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w and a length L (Fig. P24.74). The height of the fuel between the
plates is h. You can ignore any fringing effects. (a) Derive an
expression for K eff as a function of h. (b) What is the effective
dielectric constant for a tank 41 full, 12 full, and 34 full if the fuel is
gasoline 1K = 1.952? (c) Repeat part (b) for methanol
1K = 33.02. (d) For which fuel is this fuel gauge more practical?
24.75 .. Three square metal
plates A, B, and C, each Figure P24.75
12.0 cm on a side and 1.50 mm
Metal
Paper
thick, are arranged as in Fig.
P24.75. The plates are sepaA
a
b
rated by sheets of paper
B
0.45 mm thick and with dielecC
tric constant 4.2. The outer
plates are connected together
and connected to point b. The inner plate is connected to point a.
(a) Copy the diagram and show by plus and minus signs the charge
distribution on the plates when point a is maintained at a positive
potential relative to point b. (b) What is the capacitance between
points a and b?
CHALLENGE PROBLEMS
24.76 ... CP The parallel-plate air capacitor in Fig. P24.76 consists of two horizontal conducting plates of equal area A. The bottom plate rests on a xed support, and the top plate is suspended
by four springs with spring constant k, positioned at each of the
four corners of the top plate as shown in the gure. When
uncharged, the plates are separated by a distance z 0. A battery is
connected to the plates and produces a potential difference V
between them. This causes the plate separation to decrease to z.
Neglect any fringing effects. (a) Show that the electrostatic force
between the charged plates has a magnitude P0 AV 2>2z 2. (Hint: See
Exercise 24.27.) (b) Obtain an expression that relates the plate separation z to the potential difference V. The resulting equation will
be cubic in z. (c) Given the values A = 0.300 m2, z 0 = 1.20 mm,
k = 25.0 N>m, and V = 120 V, nd the two values of z for which
the top plate will be in equilibrium. (Hint: You can solve the cubic
equation by plugging a trial value of z into the equation and then
adjusting your guess until the equation is satised to three signicant gures. Locating the roots of the cubic equation graphically
can help you pick starting values of z for this trial-and-error procedure. One root of the cubic equation has a nonphysical negative
value.) (d) For each of the two values of z found in part (c), is the
equilibrium stable or unstable? For stable equilibrium a small displacement of the object will give rise to a net force tending to
return the object to the equilibrium position. For unstable equilibrium a small displacement gives rise to a net force that takes the
object farther away from equilibrium.
Figure P24.76
k
z
k
k
A
A
24.77 ... Two square conducting plates with sides of length L are
separated by a distance D. A dielectric slab with constant K with
dimensions L * L * D is inserted a distance x into the space
between the plates, as shown in Fig. P24.77. (a) Find the capacitance