is that,
they only know as well as the share file (upload and download) use the services of of
website or search engine as we know google, opera and many others.

In this case, we will try to present at glance what is the meaning and using of network
file sysytem in our daily application. Common idea inside NFS is very simple, if you
have two or more machines, you may wish to share disk space or devices, such as a CD
drive, between machines. For this there is network file system (NFS), the easiest way of
sharing files and resources across a network.

NFS is the way of working with files on a remote machine as if they are on your local
one. NFS is the standard de facto solution to access the same $HOME directories from
any machine on the Net. Using it also is a good way to avoid keeping duplicated
information from eating large amounts of disk space.

NFS originally was introduced by engineers at Sun Microsystems in 1985. Quite

ancient, but still good, NFS continues to experience improvements. Sun is working on
producing an NFS version 4 implementation for Linux that is now in the development
stage. And for the complete explanations you can find in the content, stay up here

1.2 Problem Formulation

From these explanations we can get the simple formulation to solve the problem
inside the network file system bellow:
1. What is the definition of Network file System?
2. What is the configuration of server NFS and client NFS?
3. What is the diferent between NFS with SAMBA?

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1.3 Purpose
The porpose of creating this article are:
1. To know what is the real meaning and functions of network file system.
2. To know the match platform to implementate the applicatiooan inside network
file system.
3. To know the typical implementation inside the program

1.4 Benefit
We can get any benefit from this article that is improving the knowledge about
network file system and getting the newest information of NFS’s implementation
and and the adventages if we use NFS for sharing the file or many files.

1.5 Problem Buondaries

In this case, this writing only to explain the definition and meaning of
Networking File System in daily activities or the real implementations inside,
explain aslo about the platform in NFS. In other case, we do not explain the detail
versions and variation of Network File System bacause of limeted time and our
ability to explain it.

1.6 Writing Systematic

This is the complete writing systematic :
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter explains about background, problem formulation, purpose benefit,
problem boundaries and writing systematic in creating ISAS.
 CHAPTER 2
CONTENT
Explain about the definition of NFS, the using of NFS, the match platform and
the real implementattion of NFS.

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 CHAPTER 3
ANALISYS
 CHAPTER 4
CLOSING
This chapter explains about conclusion and suggestion.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.7 Time Shcedule

The things Time Shcedule of Making ISAS

discussed (on 09 January 2008)
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1 2 3 5 6 7 8
Looking the data
Made the construct
of
Chapter I
CHAPTER II &
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
Desain Power
Point

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CHAPTER 2
CONTENT

2.1 Definition of Network File System

Network File System or network archiving system is collected protocol that used
to access some files through network. It also could be mentioned that NFS is an
implementation or specification from software to access remote file by LAN or WAN
networking.

NFS evolved by Sun Micro Systems Inc. describe associated computer units
those connected each other as a machine has free archiving system. The purpose of NFS
is to enable exchange the archiving transparently among those free machines. The
connection formed here is based on “client –server” using software NFS server and NFS
client that run over workstation. The following picture 45.3 describes three free
machines having each of their own local archiving system.

If you use UNIX workstation, you will need NFS to connect the existing file
systems. Solaris 2.5 System supports two versions of NFS protocol. Version 2 of NFS
implemented on 1984 and released at SunOS 2.0. Version 3 made in 1992 when few
groups united to make it, and published in 1994 at USENIX conferencing in Boston.

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This version 3 is still new for several machines. Then the option is depend on the
user, if not use version 3, the version 2 is the default.
NFS basic idea is quite simple. When we add disk to the UNIX system, then we
merge the disk to the existing file system using “mount” command. The new disk forms
new branch of three structures. We could moving to the inside the directory by “cd”
command the access the files. With NFS we just do the same. We, as client, give
command “mount” to send to the remote server, and part of file system structure ran on
local file system. Server now has list of machine allowed to access the file system.
When we have been mounting a remote file system in a structure file wherever
we want the files in the place we do the mount, system will translate that command in
NFS request and sent to the network from server. Server will execute the command and
will return to the kernel. As the returning, kernel will give resume to process if the
command accepted in local disk.
Protocol NFS assume that server not defense any condition from client. For
example, the UNIX that normally reads to calling system as far as they read files that
had been written. The calling repeatedly can be use by a file from the beginning till the
end. NFS will give “ where we are now “ in a client, and when scanning a file, client
functions to send read the command and every commands contents positions and size of
information.
The first purpose from designing NFS remotes file system unbound on UNIX, so
the using of UNIX file system is easy to implement system. The purpose creates a
system that supports various type of file system that exists before.
NFS server sent the transaction request and does the process. Every request is
action that independent and theory, the updating file can happen in various ways.
Statelessness is a criterion from first design of NFS that can prevent the crash recovery.
When server crash, client enough to wait till the server work again and continue the
operation.

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2.2 Platform of Network File System

Though the use of NFS occurs most commonly with UNIX systems, other
software platforms such as the classic Mac OS, Microsoft Windows, Novell NetWare,
and IBM AS/400 operating systems can also use the protocol. (Alternative remote file
access protocols include the Server Message Block (SMB, also known as CIFS)
protocol, Apple Filing Protocol (AFP), NetWare Core Protocol (NCP), and OS/400 File
Server file system (QFileSvr.400). SMB and NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) occur more
commonly than NFS on systems running Microsoft Windows; AFP occurs more
commonly than NFS in Macintosh systems; and QFileSvr.400 occurs more commonly
in AS/400 systems.
Among many files system that supported by FreeBSD that is Network File
System. NFS allows a system to share the directory and files with other system through a
network. By using NFS, the client and the program can access files in a system that
remotes as like as local files.

2.3 Konfigurasi NFS Server

Before using NFS, you should execute file configuration, these files are:
/etc/exports
/etc/hosts.allow
/etc/hosts.deny
In this article, we assume that PC we use as like this one:
Server use IP Address: 192.168.0.254
For wor station/PC client, each IP address use:
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.2
192.168.0.3

2.4 Exporting NFS File System

The way to set the configuration /etc/exports as like this one:
In the console, login as root:

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Login: root
Password: password

Do the editing on file /etc/exports, as like this:

root@localhost # vi /etc/exports

In file /etc/exports, add the directoryand user aslike this one:

/usr/share/doc 192.168.0.1(ro) 192.168.0.2(ro) 192.168.0.3(ro)
/home/siswa 192.168.0.1(rw) 192.168.0.2(rw) 192.168.0.3(rw)
Save your task by pressing key
[Esc]:wq

a. Konfigurasi /etc/hosts.deny
Configuration /etc/hosts.deny /etc/hosts.deny has function to do the blockade
access to the server in all IP that consist before.
the way of that configuration is:
Do the editing on file /etc/hosts.deny, on console type as like this way:
root@localhost # vi /etc/hosts.deny
Add the sentance:
portmap:ALL rquotad:ALL
lockd:ALL statd:ALL
mountd:ALL
Save your task by pressing key:
[Esc]:wq

b. Konfigurasi /etc/hosts.allow
Configuration /etc/hosts.allow /etc/hosts.allow functions to allow every IP that
can be linked to the server. The way of that configuration is:
Do the editing on file /etc/hosts.allow, on console type as like this way:
root@localhost # vi /etc/hosts.allow

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Create the IP address, as like this one:

lockd: 192.168.0.1 , 192.168.0.2 , 192.168.0.3
rquotad: 192.168.0.1 , 192.168.0.2 , 192.168.0.3
mountd: 192.168.0.1 , 192.168.0.2 , 192.168.0.3
statd: 192.168.0.1 , 192.168.0.2 , 192.168.0.3
portmap: 192.168.0.1 , 192.168.0.2 , 192.168.0.3
Save your task by pressing key:
[Esc]:wq
Reoperate export /etc/exportsthat have been edited could not be seen of the result
until you redoing the file, by creating this command of sintax:
root@localhost # exportfs -ra
that command functions to force reads file /etc/exports, that was modificated.

2.5 Konfigurasi NFS Client

After you have finished set NFS server, now time is setting the NFS Client. We
assume the client use the IP number 192.168.0.1, that is ways to set NFS client:
on consol, login as root:
Login: root
Password: password

Before starting make sure file /proc/filesystems that was found nfs, as like this one:
root@localhost # more nodev devfs
/proc/filesystems nodev devpts
nodev rootfs reiserfs
nodev bdev vfat
nodev proc ext3
nodev sockfs nodev usbdevfs
nodev tmpfs nfs
nodev shm nodev autofs
nodev pipefs iso96
ext2

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In other case the way to do the mounting remote directory aslike this one: Pada konsol,
login sebagai root
Login: root
Password: password

Create the new dirctory /mnt, for instance .doc and share
[root@localhost:~] # cd /mnt
[root@localhost:~] # mkdir /mnt/doc
[root@localhost:~] # mkdir /mnt/share

Then do the next mounting diretory at server, this is the way:

[root@localhost:~] # mount 192.168.0.254:/usr/share/doc/ /mnt/doc
[root@localhost:~] # mount 192.168.0.254:/home/siswa /mnt/share

By doing unmounting directory at server or PC destination, you just type this

command:
[root@localhost:~] # umount /mnt/doc
[root@localhost:~] # umount /mnt/share

To applicate the mounting remote directories automatically when client’s computer

switched, you can do the editing pada file /etc/fstab, as like this one:
Pada konsol, login sebagai root
Login: root
Password: password

2.6 Open Directory to the network with SAMBA

Resemble with NFS samba is used to open the directory in order to access from
outside. Protocol that used is SMB that improved by Microsoft. At the first time, project
of SAMBA is made based on compatibilities reason as the answer of public
requirements to access network windows from computers non windows. Now the
project of SAMBA gets success not only accessing and tacking care of service that same

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as the rival in windows, but because of the efficiency that more stable and powerful
exactly can replace the position of original windows server

Starting to open directory, you should run by menu utam|system settings|server

setting|samba. Main windows as like NFS process, and so the increase of directory as
same as when processing in NFS directory. Before starting up the application we need
the server basic setting. Click preference menu and choose server setting on the basic
tab, put name of network place of server. Give the information there are many
description columns in security tab, we definite some choices of SAMBA, for instance
we fill up user authentication mode. This process as like as when we activate sharing
option in windows computer, but with user and the password that will be made later.
Several of modus authentication you can learn much over in SAMBA documentation,
then click OK to operate SAMBA.

Click preference menu and choose a samba users to make users that allows enter
to the server. Click add user to add new user. Give name and password to edit password
or replace user, choose user that will be edited or removed, click the button edit user /
delete user, when ready press OK.

The last step is adding the directory that will be used by pressing add button I
toolbar. Put where is the directory that will be open in option directory and the content
of column description. Also, when we write the right access does it read-only or read-
write. In the tab access, we save who is the user that allows accessing this directory,
when ready, press OK.

2.7 Configures SAMBA

Now time to try access directory that was opened before. All the ways that
explained here accessing from other computer as root. Every steps we need to check
whether list of directory will appear in server or not, you just type this command:

# smbclient –L infolinux –I 192.168.0.13 –U mdamt

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Write password that was made before for the user mdamt. Change IP address
with the real address as like infolinuk with the name of SAMBA computer that was set
before, this is indication when correct:
session setup failed: NT_STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE
Means you have entered the wrong password
The correct appearance as like bellow:
Domain=[KANTOR] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.3-5]
Sharename Type Comment
----------- --- ----
Htdocs Disk directory my web
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (samba server)
ADMIN$ IPC IPC service (samba server)
Printer printer Cretead by redhat-config-printer 0.6.x
Printer1 printer Printer1
mdamt Disk Home Directories
Server Comment
-------- -----
LEBOL Samba server
Workgroup Master
------- ------
OFFICE
So finally, you can see that the htdocs directory was listed in the server. Now let
we try accessing the directory with command:
# smbmount //infolinux/htdocs /mnt -o username=mdamt,ip=192.168.0.13
Do not forget changes infolinux with name of SAMBA computer server, and IP
address appropriate with the real condition. If there is no any message means the
connection is success and we can see the content of directory /mnt now is the reflection
of content directory /home/infolinux/htdocs in computer server.
After using it , we can remove the directory with command:
# unmout /mnt

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CHAPTER 3
ANALYSIS

3.1 What are the differences between NFS with SAMBA in Real Implementations?
After reading those explanation may be some of people

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CHAPTER 4
CLOSING

4.1 Summary
Sistem berkas tersimpan secara permanen di secondary storage yang didesain
untuk menyimpan data yang besar secara permanen.
Network file system atau sistem berkas jaringan menggunakan metodologi client-
server untuk memungkinkan user mengakses sistem berkas dan direktori pada mesin
remote. Perintah-perintah dari client diterjemahkan ke dalam protokol jaringan, dan
diterjemahkan kembali ke dalam operasi-operasi sistem berkas pada server. Jaringan dan
banyaknya user yang mengakses suatu sistem berkas memungkin terjadinya
inkonsistensi data dan kinerja.
Sebelum client dapat mengakses sistem berkas pada server, terlebih dahulu perlu
dibuat sebuah koneksi logis antara client dan server yang disebut dengan mount NFS.
Ketika client telah melakukan operasi mount pada suatu server, maka server akan
mengirimkan sebuah file handle kepada client.
NFS menggunakan RPC yang berjalan di atas UDP. RPC ini memungkinkan
client untuk melakukan operasi-operasi tertentu. Adapun operasi-operasi yang didukung
adalah:
 Mencari berkas di dalam direktori
 Membaca kumpulan direktori
 Memanipulasi link dan direktori
 Mengakses atribut berkas
 Membaca dan menulis berkas

4.2 Suggesti

BIBLIOGRPHY

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[1]. id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_XP,”Apa itu Windows XP?”,1, 7 Desember 2007.

[2]. rizki.semarangindah.com,”Mengatur dan Meningkatkan Kinerja Windows XP”,1, 8
Desember 2007.
[3]. www.wikipedia.org,”Sistem Requirements Windows XP”,1, 8 Desember 2007.
[4]. ZDNet.co.uk,”Operating System Windows XP”,1, 9 Desember 2007.
[5]. www.microsoft.com/windowsxp.mspx,”What is Windows XP?”,15, 9 Desember
2007.

http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/nfsv4-charter.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_file_system

www.infolinux.web.id R. Kresno Aji (masaji@ai.co.id)

http://onno.vlsm.org/v11/ref-ind-1/network/network-file-system-1998.rtf
http://www.uibk.ac.at/linuxdoc/LDP/LDP/nag/node140.html

ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/.

(noprianto@infolinux.co.id)