Notes to the Walloon Dictionary

jwr47

Intro
The Encyclopaedia Britannica identified Walloon as the "northern-most Romance language".
Walloon is distinguished from other languages in the langue d'ol family both by archaism coming
from Latin and by its significant borrowing from Germanic languages, as expressed in its phonetics,
its lexicon, and its grammar. At the same time, Walloon phonetics are singularly conservative: the
language has stayed fairly close to the form it took during the High Middle Ages.
Walloon is a most interesting source of vowel correlations, because with the help of Walloon we
may understand why the Dj- or Di-initiations may be understood as vowel structures,
representing j or i respectively the G-initial as an equivalent of j. In this language the Dj
or Di is a vowel, which is related to the i.
Most samples for vowel symbolism have been derived from the Walloon Swadesh list (appendix)
and other sources1..
From Djzef ~ Joseph we understand that Walloon inserts a D as a header for Josph. Therefore
we may assume leading Dj-letters may be read as a simple J.
Also Djezus-Cri (~ Jesus Christ) illustrates that the name Diu Dju or Di (God) may loose its Dprefix and be equivalent to Iu, Ju in (Jupiter) or ji in the ego-pronoun (French je).
Of course the word djo for day may also be equivalent to French jour (day).
And djusse (correct) is related to English just.
The ego-pronoun dji (I) correlates to several symbolic roots:

the word djin for man (human being)

the word deus for two
the word djo for day
the words Diu, Dju or Di for God
the word djaey for walnut
the word djusse for correct

As a language Walloon, which has stayed fairly close to the form it took during the High Middle
Ages, these correlations suggest that the ego-pronoun had been embedded in a vowel symbolism
centered around Diu, Dju or Di for God.
Especially the Oscan and Other Italic Languages, the Appulo barese and Savoy French Dialects
seem to provide related symbolism in the links between ego-pronouns and divine names.
The most archaic European dialects such as Walloon, Savoy and Sardinian (Campadese) dialects all
used a header letter D (or alternatively Z) for their ego-pronouns. In contrast the divine name
in these languages mostly starts with a leading D.

1 Free Walloon Dictionary

Oscan
The Oscan ego-pronoun v may also have spread to other dialects in which j'j and j even still
carry the apostrophe-accentuated dual j-structure2:

j'j in Appulo barese (which also uses ium'n as word human being - a sort of IU-man)
ji in Barese, for example: ji so (I am)3
j'j in Abruzzese adriatico - pescarese
I in Marchigiano Meridionale - Ascolano
j in Molisano (in which ijud is used for human being4)
je in Neapolitan Napulitano (nap)5
eje in Irpinian "Vallatese" Neapolitan

I noticed the Italic dialects (including Oscan) seemed to avoid inserting a leading D to their
pronouns, whereas the Walloon language, the Savoyan and Sardinian dialects all inserted the
leading D or Z to their ego-pronouns.
This rule seemed to be applied for all words starting with an i or j.

Walloon
Walloon however seemed to insert a D for every word starting with a J, even for Djzef and
Djezus-Cri. The insertion seemed to depend on the accents for the syllables. The D had to be
inserted to allow the mouth to emphasize the last syllable.
The emphasis shift is only needed for some Romance languages. In French the divine name inserted
a leading D although Jupiter had been copied from Latin without an additional D.
Especially the name Jesus seems to be problematic in choosing the correct emphasis for syllables.
English Walloon

Dutch

Jseph Djzf

Jzef

Greek

French

Spanish Italian

Josph

Jos

Giusppe,
Beppe, Peppone

Jsus

Djezs

Jpiter Djpiter

Jozfa
Jsefien

Josphe
Josphine

Jzus

Jsus-Christ Jess

Jpiter

Jpiter

Jpiter Give
Dos

Di, Dj or Di (God) -

Die

Jne

Djn 6

Jun

Jni

Gnesis Djenze

Gnesis gense

Jw

Jd

Djwf

Ges
Do

Juf

Table 1: Emphasis for Joseph, Jesus and Diu

I am not sure about the emphasis in Di, but it should follow the rules for French, which shifts the
accent towards the end of the word in Die.
Strange as it may seem the French do not insert a leading D to Jupiter.
2
3
4
5
6

Swadesh list for Neapolitan

Bari dialect - Linguistic features
lingua croata molisana
Swadesh lists for Italian languages
From Old French juin, from Latin inius, from the name of the goddess Juno.

Correlating Walloon, Italic, Sardinian, Savoyan and Provencal dialects

Correlations between Walloon and Italic, Sardinian, Savoyan and Provencal dialects may be
illustrated in an overview. In order to reconstruct the Walloon word djin I also tracked the human
being-words alongside the ego-pronouns. The Appulo barese word ium'n and Molisano ijud
suggests to understand these man-designators as IU-man, which also may have been interpreted
in djin if we remove the inserted leading D. This deletion leaves a jin, which seems to match
ium'n and ijud. Also the old-Persian ego-pronoun adam7 correlates the ego to creation legends.
Language

Dialect

Ego-pronoun

human being

The divine name

Walloon

Walloon

dji (I)

djin

Diu, Dju or Di

Oscan

Oscan

humun

Dive (Jupiter)

Italic

Appulo barese

j'j

ium'n

Italic

Barese

ji

Italic

Abruzzese

j'j

Italic

Molisano (Molise-Slavic Slavic j

in southern Italy)

ijud8

Italic

Neapolitan

je

mmo

Italic

Irpinian "Vallatese" Neapolitan

eje

hommen

Italic

Sicilian

iu

omu

Sardinian

Campidanese

Savoyan

ummn'

Diu

du

Deu

central-east (Thnes, Messery)

d/d

dju, DYU

Savoyan

central (Aix, Annecy)

DE

DYU

Savoyan

central-east (Thnes, Messery)

d/d

dju, DYU

Savoyan

central-east (Albertville)

DE

deje, dezye

Savoyan

south-east (Aillon-Vieux)

Savoyan

south-east (Aussois)

de (deu)

Savoyan

do

Savoyan

south-east (Arches)

dye

Savoyan

south-east (Montagny, Bozel)

dzeu

Savoyan

south-east (Cte-Aime)

dzou

Savoyan

dzou, dz, djeu, Dyeu

zde

Savoyan

central-east (Bessans, Giettaz)

ze

DYU, dezyeu, dzye

Savoyan

central-east (Cordon)

zhe

dzhyu , dzu

Savoyan

central-east (Chamonix)

zhou

djyu

Savoyan

central-east (Tignes, Val-d'Isre)

zou
zounh

Provencal Nimes

Yiou

Dou

Table 2: Correlating Walloon, Italic, Sardinian, Savoyan and Provencal dialects

7 I: meaning, definition, synonyms - WordSense.eu
8 sagners slavistische sammlung
9 Hieroglyphs in Indo-European Languages

Etymology of Walloon samples for vowel symbolism

Personal Pronouns
No. English
1
I
2
you (singular)

Walloon (walon)
dji; mi
vos

The divine name Dju

The divine name is missing in the Swadesh list and always will have to be searched in extraneous
sources.
As a child I live alongside the Walloon border area and I remember to have used the divine name
Nom de Dju (French: Name of God), spoken as Nondedju, which had been considered as a
mild curse.
Therefore the Walloon sky-god's name must have been Dju - related to French Dieu. In
Wikipedia the name has been defined as: Li Bon Diu (or Bon Di, respectively Di)10.

Dju rl a: Diu. rl a: nodidju.

Numbers
The word deus for two correlates to the ego-pronoun dji,
22
23

one
two

on, onk
deus

Man and Woman

36
37
38
40
41
42
43

woman
man (adult male)
man (human being)
wife
husband
mother
father
Joseph

feme
ome
djin
feme
ome
mame
pa
Djzef

Vowel words in the Swadesh List

67
74

egg
eye

10 Bon Diu

o
ouy

Vowel words
Generally all Dj-words relate to French equivalent J- or G--words, which may be illustrated
by some samples:

djaive ~ visage (face), probably related to gueuye ~ mouth. From Old French goule
(mouth), from Latin gula (gullet, throat).
Di wde ~ Bye / Goodbye (Farewell ?, French: Adieu)
djaey ~ Juglans regia, English walnut11.
djawe [f.n.] 1. tchife. F. joue. ~ Cheek
djeu 1 [o.n.] 1. sacw po djouwer. F. jeu, jouet. 2. sre di djouwaedje. F. jeu, amusement,
divertissement. ~ Game, play
djeu 2 [o.n.] (v mot d' cins) 1. bws travay, on mete long, k' on mete aprs les coines des
bos ki saetcht des tchrs, des tcherowes. ~ Yoke.
Djezus-Cri ~ Jesus Christ
djonne ~ young12
djodi rl a: djudi. ~ Jeudi (Thursday)
Djuda I. [n.dj.] onk des doze sujheus da Djezus-Cri. ~ Judas
djudi [o.n.] cwatrinme djo del samwinne, li cnkinme po les Djwifs et ls Arabes. rl a:
diyou. 13 ~ Jeudi (Thursday)
Djurd (sint) sint fiesti el Walonreye, k' a dn l' no viyaedje di Sint-Djurd (SaintGrard).
Do [n.pl.] ancyin ptit ban del Walonreye, e F. Dour (region)
Jupiler rl a: Djoupeyire.

Animals
46
48

bird
louse

oujhea, moxhon
piou

Water
150 water
152 river

aiwe
aiwe

Colors
172
173
174
175
176

red
green
yellow
white
black
blue

rodje
vert
djaene
blanc
noer
bleu14

11 v djaey plake
12 Walloon language
13 >> Djudi sint u Blanc djudi u djudi des sets eglijhes: djudi di dvant Pke. rl a: djo. Disfondowes: djdi, djudi,
djd, djud, djodi, djouwdi, djedi, djwd, djdi, djdi, djidi, djd (miersipepieuzmint al mape ALW 3, 43).
Etimolodjeye: latn "dies Jovis" (djo d' Djupiter, di des Romins), avou racolaedje txhon "Jovis, dies" (Djupiterdjo).
14 Le dictionnaire explicatif mois par mois - avril

Antipodes
177
178
183
184
196

night
day
new
old
correct

nute
djo
novea
v
djusse

Overview of the Notes on Dictionaries and Vocabularies

Notes to the Walloon Dictionary

Notes to the Basque Dictionary
Notes to the Vowels A, I, U (in Sumerian, Turkic, Assyrian, Akkadian, Babylonian,
Ugaritic, Hittite, Luwian, Proto-Sinaitic, Linear B, Ogham, Runes, Orkhon languages)
Notes on a Gothic Glossary
Notes on a Gaelic Manx Dictionary
The Strange Link Between Sumerian A & E-Words and the Scandinavian -Words
Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages
Notes to the Cuneiform Old-Persian Scripture
Notes to Etymons of English Words (1826)
Some Notes to "Etymons of English Words" by John Thomson (1826)
The Ego-pronouns and Divine Names in Savoy French Dialects
Yiou & Dou in the dialect of Nimes - Published: 11/15/2012
Notes to the Turkic Runic Alphabet - Published: 07 / 20 / 2012
The IO-Words in the Welsh Dictionary - Published: 06 / 22 / 2012
Analysis of lfric's Language (Old English text - before 1025) Published: 06 / 21 / 2011
The Wycliffe Bible Published: 12 / 24 / 2010 - Reads: 926
...

Appendix: Walloon Swadesh list 15

No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

Walloon
walon
I
dji; mi
you (singular)
vos
he
i; lu
we
nos; noztes
you (plural)
vos; voztes
they
i; zels
this
ci
that
oula
here
chal, droci
there
la, lv
who
k
what
cw
where
wice
when
cwand
how
comint
not
nn
all
tot
many
brmint
some
sacwants
few
p
other
te
one
on, onk
two
deus
three
troes
four
cwate
five
cnk
big
grand
long
longou
wide
ldje
thick
s(i)ps
heavy
pezant
small
p(i)tit
short
court
narrow
s(i)troet
thin
mwinre
woman
feme
man (adult male)
ome
man (human being) djin
English

15 Walloon Swadesh list

39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81

child
wife
husband
mother
father
animal
fish
bird
dog
louse
snake
worm
tree
forest
stick
fruit
seed
leaf
root
bark (of a tree)
flower
grass
rope
skin
meat
blood
bone
fat (noun)
egg
horn
tail
feather
hair
head
ear
eye
nose
mouth
tooth
tongue (organ)
fingernail
foot
leg

efant
feme
ome
mame
pa
biesse
pexhon
oujhea, moxhon
tchn
piou
sierpint
halene
be
bws
baston
frut
grinne
foye
raecene
schoice
fleur
yebe
coide
pea
tch
sonk
oxhea
crxhe
o
coine
cawe
plome
tch(i)vea, poyaedje
tiesse
oraye
ouy
nez
boke
dint
linwe
ongue
p
djambe

82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124

knee
hand
wing
belly
guts
neck
back
breast
heart
liver
to drink
to eat
to bite
to suck
to spit
to vomit
to blow
to breathe
to laugh
to see
to hear
to know
to think
to smell
to fear
to sleep
to live
to die
to kill
to fight
to hunt
to hit
to cut
to split
to stab
to scratch
to dig
to swim
to fly
to walk
to come
to lie (as in a bed)
to sit

dj(i)no
mwin
aile
vinte
boyeas
hatrea, goz
dos
pwetrene
cour
foete
boere
magn
hagn
suc
raetch
r(i)nder
shofler
respirer
rire
vey
re
saveur
tuzer
sinti
aveur peu
doirmi
viker
mori
touwer
si bate
tchess
bouxh
cper
prti
greter
schvler
nedj
voler
roter
v(i)ni
cok
ashir

125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167

to stand
to turn (intransitive)
to fall
to give
to hold
to squeeze
to rub
to wash
to wipe
to pull
to push
to throw
to tie
to sew
to count
to say
to sing
to play
to float
to flow
to freeze
to swell
sun
moon
star
water
rain
river
lake
sea
salt
stone
sand
dust
earth
cloud
fog
sky
wind
snow
ice
smoke
fire

astamper
tourner
tchair, toumer
d(i)ner
t(i)ni
s(i)trinde
froy
nety
xhorbi
saetch
poss
taper
loy
keuze
conter
dire
tchanter
djouwer
floter
couler
djaler
infler
solea
lune
s(i)toele
aiwe
plouve
aiwe
lak
mer
s
pire
svlon
possire
tere, daegn
nlye
brouyrd
cir
vint
nivaye
glaece
foumire
feu

168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207

ash
to burn
road
mountain
red
green
yellow
white
black
night
day
year
warm
cold
full
new
old
good
bad
rotten
dirty
straight
round
sharp (as a knife)
dull (as a knife)
smooth
wet
dry
correct
near
far
right
left
at
in
with
and
if
because
name

cinde
broler
voye
montinne
rodje
vert
djaene
blanc
noer
nute
djo
anye
tchd
froed
plin
novea
v
bon
mva, mwais
pouri
mannet, mss
droet
rond
cpant, awijh
diswijh
lisse, dos
frexh
setch
djusse
prs
lon
droete
hintche
a
dins
avou
et, eyet
si
paski
no

Contents
Intro......................................................................................................................................................1
Oscan...............................................................................................................................................2
Walloon............................................................................................................................................2
Correlating Walloon, Italic, Sardinian, Savoyan and Provencal dialects.........................................3
Etymology of Walloon samples for vowel symbolism.........................................................................4
Personal Pronouns............................................................................................................................4
The divine name Dju....................................................................................................................4
Numbers...........................................................................................................................................4
Man and Woman..............................................................................................................................4
Vowel words in the Swadesh List....................................................................................................4
Vowel words....................................................................................................................................5
Animals............................................................................................................................................5
Water................................................................................................................................................5
Colors...............................................................................................................................................5
Antipodes.........................................................................................................................................6
Overview of the Notes on Dictionaries and Vocabularies....................................................................7
Appendix: Walloon Swadesh list .........................................................................................................8