SOP 0001 NICKEL PLATING

DESCRIPTION: The nickel facility plates a wide range of nickel deposits. The
system is comprised of four different processes: 1) The Wood's nickel process is a
"strike" (thin metallic coating) used to improve adhesion on stainless steel, nickel,
invar (a nickel iron containing 36 per cent of nickel) and titanium. 2) The Watt's
nickel deposit has been developed for producing a hard, ductile and compressively
stressed nickel deposit. 3) The electroless nickel deposit has a high phosphorous
(10-12%) content. The deposits produce smooth, hard, and easy to solder surfaces. 4)
The black nickel deposit is a dark, thin, nonreflective deposit that performs best over
corrosion resistant coatings.
MODE OF OPERATION: Check the blank before each procedure with a pencil if it is
done. Mark the changes you made to the procedures with a pencil.
__1) The part is degreased using an aqueous solution (organic solvent).
__2) The physical soils are removed in an ultrasonic cleaning bath.
__3) Water wash.
The steps (a-d) may be used to clean stainless wafers thoroughly.
__a) Electroclean anodically.
__b) Water wash.
__c) Anodically etch in:
Sulfuric acid, H2SO4 (density 1.84 g/cm3)
205 mL
Water
To 1 L
Temperature
Below room temperature
Current density
200A/ft2(range 175 to 250 A/ft2)
Duration
30 s to 5 min
Cathode
Lead 7% tin-93% lead alloy
Tank
PVC/rubber-lined tank
__d) Water wash thoroughly.
__4) Metal-oxide films are removed by strong acids.
Immerse in:
Hydrochloric acid, HCl (concentrated)
1 mL
Sulfuric acid, H2SO4 (concentrated)
10 mL
Water
To 1 L
Temperature
Room temperature
Duration
30 to 45 s
Tank
PVC/rubber-lined tank
__5) A thin metal "strike" is electro-deposited upon the part to improve adhesion. If

the part is made of stainless steel. nickel, invar or titanium, the Wood's nickel process
is used for striking the part.
Nickel chloride, NiCl26H2O
240 g
Hydrochloric acid, HCl (concentrated)
125 mL
Water
To 1 L
Temperature
Room temperature
Anode
Nickel
Tank
PVC/rubber-lined tank
2
2
Cathodically at 50 A/ft for 2 min and then at 15 A/ft for 2 min.
__6) Water rinse thoroughly.
__7) After striking, the part is nickel plated with a sulfamate-chloride coating.
Nickel sulfamate, Ni(NH2SO3)2
300 g
Nickel chloride, NiCl26H2O
6g
Boric acid, H3BO3

30 g

Water
To 1 L (pH 3.5 to 4.2)
Temperature
28 to 60 C.
Anode
Nickel
Tank
PVC/rubber-lined tank
Cathodically at 75% of the full current load, allow the job to warm up, and raise the
current to the full value (200 to 2500 A/m2) for the time duration according to the
thickness of deposited nickel.
__8) Water rinse thoroughly.
__9) Dip in 20 g/L sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at around 60 C.
__10) Thoroughly rinsed with water.
__11) Dry.
__12) Bake at 190 C (range 150 to 250 C) for 2 h (range 1 to 3 h) in the case of
high-carbon stainless steel.