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Specifications for
Straight Asphalt Binder in
Louisiana
Mostafa Elseifi
Louisiana State University
1
Introduction
Louisiana Binder Specifications:
PG 64-22 is allowed on base course
Conventional SuperPave criteria are required
(RV, DSR, and BBR)
Ductility at 25oC (RTFO-residue): minimum
100cm
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Research Objectives
Establish the relationship between the
ductility and pavement performance.
Suggest possible modifications to
current binder specifications by
adopting a SuperPave test indicative of
mix performance for straight binders
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G*/sind (64oC)
RTFO kPa
G*sind (25oC)
PAV kPa
BBR Stiffness
(MPa)
m-value
Brookfield
@135oC
1.74
4.66
2430
113
0.350
0.550
1.73
5.22
2120
87
0.355
0.560
1.67
4.31
2460
107
0.334
0.530
1.77
5.79
1793
127
0.332
0.530
1.55
4.60
2520
94
0.351
0.520
1.57
4.29
3000
108
0.333
0.530
2.09
4.81
4855
229
0.311
0.545
2.03
4.67
4550
218
0.313
0.563
1.89
3.90
4804
231
0.312
0.588
Binder ID
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COV
= 4%
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DTT Results
COV = 19%
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MSCR Results
Three parameters are calculated:
Non-recoverable creep compliance (Jnr):
Jnr
nr
=
Stress dependency
rdifference
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r100r3200
=
x100
r100
10
MSCR Test
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11
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12
Two hypothesis:
Effect of aging
Effect of temperature
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13
Effect of Aging
High ductility binders may lose more light
components during the aging process
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14
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15
Effect of Aging
Oth er
100.0
LMW
MMW
6.5
6.7
6.4
6.7
6.4
6.3
5.4
4.8
4.6
80.7
78.7
79.8
78.8
77.4
77.1
82.9
83.1
84.1
12.8
14.6
13.8
14.5
16.3
16.6
11.7
12.1
11.4
80.0
60.0
( )
M
o
l
e
c
u
l
a
r
%
40.0
F
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
20.0
0.0
Binder ID
Oth er
F
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
LMW
MMW
6.4
6.6
6.2
6.6
6.1
6.1
5.3
4.4
4.2
77.7
76.6
76.9
76.5
75.6
75.7
80.7
78.1
79.4
15.9
16.8
16.9
16.9
18.3
18.1
14.0
17.5
16.5
80.0
60.0
( )
M
o
l
e
c
u
l
a
r
100.0
%
40.0
20.0
0.0
Binder ID
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16
Effect of Temperature
Employed two test
methods on three binders:
20M
2000
Tg 0.2oC
Sample Breaking
E"
To characterize content of
crystallizable materials
15M
Dynamic mechanical
analysis (DMA):
10M
-20
E'
E"
Time
-16
-12
-8
-4
0
o
Temperature, C
1000
E'
5M
17
Time (sec)
Differential Scanning
Calorimetry (DSC):
Effect of Temperature
Asphalt Binder
Glass Transition
Tg (C)
D original
D RTFO
D PAV
-4.5
-3.3
3.5
Crystallizable
Species
Below 25C (%)*
Not detected
Not detected
Not detected
Crystallizable
Species
Above 25C (%)*
0.18
0.41
0.37
G original
G RTFO
G PAV
-7.5^
0.2
7.4
0.48
0.41
0.86
0.12
0.33
Not detected
I original
I PAV
5.0
8.3
0.03
Not detected
0.12
0.10
18
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19
20
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21
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22
Conclusions
An inverse correlation exists between
binder ductility at 25oC and the
measured failure strain at -12oC:
An increase in the binder content of LMW
results in an increase in its ductility at
intermediate temperature
An increase in the binder content of
crystallizable LMW results in crystallization
of these molecular fractions at low
temperature
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23
Conclusions
Using a binder with a high ductility results
in a mixture with greater indirect tensile
strength
A binder characterized with a high level of
ductility would exhibit poor performance in
the MSCR test
Current SuperPave specifications failed to
differentiate between these binders in
terms of performance
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24
Recommendations
The ductility test should be kept in the
state binders specifications as it
correlates well with mix performance at
intermediate temperature.
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25
Acknowledgements
This paper is based on the results of LTRC
08-2P.
The author would like to acknowledge:
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26
Thank You