CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Education as the goal of human nature contains many aspects and very
complex nature. Due to the complex nature, then there is a limit was sufficient to
explain the meaning of a complete education. Restrictions made by experts diverse,
and its contents are different from one another. These differences may be due to its
orientation, the basic concepts used, aspects of the pressure, or because the
underlying philosophy. We agree that education is something that is familiar to us,
especially since we are engaged in education. We must also agree that education is
needed by everyone. It can be said that education is experienced by all people of all
classes. But often people forget about the meaning and nature of education itself. Like
the other things that have become routine, tend forgotten the basic meaning and
essence. Because it is true to say that everyone who looks in education proper to
always reflect on the meaning and nature of education, reflecting in the middle of the
action or the action as the fruit of reflection.
In Islamic perspective, there are three well-known terms in field of education.
They are tarbiyah which derives from word rabba, tadib which derives from word
addaba and talim which derives from word allama.
Tarbiyah is meant to human activity in developing or grow something
gradually until reaching the goal. It emphasize the function to an educational process
which done on purpose and systematically toward an objective. Briefly, it talks about
formal education which has to be accomplished by systematic process. Tadib
emphasize on general developing attitudes in larger context, either formal, informal
even non-formal. The use of this term has wider scope compare to other both terms.
Talim tends to emphasize its function to an educative process in achieving
determined targets.

These three terms has mutual relation. If it is arranged into systematical steps,
tadib will come first as the widest scope, then tarbiyah as the next and talim as the
narrowest scope will come the last.
According to the tittle of this paper, education and schooling, it is clearly seen
that education as the tadib and schooling as the combination of tarbiyah and talim.

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Education
Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge,
skills, values, beliefs and habits of a group of people are transferred from one
generation to the next through storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and or
research. Education may also include informal transmission of such information from
one human being to another. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of
others, but learners may also educate themselves (autodidactic learning). Any
experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be
considered educational.
1.

Definition
a) Etymology
Etymologically, in Wikipedia the word education is derived from
the Latin ducti (A breeding, a bringing up, a rearing) from dc (I
educate, I train) which is related to the homonym dc (I lead forth, I take
out; I raise up, I erect) from - (from, out of) and dc (I lead, I
conduct).
Websters

dictionary

defines

education

as

knowledge

and

development resulting from an instructive process, or more specifically, the

act or progression of acquiring or imparting knowledge. Most people think a
good education is the result of completing a specific number of years in a
formal instructive discipline, such as higher educations acquired in colleges
and universities in a specific field of study.

According to Carter V.Good in his book Dictionary of Education

explain that education means:
1) Pedagogic
First, it is about art, practice or profession as a teacher (teaching).
Second, it is about systematical knowledge or teaching that relate to
methods and principles of teaching and guiding students.

2) Personal development process, social process and professional

courses. Art of making and understanding science which is set and
developed in the past by every generation.

b) Terminology
Terminologically, some expert has defined the meaning of education.
They are:
1) Omar Mohammad al-Toumy al-Syaebani state that education is an
effort to change someone behavior on his personal, social and
surrounding natural life.1
2) Muhammad Fadil al-Jamaly express that education have to be keyed
always to religions issues which is grounded by deep faith, because
faith will direct someone to honorable attitude that signed by good
behavior.2
3) Ki Hajar Dewantara defines education as an effort to develop attitude,
thought and body of a student in order to get perfect live and create
student who is fit to his nature and environment.

See Muhmidayeli, Teori-teori Pengembangan: Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Pendidikan , Refika
Aditama, Bandung, 2013, page. 42
2
Ibid, page 42

4) John Dewey argues that education is a process of basic opinion

development intellectually and emotionally about nature and human
being.
5) Langeveld describe that educating is giving an on purpose basic help
to a child in his growth toward maturity.

2. Objective
Education has a goal to humanize human.3 Human cannot be real human when
they cannot maximize their body and soul function. Humanizing human need
a set of directional condition, on purpose, that will produce knowledge,
develop thinking and continue to self-attitude.
Morality will be an evidence of soul development. Meaning that, educated
people will be determined by their behavior and attitude. The more educated
someone, it should be shown by the courtesy of morality.

3. Kinds of Education
a) Formal
Formal education corresponds to a systematic, organized education
model, structured and administered according to a given set of laws and
norms, presenting a rather rigid curriculum as regards objectives, content and
methodology.
It corresponds to the education process normally adopted by our
schools and universities. Formal education institutions are administratively,
physically and curricularly organized and require from students a minimum
classroom attendance. There is a program that teachers and students alike
must observe, involving intermediate and final assessments in order to
advance students to the next learning stage.

See Muhmidayeli, Filsafat Pendidikan, Refika Aditama, Bandung, 2013, page. 69

b) Informal
Informal education is a learning that goes on in daily life and can be
received from daily experience, such as from family, friends, peer groups, the
media and other influences in a person's environment; and non-formal
education- educational activity which is not structured and takes place outside
the formal system.

c) Non-formal
Non-formal education is an integral part of a lifelong learning concept
that ensures that young people and adults acquire and maintain the skills,
abilities and dispositions needed to adapt to a continuously changing
environment. It can be acquired on the personal initiative of each individual
through different learning activities taking place outside the formal
educational system. An important part of non-formal education is carried out
by non-governmental organisations involved in community and youth work.

B. Schooling
1. Definition
a) Etymology
Etymologically, word school derives from Greek (schol),
originally meaning "leisure" and also that in which leisure is employed, but
later a group to whom lectures were given, school.
Online dictionary translates schooling as education or training
received, especially at school.

b) Terminology
Schools are places, whereas education is an activity and an idea (as
well as an ideal). As places, schools are recognizable by their architectural
features (e.g., distinct entrances, fenced playgrounds), population density (see,
6

e.g., almost any high school during class change time) and indigenous
population (children). They are ostensibly charged with fostering education;
that is, helping parents teach young people what they need to learn in order to
grow up to be adults who lead good lives as individuals and community
members. Like other modern institutions, however, schools serve competing
agendas, each of which affects the educational responsibility.

2. Objective
Schooling objectives are forward looking statements can be achieved
as a result of learning, and a description of the behavior that is expected to be
achieved by learners after going through a learning process.

C. Education vs Schooling
There is a fundamental difference between the word education and schooling.
Basically, education has a wider meaning than learning, while schooling is part of an
education.
There are a few things to show a difference between education and schooling.
That simply, education is a conscious and deliberate effort to mature learners to
transfer the values (value). While, schooling is a conscious and deliberate effort to
mature learners to transfer knowledge.
Basically, the difference between education and learning can be seen from the
difference between the word teach and educate. Teaching is to provide the knowledge
or the skills training (skills) to children. While educate is to form the manners and
character of children. Thus, the teaching is the teachers form of intelligence. And
with education, teachers establish morality in children.
Teaching is a technical activity everyday life of a teacher. All the preparation
of teachers is to teach technical nature. The result can also be measured with
instruments that are behavior change. Not all education is learning, not all schooling
is education. The difference between educating and teaching is very thin, but simply
7

to say 'good teaching is to educate'. In other words, educate can use the teaching
process as a means to achieve maximum results in achieving educational goals.
Educating framed activity is more medium- or long-term. Results of education
cannot be seen in the near future or instantly. Education is an integrative activity if
the thought, though the taste, and if the initiative in synergy with the development of
reasoning level learners.
Teaching, weight is the mastery of knowledge, skills and expertise that lasts
for all men at all ages. While educating, weight is the formation of a mental attitude
or personality of the learner. In other words, teaching is more emphasis on the
mastery of specific knowledge, while educating more emphasis on human formation
(planting attitudes and values).
Basically, schooling is a part of education. Educational activities did not
escape from the learning activities. Although education and schooling words often
crocheted and put together, but there is a fundamental difference between the two
words. Although the two words are often used simultaneously, but there is a
difference in the meaning of both.

D. Philosophy of Education
Education usually begins when a baby is born and lasts a lifetime.4 Education
could have originated from before birth as is done by many people to play music and
read to the baby in the womb with the hope that he could teach their babies before
birth.
For some people, the experience of everyday life is more meaningful than the
formal education. As Mark Twain said, "I never let schooling interfere with my
education.
Family members have the most profound teaching role, often more profound
than they realize, even though teaching family members running unofficially.

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendidikan

Can be emphasized that philosophy cannot be separated from education,

because philosophy is the soul of education. Realization of view Philosophy of
education includes the following elements:5
1. Principle and educational purposes
Principle of Education is an underlying foundation of the educational process.
The functions of principle of education:
a. Develop education
b. Development of personality
c. Provide direction for the program
d. Sources of regulations used as a lifeline and grip step implementation.
Principle of formal education in Indonesia is Pancasila. Pancasila asserted that
education is to educate the character and soul, and also instill the values of
virtue and familiarize learners with high courtesy.
While, the purpose of education is to provide direction where education must
be addressed and provide definite provisions in selecting materials, methods,
tools, evaluation of the activities carried out. In general, the purpose of
education in Indonesia is to steer towards maturity stage.

2. Educators and students

Educators are responsible adults who give aid to students in the physical and
spiritual development, in order to achieve a level of maturity, capable of selffulfilling his duties as a creature of God, a social being, and being
independent individuals. Educators are as a medium to reach the goal.
Learners are children who are growing and growing, both in terms of physical
and mental development. To be given proper education and efficient

Jalaluddin dan Idi, Abdullah, Filsafat Pendidikan.Jakarta:Raja Grafindo Persada, 2011, page 142

education performed must be in accordance with the development of each

learner.

3. Curriculum
The curriculum is formulations, course objectives, outline the subject of
valuation and other devices. Relations curriculum and educational purposes
very closely as the contents and the Way achieve educational goals. The
nature of the curriculum is progressive, developing, advanced, dynamic
therefore should always conduct the evaluation of the curriculum. Curriculum
relationship with philosophical views seen in the forms of curriculum
implemented.

4. Education system
Departing from the theory of human development education can be
interpreted as a human endeavor to cultivate and develop the innate potential,
both physical and spiritual in accordance with the values in the society and
culture of a nation's civilization developed results based on the outlook of the
nation itself (values and norms of society) that serves as an educational
philosophy or as ideals and educational purposes.
The education system is a system that is used as a benchmark for human
behavior in society that contains the potential to control, regulate and direct
the development of society in the field of education, the education system is
needed to address all the issues in the education system of education is the
educational philosophy adopted.

10

CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

There are three well-known terms in field of education in Islamic perspective;

tarbiyah, tadib and talim. These three terms has mutual relation. If it is arranged
into systematical steps, tadib will come first as the widest scope, then tarbiyah as the
next and talim as the narrowest scope will come the last. In relation to terms
Education and schooling, education as the tadib and schooling as the combination of
tarbiyah and talim.
Experts have defined that education is a set of efforts to change someones
behavior and attitude to be a better human being in terms of body and soul. Meaning
that education is not only concern about cognitive achievement but also affective.
Education can be gained from systematical or un-systematical efforts through
studying and learning.
In general opinion, people define education as schooling. However, both of
these terms, have a fundamental different. If education concern about skill and moral,
systematic and un-systematic effort, schooling concerns about skill and only through
systematical efforts. Schooling is translated as systematical instruction, effort that
happen at school, and with obvious goal. The goal of schooling is limited to gaining
cognitive skill though a set of studies to achieve particular objective.

11

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jalaluddin and Idi, Abdullah. 2007. Filsafat Pendidikan: Manusia, Filsafat dan
Pendidikan. Jogjakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media.
Muhmidayeli, 2014. Teori-teori Pengembangan: Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Pendidikan ,
Refika Aditama, Bandung.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education
Muhmidayeli. 2013. Filsafat Pendidikan. Bandung: Refika Aditama.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/schooling
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/education
https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071202001824AAZWCZk
http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/difference-between-education-andschooling/
http://ulashoim.blogspot.com/2013/06/makna-dasar-pendidikan-danpembelajaran.html
http://ulashoim.blogspot.com/2013/06/perbedaan-antara-pendidikan-dan.html
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744-7984.2008.00128.x/abstract
http://www.techne-dib.com.br/downloads/6.pdf
http://radityapenton.blogspot.com/2012/11/pendidikan-formal-informal-dannonformal.html

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SCIENTIFIC PHILOSHOPY
EDUCATION AND SCHOOLING

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
DAMALIS

DAMALIS
DINUL HABIBI

ENGLISH POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF

SULTAN SYARIF KASIM RIAU

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