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second and third trimesters. And I also explain that iron-deficiency anemia
during pregnancy is associated with preterm delivery, low birth weight, and
infant mortality. I will advise to a married woman why she needs to prepare to
meet iron requirement for her pregnancy.
3. What is the best time to introduce the complementary feeding to the infant?
Briefly mention about the energy and nutrient gap.
Answer: the best time to introduce the complementary feeding to the infant is
at 6 months of age. From around six months of age, breast milk alone doesnt
meet the requirements for some nutrients. Exclusive breastfeeding is no longer
sufficient to meet all energy and nutrient needs by itself. Breast milk covers all
energy needs up to 6 months, but after 6 months there is energy gap that needs
to be covered by complementary food. The energy needed in addition to breast
milk is about 200 kcal per day in infants 6-8 months, 300 kcal per day in
infants 9-11 months, and 550 kcal per day in children 12-23 months of age.
The amount of food required to cover the gap increases as the child gets older,
and as the intake of breast milk decreases. Complementary food should
provide sufficient energy, protein, and micronutrients to cover energy and
nutrient gap. The largest gap micronutrients is for iron, so its especially
important that complementary food contain iron.
4. Briefly describe why dietary assessment is important?
Answer: because its the best approach for identifying nutrients that are likely
to either be under or overconsumed by the individual or population.
Reviewing a persons dietary data may suggest risk factors for chronic disease
and help to prevent them. Accurate and consistent measurement of dietary
intake and patterns of eating behavior is important when evaluating the
effectiveness of public health interventions to improve diet and reduce obesity.
5. Briefly explain why inflammation is important for biochemical nutritional
assessment?
Answer: because many plasma nutrients are influenced by infection or tissue
damage. These effects may be passive and the result of changes in blood
volume and capillary permeability. They may also be the direct effect of
metabolic alterations that depress or increase the concentration of a nutrient or
metabolic in the plasma. Where the nutrient or metabolite is a nutritional
biomarker as in the case of plasma retinol, a depression in retinol
concentrations will result in an overestimate of vitamin A deficiency. In
contrast, where the biomarker is increased due to infection as in the case of