MonoTherm: Vacuum Heat Treatment

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Vacuum Heat Treatment

MonoTherm

Gunther Schmitt
ALD Vacuum Technologies
Wilhelm-Rohn-Str. 35
D-63450 Hanau
Phone **49 6181 307 3365 - Mobile **49 176 1 307 3365

gunther.schmitt@ald-vt.de
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Vacuum Heat Treatment

Hardening
Tempering
Brazing
Annealing
Titanium Heat Treatment
Vacuum Carburizing
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Tool Steels
Cold Work Tool Steels (Application temp. < ~ 200 C )
Cutting and Punching Tools
Hand Work Shop Tools
Measuring Tools, Calibers, Gauges
Hot Work Tool Steels (Application temp. up to ~ 650 C)
Dies
Cavity
Molds
High Speed Steels (Application temp. up to 200 C)
Drills
Milling Cutters
Thread Cutting Tools
Saws
Broaches
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Typical High Speed Steels HSS

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DIN

AISI

1.3343

M2

1.3342

M3

1.3344

M3 class 2

1.3355

T1

Alloying Elements
Carbon, C 1%

Martensite and carbide formation

Chromium, Cr 4%

Increasing of hardenability and secondary hardness

Scale prevention
Carbide builder 1200 HV

Tungsten, W 6%

Carbide Builder 1500 HV

Increasing of hard. temp.

Molybdenum, Mo 5%

Carbide builder 1500 HV

Decreasing of hard. temp.

Vanadium, V 2%

Primary carbide builder 2500 HV

Cobalt, Co 5%

Increasing of hot hardness and tempering temp.

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Hardening of HSS
Austenitizing 1150-1220C / some minutes (3-7 min)
Transfer to Austenit
Carbides are going in solution

Quenching 3-10 bar Nitrogen:

Transformation to Martensite with retained Austenite
Supersaturated solid solution

Tempering 2-3 times 520-590C:

Increasing of toughness
Precipitation of Cementite
Transformation of retained Austenite into secondary Martensite
Precipitation of secondary Carbides
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H/T of HSS

Gas N2
6 bar
Warmbadsimulation
~ 500 C

2 bar
Gas N2

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N2

N2

N2

TTT Diagram 1.3343 / M2

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Tempering of HSS
Secondary Hardness Maximum
HSS
low alloyed tool steel

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Hot Work Tool Steels

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1.2343 / X 38 CrMoV 5 1

AISI H 11

1.2344 / X 40 CrMoV 5 1

AISI H 13

1.2365 / X 32 CrMoV 3 3

AISI H 10

1.2367 / X 38 CrMoV 5 3

no

Hot Work Tool Steels

Hot Forging Dies

Die Casting Molds
Extrusion Dies
Armor Rings and Dies
Ejectors

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H/T of Hot Work Tool Steels

Hard. Temp.
> 950 C
Gas N2
3 - 6 bar

Hot bath
simulation
~ 500 C
N2
N2 2 bar

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N2

N2

TTT Diagram 1.2344 / AISI H 13

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Tempering Diagram 1.2344 /AISI H 13

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Cold Work Tool Steels

Steel

Application / Properties

1.2842 / 90MnCrV 8
AISI O2

Cutting and Punching Tools

Measuring Tools

high hardness, low distortion

1.2379 / X155CrMoV121
AISI D2

Cold Forging dies

Cutting and Punching Tools
Deep-drawing Dies

high wear resistance, good toughness

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Cold Work Tool Steels

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H/T of high alloyed Cold Work Tool Steels

Hard. Temp.

> 950 C
N2 < 10 bar

Hot bathsimulation
~ 500 C

Air

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H/T of medium alloyed Cold Work Tool Steels

Hard. Temp.

< 950 C
Gas 20 bar
N2 or He

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HeatHeat-Treatable Steel 42 CrMo 4 HH /AISI 4140 mod

Hardening with 20 bar Helium in MonoTherm

Part:

Diesel Injection Body

Dimension:

110 x 90 x 50 mm - 1,1 kg/pcs

max. cross section ca. 45 mm
in m %

Sample 1

standard

0,494

0,455

0,38 0,45

Si

0,251

0,257

0,40

Mn

0,974

0,955

0,60 0,90

Cr

1,09

1,08

0,90 1,20

Mo

0,249

0,248

0,15 0,30

Heat Treatment:

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Sample 2

Loading:

multiple layers max. 340 pcs.

500 - 600 kg (cross)

Hard. Temp.:

860 C

Quenching:

20 bar Helium
reversing gas flow

Furnace:

MonoTherm 6/6/9

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Page 22 of XX

TTT Diagram with Cooling Curve

42 CrMo 4 / AISI 4140 low hardenability

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TTT Diagram with Cooling Curve

42 CrMo 4 / AISI 4140 high hardenability

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MonoTherm: Hardness in HRC subject to the diameter of the sample part 1

Material

Abschreckgas / Quenching Gas

6 bar N2

Symbol

DIN

10 bar N2

20 bar He

Mindesthrte /
minimum
hardness
(HRC)

AISI
Dimensiom in mm

Werkzeugstahl, legiert / Tools Steel, alloyed

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50 NiCr 13

1.2721

80

100

120

59

x 45 NiCrMo 4

1.2767

140

180

200

56

100 MnCrW 4

1.2510

O1

40

60

100

64

60 WCrV 7

1.2550

S1

40

60

100

60

90 MnCrV 8

1.2842

O2

30

50

80

63

X 100 CrMoV 51

1.1236

A2

160

> 200

> 200

63

X 210 Cr 12

1.2080

D3

60

80

160

64

X 210 CrW 12

1.2436

160

> 200

> 200

65

X 155 CrVMo 12 1

1.2379

160

> 200

> 200

63

D2

MonoTherm: Hardness in HRC subject to the diameter of the sample part 2

Material

Abschreckgas / Quenching Gas

6 bar N2

Symbol

DIN

10 bar N2

20 bar He

Mindesthrte /
minimum
hardness (HRC)

AISI
Dimensiom in mm

Werkzeugstahl, legiert / Tools Steel, alloyed

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55 NiCrMoV 6

1.2713

56 NiCrMoV 7

1.2714

X 38 CrMoV 51

1.2343

X 40 CrMoV 51

L6

80

120

200

56

100

150

> 200

57

H 11

160

> 200

> 200

54

1.2344

H 13

160

> 200

> 200

54

X 32 CrMoV 33

1.2365

H 10

80

120

160

50

X 32 CrMoCoV 333

1.2885

H 10 A

160

200

> 200

54

X 42 Cr 13

1.2083

420

60

100

120

56

X 36 CrMo 17

1.2316

100

120

160

50

MonoTherm: Hardness in HRC subject to the diameter of the sample part 3

Material

Abschreckgas / Quenching Gas

6 bar N2

Symbol

DIN

10 bar N2

20 bar He

Mindesthrte /
minimum
hardness
(HRC)

AISI
Dimensiom in mm

Schnellarbeitsstahl / High-speed Steel

S 6-5-2

1.3343

M2

100

140

200

65

S 2-10-1-8

1.3247

M 42

120

160

200

65

S 10-4-3-10

1.3207

140

200

200

65

10

64

Wlzlagerstahl / Ball and Roller Bearing Steel

100 Cr 6

1.2067

Edelbaustahl, legiert / High-quality Steel, alloyed

34 CrNiMo 6

1.6582

52100

20

40

80

54

100 CrMo 73

1.3536

4340

10

30

65

Note: The list is not binding and is used for orientation. The values correspond to experimental results and practical
experiences. Deviations can be particularly occur by fluctuations in the chem. hardenability and composition of materials.
Furthermore, the hardness values will be affected by the geometry of the workpieces and kind of loading.
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Brazing in Vacuum Furnaces

Temperature:
900 1200 C
Atmosphere:
Partial Pressure Nitrogen 1-10 mbar
Fine Vacuum 1x10E-2 mbar
High Vacuum 1x10E-5 mbar
Filler:
Copper based: 80-100% Cu plus Ni, Mn, Co
Nickel based: 70-90% Ni plus Cr, Fe, Si, B, P

Typical process:
Pre Heat steps 650C 850C
Brazing step 900-1200C, fast heat up short soak
Solidification step furnace cool to 850-1000C
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Gas Cooling

Brazing and Hardening

One Process
Material
1100
421000
CrMo4 HH AISI 4140 mod.

Brazimg
990C
5-10 mbar N2

Pre Heat
920C
5-+10 mbar N2

Filler - Powder

Solidification
850C

900

Degussa 21/80
800
Pre Heat
650C
Vakuum

temp. (C)

700

Gas
Quench

600

500

400

300

200

100

60

120

180
time (min)

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240

Annealing in High Vacuum

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Heat Treatment of TiAl6V4

H/T Pattern

Solution Annealing
920C, Vacuum ~ 5x10E-2 mbar

Gas Quenching
20 bar Helium

Ageing
480C

TiAl6V4 Screws: D 12 x 150 mm

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Result

Rm 1150 N/mm

Vacuum Carburizing in MonoTherm

Diesel Injection Parts
With deep blind holes D 4 mm

Aircraft APU Transmissiongears

Material 18CrNi8

ECD 0,4 - 0,6 mm in the blind hole

Material AFNOR 16 NCD 13
Vacuum Carb.
Quench
Deepfreeze
Tempering

930C
10 bar N2
- 80C
180C

ECD 0,9 mm , Surface 60 HRC, Core 390 HV

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Vacuum Carburizing
of High Alloyed Aerospace Materials

Materials:

%C

Pyorwear675
X13VDW

0.07
0.12

%Mn
0.65
0.7

%Cr
13.0
11.5

%Ni
2.6
-

%Mo

%Si

%V

%Co

%Fe

1.8
1.6

0.4
0.3

0.6
0.3

5.4
-

bal.
bal

Schematic Process

Temperature

Vacuum Carburizing

Effective Case depth: 1.5 -1.9 mm

Surface Hardness:
750 HV min.
Core Hardness:
375HV min.

Gasquenching

Temper
Cooling

Sub zero

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Vacuum Hardening

Time

Microstructure