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ABSTRACT
A herbicidal schedule consisting of spray application @ 1.5 kg ai/ha of butachlor applied after 4 days of
transplanting of rice sowing fro m the point of view of residue build up and its determination, revealed non -detectable
(< 0.001 g g -1 ) residue of the herbicide in soil, rice grain and straw at the time of harvest. Similarly a herbicidal schedule
consisting of spray application 1.0 kg a.i./ha of isoproturon applied after 35 days after wheat sowing respectively fro m the
point of view of residue build up. Analysis revealed non-detectable (< 0.001 g g -1 ) residue of the herbicides in soil, wheat
grain and straw at the time of harvest. Study revealed that continuous use of these herbicides did not cause residue build up
in soil, grain and straw of the crops.
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35 days of sowing of wheat. The rice crop was harvested in November in both the years and wheat crop was harvested in
the month of April in both the cropping seasons. The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Block Design (RBD)
with three replications. At the time of harvest, samples of soil, grain and straw were collected fro m the herbicide treated
plots.
Instrumentation
A Beckman HPLC equipped with selectable wavelength absorbance detector, Kipp and Zonen BD-40 recorder,
Rheodyne injector, 100 A pump ,150 x 4.5 mm i.d. packed with 5 m silica bonded with C 18 (ODS) - Hichro me colu mn
was used. The following parameters were maintained for analysis: mobile phase 80:20 (Methanol: wat er v/v), flo w rate:
1.0 mL min -1 , Wavelength: 254 n m, chart speed: 1 cm min -1 , attenuation: 0.020 aufs.
Extraction Methodol ogy
A 10 g sample of rice grain and soil and 5g sample of straw were extracted with dichloro methane (2 x 20 mL)
after shaking for an hour on a wrist action shaker. The contents were filtered through Whatman no. 42 filter paper and the
filtrate was concentrated to about 20 mL. It was then partitioned with 20 mL of water. After part itioning the
dichloro methane layer was collected and anhydrous 2 g hot Na 2 SO4 was added therein for absorption of any water content.
The solution was filtered out and the filtrate was concentrated to about 0.5 mL under reduced pressure. Thereafter,
a silica gel colu mn was prepared and after washing it with dichloro methane the sample was loaded on to the column.
The sample was eluted with (90:10) d ichloro methane-acetone mixture and evaporated under reduced pressure at 321C.
The residue was finally made up to 2 mL in the mobile phase.
The reference standard of butachlor of 95.4% purity was obtained from M/s Herbicide India, Jaipur and reference
standard of isoproturon of 98.0% purity was obtained from M/s Gharda Chemicals, Mumbai used for quantification,
recovery and determination of the retention time of the herbicide. The soil, grain and straw samp les were fortified with 100
ppm levels (1mL) for assessing the per cent recovery.
Recovery (% )
2004
2005
75.0
83.04
77.5
80.1
83.2
81.6
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The retention time of isoproturon under the present experimental conditions was found to be 5.5 min the mean
recovery for soil, grain and straw for 2 years was found 76%, 78.5 % and 85.7 % respectively. The minimu m detection
limit of the herbicide on the above HPLC system was 0.001g g -1 .The analysis revealed that no residues of isoproturon
were detectable at the time of harvest in soil, wheat grain and in wheat straw (Table -2). These results were in corroboration
with the findings of several other workers (Perrin,et al.,and Roberts et al) who reported a faster rate of isoproturon
dissipation under tropical conditions.
Table 2: Per Cent Recovery after Fortification and Harvest Ti me Residue of Isoproturon in Soil, Wheat Grai n and
Wheat Straw
Sample
Soil
Wheat grain
Wheat straw
Recovery (% )
2003-04 2004-05
78.2
77.0
79.0
79.5
77.4
88.2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The technical grade butachlor of 95.4% purity supplied by M/S Herbicide India, Jaipur and the technical grade
isoproturon of 95.4% purity supplied by M/S Gharda Chemicals, Mumbai is duly acknowledged.
REFERENCES
1.
Rajendra, K. and Lourduraj, A.C. (1999). Residual effect of herbicides in rice-ecosystem. A. Review, Agr.
Reviews Karnal.20 (1): 48-52.
2.
Reddy, K.N.; Rao, B.N.; Su ltan, M.A.; Reddy, D.S. and Babu, T.R. (1998) Residues of butachlor in paddy, J. of
Res. ANGRA U. 26(3-4):48-49.
3.
Wang, Y.S. and Wang, Y.S. (1999). Environmental impact of herbicide use in sub tropics. Food Sci. and Agr.
Chem. 1(3):165-179.
4.
AICRP-WC (2001-02).Final Technical Report. All India Co-ordinated Res. Prog. On Weed Control. NRCWS,
Jabalpur, p 64.
5.
Barooach, A.K.; Goswami, M.M., Deka, K.C. and Thakur, A.C. (1996).Terminal residues of triazopos and
butachlor in rice grain and straw. Proceedings of the Seminar on Problems and Prospects of the Agricultural
Research
and
Develop ment
in
North-East-India,
Assam Agricultural
Universality,
Jorhat,
India,
27-28.Nov.1995,331-334
6.
Malik, R.K. and Singh, S. (1995).Little canary grass(Phalris minor) resistance to isoproturon in India. Weed
Technology, 9:419-425.
7.
Perrin, G.C.; Brenzin, C.; Portal, J.M. and Schaiavon, M. (1996).Avalability and persiatance of isoproturon under
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