REVIEW OF FFECT OF DIFFERENT CHEMICAL PESTICIDES ON MUSTARD

APHID (LIPAPHIS ERYSIMI) AND THEIR ADVERSE EFFECTS ON LADYBIRD

BEETLE
Turnip is one of the most imperative, cross pollinated and cool season cruciferous vegetable crop
that is indigenous to Northern Asia and widely grown in Europe, Asia and United States. These
crops are attacked by many of the insect pests but the mustard aphids are one of the severe pests
of cruciferous crops. The damage is caused by both nymphs and the adults, these are louse-like
and pale greenish insects and is seen feeding in large numbers, often covering the entire surface
of the flower buds, shoots, pods etc. Among the naturals enemies, coccinellids are the best
known beneficial predatory insects that are commonly known as ladybird, lady beetles or lady
bugs.
Out of 6000 species found all around the world, 71 predatory ladybird beetles belongs to
Pakistan and these beetles are commonly measured useful insects as many species feed on soft
bodied insects like aphids, jassids, psyllids, whiteflies, scale insects, mealy bugs, insect eggs,
small larvae and mites that are detrimental to agricultural crops and forest plantations. Some of
the ladybird beetles are vulnerable to chemical insecticides like chlorpyrifos and pirmicarb at
the optional rates. Usually, the 1st and 2nd instars of ladybird beetles were very susceptible to
thiamethoxam and abamectin but these chemicals are very effective against aphids.
This research was meant to determine the end product of different chemical pesticides on
mustard aphid and their undesirable effects against ladybird beetle and to accomplish this study,
an experiment was laid out in the turnip field at Agricultural Research Institute, Peshawar during
2008. Plot size for turnip was 1 5m X 3.75m, plant to plant distance was 0.30-m and row to row
distance was 0.75-m.
The experiments were carried out with eight treatments, that are; Actara (low), Actara (medium),
Actara (high), Confidor (low), Confidor (medium), Confidor (high), and Fastki with a control.
The experiment was simulated three times in Randomized Complete Block Design and with the
formulas the data on population thickness of aphids and ladybird beetle, were collected on the
alternate days after spray till ninth day at two days interval.
Results of the study showed that Fastkil was more toxic to the mustard aphid population
followed by Actara (high),Actara (medium) and Actare (low). Fastkil was found to be most
lethal for the ladybird beetle population followed by Confidor (high), Actara (low), Confidor
(low), Confidor (medium), and Actara (medium). So it is recommended that Actara is safe and
effective for the control of mustard aphid and Farmers should use Actara for the control of
Aphids in the field as it is the slightest toxic to ladybird beetle population.