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CHAPTER 1: THE WORLD THROUGH OUR SENSES

Humans have five sensory organs


SENSE

SENSORY ORGAN

STIMULUS

TOUCH

SKIN

SMELL
HEARING
TASTE

NOSE
EAR
TONGUE

SIGHT

EYE

TOUCH, PRESSURE, COLD,


HEAT, PAIN
CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE IN AIR
SOUND
CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE IN
FOOD
LIGHT

The Pathway from Stimulus to Response

Stimulus
Sensory organs
Nerves
Brain
Nerve
Response

Nerve impulses are electrical messengers produced by receptors


Effectors (organs) that carry out response
Responses are reactions received after stimuli.

Sense of Touch
Our skin has 5 receptors that are:
a) Cold receptor
b) Pressure receptor
c) Pain receptors
d) Heat receptors
e) Touch receptors
1. The degree of sensitivity of the skin depends on the:
a)Thickness of the epidermis
b) Number of receptors present

THE SENSE OF SMELL


mucus

Sensory Cells (smell receptors)


Nerve to brain
Nose

Nasal cavity
Air in

tongue
Roof of the mouth

nostril

The nose detects smell in the following way.


The inside of the nasal cavity produce mucus

The chemical vapor entering nose during breathing


dissolves

in

mucus.

The

dissolve

chemicals

stimulates the smell receptor at the top of the nasal


cavity.

The smell receptor then produce impulse which are


sent through the nerves to the brain

The brain interprets / evaluates the smell

THE SENSE OF TASTE


Surface of tongue has many taste buds to detect chemical substance.
What are the tastes detected by the tongue?

HOW?
1. Chemical particles dissolves in the saliva on the surface of the tongue
2. Taste projection receives stimuli and send it to taste receptors
3. Taste receptor sets of impulses
4. Impulses sent to the brain to be interpreted as taste.

THE SENSES OF HEARING

The ear as a balancing organ:


(a) Apart from functioning as a hearing organ, the ear also controls the
balance of the body.
(b) Any bodily movements will stimulate the receptors in the
semicircular canals to produce impulses
(c) The brain will interpret these impulses and direct the muscles to
respond and to balance up the body.

SENSE OF SIGHT

LIGHT AND SIGHT


Reflection of light happens when it bounce off the surface on which it falls.
Light rays are reflected by opaque surface
The Law of Reflection is obeyed only if the parallel light rays fall onto a uniform
surface.
If the parallel light rays fall on a non-uniform rough surface, the reflected light rays
will not be parallel or in order but dispersed.
The characteristics of the image formed are as follows :
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

DEFECTS OF VISION
There are 3 types of eye defect:
1) short-sightedness
2)long-sightedness
3) astigmatism

STIMULI AND RESPONSE IN PLANTS.


Type of response that plant gives:

Questions
1. The skin is an organ of __________________
2. There are five types of __ ___ in the skin sensitive to various stimuli.

3. The sensitivity of the skin depends on the ___________ of the epidermis and the
____________ receptors on the skin.
4. Blind people use their ____ to help them read Braille
5. Where are the smells receptors found?
6. Explain why when we have cold or flu, the nose cannot
function effectively as a sensory organ of smell

7. using the pathway of stimulus, explain what would be done for the following situation:
Fatimah saw a flower

8. Ear can be divided into 3 parts name them and categories the part of ear in it.

9. Explain how the nose detects the smell

10. Based on your understanding do a mind map related to this chapter.

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