Microcontroller Based Automatic Electronic Duster

MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATIC ELECTRONIC DUSTER

PRAVEEN.G
Dept. name of organization (Electrical and Electronics Engineering), acronyms acceptable (AVS Engineering College), City,
Country (Salem,TamilNadu)
Email: Tkpraveen1612@gmail.com

Abstract Chalk dust is a primary nuisance inside our classroom. It is very light that it scatters all around the area.
Inhalation of these fragments can be harmful to our health; moreover, it potentially causes electronic hazards. The automated
chalk dust collector aims to collect these chalk dust firmly for recycling purposes. Also, its goal is to collect the particles
from the blackboard while being erased. This would reduce contact since it will immediately go straight to the dispenser.
The proponents successfully constructed a machine to be a tool for erasing chalk writings and collecting dust. The machine
would be compared to the conventional eraser we often use. Unfortunately, the proponents failed collect more chalk dust
using the machine compared to the usual eraser that was used. While it may be proven that the customary blackboard eraser
collected more chalk dust and is therefore a more convenient tool to use, the machine that was built was safer and it avoided
the nuisance and the extreme contact caused by chalk dust particles.

I.

For recycling purpose there is a special unit. That unit

will collect all the chalk dust and compress that at
particular temperature. Then the compressed particles
has been put in to a mold for chalk creation. These
are all available on the same system.
For the recycling process vacuum cleaner has been
used for suction of dust particles from board. The
vacuum cleaner plays the main role in this automatic
system. Because its the first technology which
provides a system for board cleaning without wasting
the dust come out from the board.
The main problems nowadays are power issue. That
will be overcome by means of solar panel. Distance
operations here we use remote (zippy). That will get
interact with microcontroller and then the overall
system operation will be maintained. For the
operation of remote there must be a transmitter and
receiver operating techniques takes place

INTRODUCTION

One of the problems we are experiencing in our

classroom is erasing the blackboard. Chalk dust
scatter causing extreme nuisance especially for
people who have asthma. Also, chalk dust causes skin
irritation and serious health problems. These tiny
particles of chalk may also land on devices or
computer equipments that would cause over-heating
and severe damage. In order to overcome this
problem we proposed this project. This project
consists of micro controller, dc motor, robotic arm are
the main parts. Overall function is control by
microcontroller. Key pad is used to activate the
microcontroller to ON and OFF. If we need to clean
the board we need to TURN ON the microcontroller
by key pad then dc motor which is used to move the
arm at 45 degree at both side to clean the board.
Duster which is holded by arm starts to clean the
board. By using the solar panel we able to generate
power it self. vaccum cleaner is used to collect the
dust particles, which is used for recycling purpose.
II.

Novelty: The machine would be compared to the

conventional eraser we often use. Unfortunately, the
proponents failed collect more chalk dust using the
machine compared to the usual eraser that was used.
While it may be proven that the customary
blackboard eraser collected more chalk dust and is
therefore a more convenient tool to use, the machine
that was built was safer and it avoided the nuisance
and the extreme contact caused by chalk dust
particles. Here we use vacuum cleaner for collecting
dust particles .one more thing we produce different
speed variations while erase the board.

METHODOLOGY

Automated system will get turned on by means of

solar panel. Firstly the supply goes to the
microcontroller kit overall operations of the system
carryover
by
means
of
Microcontroller.
Microcontroller switch on the motor. The input for
the microcontroller is +5 volt thats also the input for
motor(+5v). microcontroller has been programmed
for the operations of the duster. If we press forward
running button motor operates and rub the board in a
particular direction. After that by pressing the another
switch the duster moves in opposite direction. The
dust particles have been collected on a separate
dumping unit for recycling purpose. The dust
particles arerecycled in the way of creating chalk
piece on that same dust particle.

III.

BLOCK DESCRIPTION:

Solar Panel has been used for the purpose of giving

power supply to the overall circuit. Microcontroller
controller all the activities of the entire system by
means of programming. DC motor drives the duster
on the surface of board. Arm which helps for the
activities of the duster.

Proceedings of International Academic Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, 8th Sept. 2013, Chennai, India
ISBN: 978-93-82702-28-3
10

Microcontroller Based Automatic Electronic Duster

Duster which is the main part of our project which

remove the particles on the board surface. The
purpose of vacuum cleaner is to collect all the dust
particles and sump it. Then it has been recycled for
the preparation of new chalk piece which was the
advanced method in this project.
The another block represented is for transmitter and
receiver. Both these for the distance operation of the
board. Transmitter transmits the signal and receives
receives the same signal and carryover the task given
by the transmitter. (Erasing the board or moving
duster on the board surface) Dc motors are small,
inexpensive and powerful motors used widely in
robotics for their small size and high energy out. A
typical dc motor operates at speeds that are far too
high speed to be Useful, and torque that are far too
low. gear reduction is the standard method by which
a motor is made useful .gears reduce the speed of
motor and increases the erasing speed

Regulator IC units contain the circuitry for reference

source, comparator amplifier, control device, and
overload protection all in a single IC. Although the
internal construction of the IC is somewhat different
from that described for discrete voltage regulator
circuits, the external operation is much the same. IC
units provide regulation of either a fixed positive
voltage, a fixed negative voltage, or an adjustably set
voltage. A power supply can be built using a
transformer connected to the ac supply line to step the
ac voltage to a desired amplitude, then rectifying that
ac voltage, filtering with a capacitor and RC filter, if
desired, and finally regulating the dc voltage using an
IC regulator. The regulators can be selected for
operation with load currents from hundreds of milli
amperes to tens of amperes, corresponding to power
ratings from milliwatts to tens of watts.

Block Diagram

a. Sample of a table footnote. (table footnote)

Fig. 1. Example of a figure caption. (figure caption)

IV.

POWER SUPPLIES

The present chapter introduces the operation of power

supply circuits built using filters, rectifiers, and then
voltage regulators. Starting with an ac voltage, a
steady dc voltage is obtained by rectifying the ac
voltage, then filtering to a dc level, and finally,
regulating to obtain a desired fixed dc voltage. The
regulation is usually obtained from an IC voltage
regulator unit, which takes a dc voltage and provides
a somewhat lower dc voltage, which remains the
same even if the input dc voltage varies, or the output
load connected to the dc voltage changes.

MICRO CONTROLLER A Micro controller consists

of a powerful CPU tightly coupled with memory
RAM, ROM or EPROM), various I / O features such
as Serial ports, Parallel Ports, Timer/Counters,
Interrupt Controller, Data Acquisition interfacesAnalog to Digital Converter (ADC), Digital to
Analog Converter (ADC), everything integrated onto
a single Silicon Chip.

IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS
Voltage regulators comprise a class of widely used
ICs.

Any microcomputer system requires memory to store

a sequence of instructions making up a program,
parallel port or serial port for communicating with an

Proceedings of International Academic Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, 8th Sept. 2013, Chennai, India
ISBN: 978-93-82702-28-3
11

Microcontroller Based Automatic Electronic Duster

external system, timer / counter for control purposes

like generating time delays, Baud rate for the serial
port, apart from the controlling unit called the Central
Processing Unit.

speed of the display, while higher temperature makes

the overall display discolor.
When the temperature gets to be within the normal
limits, the display will be normal. Polarization
degradation, bubble generation or polarizer peel-off
may occur with high temperature and humidity.
Contact with water or oil over a long period of time
may cause deformation or colour fading of the
display. Condensation on the terminals can cause
electro-chemical reaction disrupting the terminal
circuit
VII.
ADDRESSING MODES:
DIRECT ADDRESSING
In direct addressing, the operand specified by an 8-bit
address field in the instruction. Only internal data
RAM and SFRs can be directly addressed.
INDIRECT ADDRESSING:
In Indirect addressing, the instruction specifies a
register that contains the address of the operand. Both
internal and external RAM can indirectly address.
The address register for 8-bit addresses can be either
the Stack Pointer or R0 or R1 of the selected register
Bank. The address register for 16-bit addresses can be
only the 16-bit data pointer register, DPTR.

V.

HARDWARE:
INDEXED ADDRESSING:

Develop a uniquely decoded E strobe pulse, active

high, to accompany each module transaction. Address
or control lines can be assigned to drive the RS and
R/W inputs.

Program memory can only be accessed via indexed

addressing this addressing mode is intended for
reading look-up tables in program memory. A 16 bit
base register (Either DPTR or the Program Counter)
points to the base of the table, and the accumulator is
set up with the table entry number. Adding the
Accumulator data to the base pointer forms the
address of the table entry in program memory.
Another type of indexed addressing is used in the
case jump instructions. In this case the destination
address of a jump instruction is computed as the sum
of the base pointer and the Accumulator data.

Utilize the Hosts extended timing mode, if available,

when transacting with the module. Use instructions,
which prolong the Read and Write or other
appropriate data strobes, so as to realize the interface
timing requirements.
If a parallel port is used to drive the RS, R/W and E
control lines, setting the E bit simultaneously with
RS and R/W would violate the modules set up time.
A separate instruction should be used to achieve
proper interfacing timing requirements.
Make sure that there is enough space behind the
module, to dissipate the heat generated by the ICs
while functioning for longer durations. When an
electrically powered screwdriver is used to install the
module, ground it properly.
While cleaning by a vacuum cleaner, do not bring the
sucking mouth near the module. Static electricity of
the electrically powered driver or the vacuum cleaner
may destroy the module.
VI.
ENVIRONMENTAL PRECAUTIONS:

REGISTER INSTRUCTION:
The register banks, which contains registers R0
through R7, can be accessed by instructions whose
opcodes carry a 3-bit register specification.
Instructions that access the registers this way make
efficient use of code, since this mode eliminates an
address byte. When the instruction is executed, one of
four banks is selected at execution time by the row
bank select bits in PSW.
REGISTER - SPECIFIC INSTRUCTION:

Operate the LCD module under the relative condition

of 40 C and 50% relative humidity. Lower
temperature can cause retardation of the blinking

Some Instructions are specifiec to a certain register.

For example some instruction always operates on the
Accumulator, so no address byte is needed to point

Proceedings of International Academic Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, 8th Sept. 2013, Chennai, India
ISBN: 978-93-82702-28-3
12

Microcontroller Based Automatic Electronic Duster

OT ir. In these cases, the op code itself points to the

correct register. Instruction that regger to
Accumulator as A assemble as Accumulator specific Opcodes.

RAM to the DR. data transfer between the MPU is

then completed when the MPU reads the DR.
likewise, for the next MPU read of the DR, data in
DD RAM or CG RAM at the address is sent to the
DR automatically. Similarly, for the MPU write of
the DR, the next DD RAM or CG RAM address is
selected for the write operation.

IMMEDIATE CONSTANTS:
The value of a constant can follow the opcode in
program memory For example. MOV A, #100 loads
the Accumulator with the decimal number 100. The
same number could be specified in hex digit as 64h.

STEPPER MOTOR
Stepper motor is one of the commonly used motors
for precise angular movement. The advantage of sing
a stepper motor is that the angular position of the
motor shaft can be controlled without any feedback
mechanism. Stepper motors are widely used in
Industrial and commercial applications. They are also
commonly used as in drive systems of autonomous
robots.

INTERRUPTS
The AT89C51 provides 5 interrupt sources: Two
External interrupts, two-timer interrupts and a serial
port interrupts. The External Interrupts INT0 and
INT1 can each either level activated or transistion activated, depending on bits IT0 and IT1 in Register
TCON. The Flags that actually generate these
interrupts are the IE0 and IE1 bits in TCON. When
the service routine is vectored to hardware clears the
flag that generated an external interrupt only if the
interrupt WA transition - activated. If the interrupt
was level - activated, then the external requesting
source (rather than the on-chip hardware) controls the
requested flag. Tf0 and Tf1 generate the Timer 0 and
Timer 1 Interrupts, which are set by a rollover in their
respective Timer/Counter Register (except for Timer
0 in Mode 3). When a timer interrupt is generated, the
on-chip hardware clears the flag that generated it
when the service routine is vectored to. The logical
OR of RI and TI generate the Serial Port Interrupt.
Neither of these floag is cleared by hardware when
the service routine is vectored to. In fact, the service
routine normally must determine whether RI or TI
generated the interrupt an the bit must be cleared in
software.
In the Serial Port Interrupt is generated by the logical
OR of RI and TI. Neither of these floag is cleared by
hardware when the service toutine is vectored to. In
fact, the service routine normally must determine
whether RI to TI generated the interrupt and the bit
must be cleared in software.

This article explains the unipolar stepper motor

interfacing with AT89C51 microcontroller. The
microcontroller is programmed to rotate the stepper
in wave drive and half drive stepping modes. For
basic concepts and working of a stepper motor, refer
the article on Stepper Motor s.
A Unipolar Stepper Motor is rotated by energizing
the stator coils in a sequence. In unipolar stepper, the
direction of current in stator coils is not required to be
controlled by the driving circuit. Just applying the
voltage signals across the motor coils or motor leads
in a sequence is sufficient to drive the motor. A two
phase unipolar stepper motor has a total of six
wires/leads of which four are end wires (connected to
coils) and two are common wires. The color of
common wires in the stepper motor used here is
Green. Each common wire is connected to two end
leads thus forming two phases. The end leads
corresponding to each phase have to be identified.

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF THE

CONTROLLER IC REGISTERS:
The controller IC has two 8 bit registers, an
instruction register (IR) and a data register (DR). The
IR stores the instruction codes and address
information for display data RAM (DD RAM) and
character generator RAM (CG RAM). The IR can be
written, but not read by the MPU.
CONCLUSION

The DR temporally stores data to be written to /read

from the DD RAM or CG RAM. The data written to
DR by the MPU, is automatically written to the DD
RAM or CG RAM as an internal operation.
When an address code is written to IR, the data is
automatically transferred from the DD RAM or CG

Here we conclude that this is an advsnced technique

which reduce the manual operations and in future we
assure that this product will become a mandatory
thing in all institutions of our country.

Proceedings of International Academic Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, 8th Sept. 2013, Chennai, India
ISBN: 978-93-82702-28-3
13