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M A N U A L
Course Manual
Trainor as 2007
Trainor as
P. O. Box 554 Sentrum
NO-3101 Tnsberg
Norway
Telephone + 47 33 37 89 00
Facsimile + 47 33 37 89 01
post@trainor.no
www.trainor.no
71212
Trainor as 2007
Preface
The course is based on the standards and regulations for
installation, operation and maintenance of electrical equipment for
use in a potential explosive atmosphere in both off- and onshore
installations. Every chapter has a goal to achieve and a control test
in order to give the participants a pedagogic angle of the material.
The manual is built up in such a way that it shall be a natural
progression in the course. The manual is therefor divided into
chapters according to the main topics, and is also marked with head
words in the margin to mark out important words.
Good luck!
71212
Course Manual
Trainor as 2007
Course objectives
Ex philosophy
Zone classification
Ex motors
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Table of contents
C O U R S E
M A N U A L
Ex philosophy ............................................................................................................13
Hazardous areas ............................................................................. 15
Flammable environments........................................................... 16
Gas ......................................................................................... 16
Dust........................................................................................ 16
Explosives.............................................................................. 16
Oxygen enriched atmospheres ............................................... 16
Classification of zones ............................................................... 17
Sources of release .................................................................. 17
Continuous source of release ................................................. 17
Primary source of release....................................................... 17
Secondary source of release................................................... 17
Dividing into zones.................................................................... 18
Zone 0 .................................................................................... 18
Zone 1 .................................................................................... 18
Zone 2 .................................................................................... 19
Zone map ............................................................................... 20
Ventilation ............................................................................. 21
Fire and explosion theory .......................................................... 22
Flash point ............................................................................. 22
Ignition temperature............................................................... 22
Ignition energy....................................................................... 22
Danger classes............................................................................ 22
Class A................................................................................... 22
Class B ................................................................................... 22
Class C ................................................................................... 22
Fire and explosion triangle ........................................................ 23
Preventing fire and explosion .................................................... 23
Gas theory .................................................................................. 24
Explosion curve ..................................................................... 24
Upper explosion limit UEL ................................................... 25
Lower explosion limit LEL ................................................... 25
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Deflagration ........................................................................... 25
Explosion ............................................................................... 25
Detonation.............................................................................. 25
Gas groups ................................................................................. 26
IIA, IIB and IIC ..................................................................... 26
Control test..................................................................................... 31
C H A P T E R
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C H A P T E R
Ex Motors ................................................................................................................191
Constructions ............................................................................... 193
Exe motor................................................................................. 193
Exd motor ................................................................................ 194
Exp motor ................................................................................ 195
ExnA motor.............................................................................. 196
Terminals ................................................................................. 197
Cooling of Ex motors............................................................... 202
Cooling ribs ......................................................................... 202
Cooling fan .......................................................................... 202
Temperatures in a Exe motor................................................... 204
Limiting temperatures.......................................................... 204
Limiting temperatures for insulated windings ......................... 205
IA/IN and tE-time..................................................................... 205
Constructional requirements .................................................... 206
Testing of protection device .................................................... 208
Ex - motorer and frequency converters.................................... 208
Ex d motors.......................................................................... 208
Ex e motors .......................................................................... 209
Ex n motors.......................................................................... 209
Change of bearings .............................................................. 209
Control test................................................................................... 213
C H A P T E R
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C H A P T E R
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Earthing ...................................................................................................................271
General earthing........................................................................... 273
Distribution systems ................................................................ 274
Letter code ........................................................................... 274
TN - C - S system ............................................................. 275
IT system .......................................................................... 275
Protection earth.................................................................... 276
Intrinsically safe earth.......................................................... 277
Instrumentation earth ........................................................... 278
Bonding................................................................................ 279
Separation of earth systems ..................................................... 280
Earthing of a field instrument .................................................. 282
Termination of earth ................................................................ 285
Control and maintenance ......................................................... 287
Control test................................................................................... 289
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List of figures
Figures
Figure 1 Zone map for a gas station .............................................. 20
Figure 2 Fire/explosion triangle..................................................... 23
Figure 3 Explosion curve............................................................... 24
Figure 4 The explosion property of IIA, IIB and IIC .................... 26
Figure 5 Flameproof enclosure with direct cable entry ................. 40
Figure 6 Ex d - Flameproof equipment with indirect cable
entry ....................................................................................... 41
Figure 7 Ex e - increased safety..................................................... 42
Figure 8 Transmitter and barrier.................................................... 43
Figure 9 Ex nA - zone 2 motor ...................................................... 45
Figure 10 Ex m encapsulated coil............................................... 46
Figure 11 Ex s - special equipment............................................... 47
Figure 12 Ex telephone .................................................................. 48
Figure 13 Passive components....................................................... 50
Figure 14 Example of an identification plate ................................ 52
Figure 15 Ex e motor ................................................................... 194
Figure 16 Ex de motor ................................................................. 195
Figure 17 Ex p motor ................................................................... 196
Figure 18 Determination of tE-time ............................................. 206
Figure 19 Min. tE as a function of IA/IN ....................................... 207
Figure 20 Protective devices characteristic ................................ 207
Figure 21 Ex-d motor with outside bearing................................. 210
Figure 22 Ex-d motor with internal bearing ................................ 210
Figure 23 Ex-d motor with stepped shaft and internal bearing ... 211
Figure 24 Flame retardant cable .................................................. 217
Figure 25 Fire resistant cable....................................................... 218
Figure 26 Creepage distance........................................................ 221
Figure 27 Principe of Exe termination......................................... 222
Figure 28 Principle of an Ex d gland ........................................... 224
Figure 29 Compression gland ...................................................... 225
Figure 30 Compound gland ......................................................... 229
Figure 31 Exd with indirect entry................................................ 235
Figure 32 Adapter and reducer for Exd enclosures ..................... 236
Figure 33 Illustration of Exe gland assembly .............................. 237
Figure 34 TN - C - S - system...................................................... 275
Figure 35 IT - system................................................................... 275
Figure 36 Example of fatale current ............................................ 276
Figure 37 Intrinsically safe earth ................................................. 277
Figure 38 Instrumentation earth................................................... 278
Figure 39 Principe of bonding ..................................................... 279
Figure 40 Incorrect separation of earth systems .......................... 280
Figure 41 Correct separation of earth systems............................. 281
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Equations
Feil! Fant ingen elementer for figurlisten.
Tables
Table 1 The gas grouping table ..................................................... 28
Table 2 Special precautions for Exd and Exi equipment............... 49
Table 3 Comparison table .............................................................. 54
Table 4 Generations of certificates ................................................ 55
Table 5 Temperature classes.......................................................... 56
Table 6 Older German temp. class. ............................................... 56
Table 7 Different temperature classifications................................ 57
Table 8 shows the connection between the gas groups and the
equipment groups................................................................... 58
Table 9 National/international gas groups ..................................... 59
Table 10 IP-classification .............................................................. 62
Table 11 Comparing NEMA, UL, and CSA type rating to
IEC/IP classification .............................................................. 63
Table 12 Creepage and clearance ................................................ 200
Table 13 CTI................................................................................ 201
Table 14 Limiting temperatures for windings ............................. 205
Table 15 Letter code for cables ................................................... 219
Table 16 Cable data from Draca .................................................. 226
Table 17 Gland data from Raufoss .............................................. 227
Table 18 Cable earthing table ...................................................... 286
10
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Index
A
Ambient temperature ...................99
Apparatus for use in zone 0 .......146
Apparatus for use in zone 1 .......146
Apparatus for use in zone 2 .......146
Area classification .................81, 86
Associated apparatus .................143
ATEX 100a .................................55
B
Bonding .............................273, 279
C
Cable armour bonding ...............170
Cable entry systems...................160
Cable systems for zone 0...........156
Cable systems for zones 1
and 2 .......................................157
Cable wiring systems.................104
CENELEC standards ...................73
Change of bearings....................209
Ci ...............................................142
Clearances .................................199
Co ..............................................142
Combination enclosures ..............50
Conduit systems ........105, 158, 163
Connections ...............................154
Cooling fan................................202
Cooling ribs ...............................202
Creepage distances ....................200
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F
Fire and explosion triangle ......... 25
Flash point .................................. 24
Flexible cables .......................... 157
Frequency converters................ 208
Earthing of conducting
screens ....................................168
Earthing of intrinsically safe
circuits ....................................173
Electrical isolation.....................153
Electrical parameters of
cables ......................................168
Electromagnetic radiation....97, 151
Gas.............................................. 18
Gas groups .................................. 60
Gas groups .................................. 28
H
Hazardous area ................... 83, 140
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Instrumentation earth.................278
Internal bearing..................210, 211
Intrinsically safe apparatus ........143
Intrinsically safe earth ...............277
Io ...............................................141
IP - classification .........................62
IS apparatus .................................45
IS associated apparatus................45
ISE.............................................273
IT system ................................275
IT system ...................................150
L
LEL .......................................27, 83
Li ...............................................142
Li/Ri ..........................................142
Lightning protection ............97, 151
Limiting temperature .................205
Lo ..............................................142
Lo/Ro.........................................142
M
Maintenance ......................122, 124
Marking .......................................53
Marking of cables......................171
MODU CODE.............................90
Motors supplied at varying
frequency and voltage.............162
Multi-core cables containing
more than one intrinsically
safe circuit ..............................171
N
Non-hazardous area ...................140
Non-hazardous areas ...................84
O
Outside bearing .........................210
Overload protection ...................164
Oxygen enriched
atmospheres ..............................18
P
Passive components.............52, 143
PE ..............................................273
PELV.........................................150
Pi ...............................................142
Po...............................................142
Portable apparatus .....................102
Potential equalization ................150
Protection device .......................208
Protection earth..........................276
12
Protection of flameproof
joints ...................................... 160
Protection of stranded ends....... 156
Purging ..................................... 180
Q
Qualifications of personnel....... 122
R
Resistance heating devices ....... 166
S
SE ............................................. 273
SELV ........................................ 150
Simple apparatus ................ 85, 143
Solid obstacles .......................... 159
Source of release......................... 85
Static electricity .................. 97, 151
Stepped shaft ............................ 211
T
Temperature classes.................... 58
Terminals.................................. 197
tE-time ....................................... 205
TN - C - S system .................. 275
TN system................................. 149
TT system ................................. 150
U
UEL ............................................ 27
Ui .............................................. 141
Um ............................................ 141
Unused openings ...................... 155
Uo ............................................. 141
V
Varying frequency and
voltage ................................... 165
Ventilation ...................23, 112, 123
Verification of intrinsically
safe circuits ............................ 175
W
Wiring systems ..................153, 182
Z
Zone 0..............................20, 86, 87
Zone 1..............................20, 86, 88
Zone 2..............................21, 86, 88
Zone map .................................... 22
Zones .......................................... 19
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C H A P T E R
Ex philosophy
Subjects
When you have completed this chapter, you should be familiar with
Chapter 1
14
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Ex philosophy
Hazardous areas
Danger of explosion
Ex-equipment
IEC
CENELEC
Nemko
BASEEFA
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15
Chapter 1
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Flammable environments
Areas where there is a risk of an explosion are classified into
four areas, depending on what causes the danger.
Gas
16
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Ex philosophy
Classification of zones
Sources of release
Continuous/Long periods
2 hours/10 hours
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Chapter 1
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Zone 1
Primary source of
release
18
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Ex philosophy
Zone 2
Secondary source of
release
Unclassified area
Good ventilation
Insufficient ventilation
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Chapter 1
Trainor as 2007
Zone map
Sone: 1
Sone: 2
Lufterr
Stasjonspumpe
2,0 m
Tankpfylling
min.3,0 m 3,0 m
Sone: 2
Sone: 1
3.0 m
3.0 m
Sone: 2
3.0 m
Sone: 2
1.0 m
1.0 m
3.0 m
5.0 m
5.0 m
Sone: 2
Sone: 1
R=0,15m
Sone: 2
5.0 m
R=0,15m
Tetting IP 54
Sone: 1
5.0 m
5.0 m
5.0 m
20
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Ex philosophy
Ventilation
Monitoring unit
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21
Chapter 1
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Self ignition
J/Ws
22
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Ex philosophy
Oxygen
Source of ignition
Flamable gas/vapour
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23
Chapter 1
Remove flammable
substance or gas
Separation
Limit the energy
Trainor as 2007
Explosion curve
%.
3
Volume in percent
gas/vapour in air
24
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Ex philosophy
Too rich
Too lean
Gas alarm
Gas concentration
Deflagration
If you take a gas lighter and fill your hand with gas and then
ignite the gas/air mixture, you will get what we call
a deflagration. The flame speed will be cm/sec., and the
pressure rise will be negligible. This kind of combustion we
will get when we are close to either LEL or UEL.
Explosion
m/sec.
Pressure 7-10 bars
km/sec.
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Chapter 1
Trainor as 2007
Explosion property
Ignition energy
Coal mines
Other Ex-areas
Gas group II: is divided into IIA, IIB and IIC. Gas group II
applies for all other areas within area category a except for
coalmines.
Explosion property
IIA
IIC
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
time
5
1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 50 m s
26
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Trainor as 2007
Ex philosophy
build up the pressure much faster than the IIA gases. The
faster the build up the more dangerous the gas is.
Ignition energy
280 J
200 J
60 J
20 J
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27
Chapter 1
Group
I
IIA
IIB
IIC
Trainor as 2007
Temp.
class
Gas or vapor
Methane
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Ammonia
Amylacetat
i-Amylacetat
Amylalcohol
Butane
Benzene
Butanol
Butylacetat
i-Butylalcohol
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanone
Decane
Acetic acid
Acetic acid anhydride
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl chloride
Ethylene chloride
Ethyl nitrite
Heptane
Hexane
Hydrogen sulfide
Carbon monoxide
Chloro benzene
Chloro ethylene
Methane
Methanol
Methyl acetate
Methyl ethyletone
Methyl chloride
Naphthalene
Nonane
i-Octane
Pentane
Propane
Propanol
Propyl acetate
Toluene
Vinyl acetate
p-Xylene
1,3-butadiene
1,4-dioxane
Ethylene
Ethylene oxide
Ethylether
Tetrahydrofurane
Acetylene
Ethyl nitrate
Hydrogen
Carbon disulfide
T4
T1
T1
T2
T2
T3
T2
T1
T2
T2
T2
T3
T2
T3
T1
T2
T1
T2
T1
T2
T2
T2
-T3
T3
T3
T1
T1
-T1
T1
T1
T1
T1
T1
T3
T2
T3
T1
T2
T2
T1
T2
T1
T2
T2
T2
T4
T3
T2
-T1
T5
Ignition
temperature
oC
595
140
535
630
375
380
300
365
560
340
370
408
259
419
205
485
330
515
425
460
431
510
440
215
233
270
605
638
595
455
475
505
625
528
205
411
285
470
405
430
535
385
528
430
379
425
440
170
224
305
560
102
Lower
explosion
limit
5,0
4,0
2,5
15,0
1,0
1,0
1,3
1,5
1,2
0,8
1,2
1,7
1,2
1,3
0,7
4,0
2,0
3,0
3,5
2,1
1,0
3,6
6,2
3,0
1,1
1,2
4,7
12,5
1,3
4,0
5,0
5,5
3,1
1,88
7,1
0,9
0,7
1,0
1,4
2,1
2,1
1,7
1,2
2,6
1,1
1,1
1,9
2,7
3,0
3,0
1,5
1,5
3,8
4,0
1,0
Upper
explosion
limit
15,0
57,0
13,0
28,0
10,0
10,5
8,5
8,0
5,8
75,0
8,3
9,4
5,1
17,0
10,2
15,5
15,0
11,5
14,8
16,0
50,0
6,7
7,4
46,0
74,0
11,0
22,0
15,0
26,5
16,0
11,5
18,5
5,9
5,6
6,0
7,8
9,5
13,5
8,0
7,0
13,4
7,0
12,5
22,5
34,0
100,0
50,0
12,0
82,0
75,6
50,0
28
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Exd/Exi
Sources of ignition
71212
Ex philosophy
We have now seen how gases and vapors are divided into gas
groups, but also some of the Ex-equipment must be classified
the same way. This is necessary because the equipment has
been tested/approved for use in areas where the actual
gas/gas group may occur. We now know that
gas/air mixtures can be ignited by different kind of sparks,
e.g. static sparks, mechanical sparks, electrical sparks and so
on. Mixtures may also be ignited if they come in contact
with hot surfaces. Another thing to pay attention to, is the
fact that oil spillage on hot surfaces may also cause a fire.
29
Chapter 1
30
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Ex philosophy
Control test
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
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31
Chapter 1
Question 4
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Question 5
Question 6
32
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Question 7
Ex philosophy
Question 8
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
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Chapter 1
34
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C H A P T E R
When you have completed this chapter, you should be familiar with
Chapter 2
36
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Methods of protection
IEC/CENELEC standards
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37
Chapter 2
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Ex p
Pressure monitoring
P2
P1 >
38
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Ex q
Sand filled equipment
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39
Chapter 2
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Ex d
Flameproof equipment
Components
Require maintenance
Flamme spalte
Ex d gland
40
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41
Chapter 2
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Ex e
Sparking components
42
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Ex i
Intrinsic equipment
Associated apparatus
EEX ib IICT6
Transmitter
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Chapter 2
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Categories
Ex ia
Ex ib
Limitation of energy
Zone 2 equipment
44
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45
Chapter 2
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Ex m
Encapsulated equipment
46
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Ex s
Special protection
Ex
S
!! ??
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47
Chapter 2
Trainor as 2007
Combination enclosures
Ex equipment may often be put together by many different methods
of protection. The most common is Exde equipment, which is a
flameproof enclosure with indirect non-sparking
connections/terminals. Such an enclosure is preferable to a big
heavy flameproof enclosure. An other example of a combination
enclosure is an Ex phone.
Figure 12 Ex telephone
Such a phone is built up by an increased safety main enclosure
(Exe), a flameproof dialer (Exd) where the operating rod forms a
flame path, an intrinsic microphone (Exib), and a sand filled
capacitor (Exq) inside the phone. This phone will be marked as
follows: EEx eqdib IIC T6.
48
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Zone 1 equipment
Zone 2 equipment
IIA
IIB
IIC
IIA
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49
Chapter 2
Trainor as 2007
Passive components
Electrical equipment like thermocouples, switches and so on do not
need a certificate as long as they meet the following maximum
values:
Passive components
Voltage
Current
Power
1,5 V
100 mA
25 mW
Such equipment does not generate or store energy, and can be used
in all zones provided that they are supplied via certified
zenerbarriers or certified galvanic barriers. Equipment of this
category is often called passive components. Capacitors and coils
are not passive components, and must be certified for use in
hazardous areas.
Switch
Thermo couple
Resistor
Brigde
50
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Marking
Ex marking
Method of protection
d, e, ia, q, etc.
If more than one method of
protection is used, the marking
shall show the main method of
protection first, followed by the
others.
Equipment group
I ( coalmines )
II ( Other Ex areas )
IIA, IIB, IIC, ( Exi & Exd )
Temperature class
T1 - T6
Name/symbol of
testing station
Certificate
06ATEX1234
Special information
following the certificate
number
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51
Chapter 2
Trainor as 2007
Ambient temperature
NIREX AS
II 2G
N 03ATEX1234X
Serial
Ex232
TYPE
AE 90SH
National standards
52
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ATEX 100a
September 1.1996 the ATEX 100a directive was implemented.
This directive has since July 1. 2003 replaced previous directives
for equipment for use in hazardous areas. The directive also
applies for non - electrical equipment. Both the marking according
to ATEX 100a and CENELEC will be found on electrical
equipment for use in hazardous areas. Exempted from the ATEX
100a is electric equipment in areas where the risk of explosion is
caused by explosives.
New marking
Category 2 G:
Category 3 G:
EEx d II C T4
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53
Chapter 2
Trainor as 2007
Comparison table
CENELEC/National standards
INTRINSIC
SAFETY
OIL
FILLED
SAND
FILLED
PRESSURIZED
e
e
SA
I
I
SI
o
o
q
(s)
RD
p
f/p
SP
s
s
ATEX
PE
d
ADF
F
FE
e
E (SA)
E
I
i
(I)
I
s
o
S
q
SI
p
(SI)
P
FLP
IS
COUNTRY
SYMBOL
EXPL.
PROOF
CENELEC
GERMANY
FRANCE
EEx
Ex
(ADF)
d
d
ADF
AD
Ex
Ex
Ex
INCREASED
SAFETY
SPECIA
L
ITALY
BELGIUM
HOLLAND
GB
U.S.A.
NEC 500
USA
NEC 505
CANADA
Explosio
n
proof
AEx
d
Explosio
n
proof
IS
P
e
i
IS
A
1
AII
II
B
2
AIII
C
3n
AIV
IIA
IIB
IIC
IIa
IIA
IIb
IIB
IIc
IIC
GrI
Gr II
Gr III
GrIV
SCH
AI
CL2
dust
Gr F,E
I
Cl 1
Gr D
A
CL2
Gr F
Gr C
II
B
Gr C
G1 - G5
T1 - T6
(200C
max.)
Gr B,A
T1 - T6
C
T1 - T6
Gr B,A
54
T1 - T6
G1 - G5
(200C
max.)
T1 - T6
T1 - T6
CL1
Gr D
TEMP.
CLASS
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Trainor as 2007
Generations of certificates
There are also several "generations" of certificates, which have
their background in changes ( Amendments ) in the original
standards of 1979
Standards
1.generatio
n
B-generation
Cgeneratio
n
General requirements
EN 50014
A1,A2,A3,A4
A5
EN 50015
A1
Pressurized equipment p
EN 50016
A1
EN 50017
A1
Flameproof
equipment d
EN 50018
A1,A2
A3
Increased safety e
EN 50019
A1,A2
A3
A4,A5
Intrinsic safety i
EN 50020
A1
A2
A3,A4,A5
Valid from:
06.02.-79
16.01.84
30.04.91
31.03.95
81.123
No. Ex 89.B.1234
No. Ex
94.C.1234
No. Ex 97.D.1234
Certificate DEMKO
D-generation
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55
Chapter 2
Trainor as 2007
Temperature classes
T2
300 o C
200 o C
T3
T4
T5
135 o C
100 o C
T6
85 o C
CENELEC
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
VDE
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
T6
56
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Ignition temperature
Electrical equip.
in temp. class
Max. surface
temperature
IEC
CENELEC
NEC505
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
450 oC
300 oC
200 oC
135 oC
100 oC
85 oC
360 oC
240 oC
160 oC
110 oC
80 oC
450 oC
300 oC
200 oC
135 oC
100 oC
85 oC
VDE
0171
(old)
USA
NEC500
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
T1
T2
T2A
T2B
T2C
T2D
T3
T3A
T3B
T3C
T4
T4A
T5
T6
450 oC
300 oC
280 oC
260 oC
230 oC
215 oC
200 oC
180 oC
165 oC
160 oC
135 oC
120 oC
100 oC
85 oC
(360) 450 oC
(240) 300 oC
(160) 200 oC
(110) 135 oC
(80) 85 oC
(450) 450 oC
(300) 300 oC
(280) 300 oC
(260) 300 oC
(230) 300 oC
(215) 300 oC
(200) 200 oC
(180) 200 oC
(165) 200 oC
(160) 200 oC
(135) 135 oC
(120) 135 oC
(100) 100 oC
(85) 85 oC
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Coal mines
Other hazardous areas
Other hazardous areas
Other hazardous areas
The table shows the connection between the gas groups and the
equipment groups.
Ex i and Ex d
Exi-equipment or
Exd-equipment in
group
Groups of flammable
gases and vapors that the
equipment
can be used in
II A
II A
II B
II A and II B
II C
II A, II B and II C
Table 8 shows the connection between the gas groups and the
equipment groups.
Groups
Group I
Group II
58
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Typical gas
Propane
II A
Ethylene
II B
Hydrogen
Carbondisulfide
Acetylene
II C
3a
3b ( All class 3, 3n )
3c
B
A
NB!
Electrical apparatus Exi and Exd group II are divided into the sub
groups IIA, IIB and IIC. This division depends upon what gases or
vapors the equipment is intended to be used in.
Exi
Ignition energy
Explosion property
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IP - classification
Ingress Protection
Corrosion = resistance =
heat
Zone 2 equipment
First figure
Second figure
60
NA
IP 40
IP 54
NA
IP 54
IP 20
IP 54
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Additional marking
Third figure
In some cases a third figure may be used. This figure describes the
equipment's resistance against mechanical damage. ( See
manufacture's specifications )
Missing figure
Rotating motors
Stand still
Mechanical operation
Weather tight
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IP-classification
1
no
0
Degrees of protection
2.
no
0
Degrees of protection
Brief description
Definition
No protection
No special protection
Brief description
No protection
Definition
No special protection
Protected against
solid objects greater
than 50 mm.
Protected against
dripping water.
Protected against
solid objects greater
than 12 mm.
Protected against
Vertically dripping water shall
dripping water tilted have no harmful effect when
the enclosure is tilted any
up to 15o
angle up to 15o.
Protected against
solid objects greater
than 2.5 mm.
Protected against
spraying water.
Protected against
solid objects greater
than 1 mm.
Protected against
splashing water.
Dust protected
Protected against
water jets.
Dust tight
No ingress of dust.
Protected against
heavy seas.
Protection against
the effects of
immersion.
Protection against
submersion.
Table 10 IP-classification
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Approx. IEC/IP
IP 30
IP 31
IP 64
IP 32
IP 66
IP 66
IP 67
IP 55
IP 65
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Control test
Question 1
Question 2
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Question 3
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
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Question 4
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Question 5
Can you as a user install any hot and sparking apparatus inside an
Exd enclosure?
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Question 6
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Question 7
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Question 9
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Question 10
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
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Question 11
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Question 12
Question 13
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
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C H A P T E R
When you have completed this chapter, you should be familiar with
Chapter 3
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Ex-standards
Offshore
IEC 61892-7
Onshore
IEC 79-14
IEC Standards
79-0 General requirements
79-1 Explosion proof d
79-2 Pressurized p
79-5 Powder filling q
79-6 Oil immersion o
79-7 Increased safety e
79-11 Intrinsic safety ia/ib
79-15 Type of protection n
79-18 Encapsulated m
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EN 50014 General requirements
EN 50018 Explosion proof d
EN 50016 Pressurized p
EN 50017 Powder filling q
EN 50015 Oil immersion o
EN 50019 Increased safety e
EN50020 Intrinsic safety ia/ib
EN 50021 Type of protection n
EN 50028 Encapsulated m
71
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
IEC 61892-7
First edition1997-05
Mobile and fixed offshore units -Electrical
installations Part 7:
Hazardous areas
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74
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5)
The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval
and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to
be in conformity with one of its standards.
6)
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of
this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. The
IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61892-7 has been prepared by IEC
technical committee 18: Electrical installations of ships and of
mobile and fixed offshore units.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FIDIS
181803/FDIS
Report on voting
181819/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can
be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table.
Annexes A, B, C and D are for information only.
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INTRODUCTION
IEC 61892 forms a series of International Standards intended to
enable safety in the design, selection, installation, maintenance and
use of electrical equipment for the generation, storage, distribution
and utilisation of electrical energy for all purposes in offshore units
which are being used for the purpose of exploration or exploitation
of petroleum resources.
This part of IEC 61892 also incorporates and co-ordinates, as far as
possible, existing rules and forms a code of interpretation, where
applicable, of the requirements of the International Maritime
Organisation, a guide for future regulations which may be prepared
and a statement of practice for offshore unit owners, constructors
and appropriate organizations.
This standard is based on equipment and practices which are in
current use but it is not intended in any way to hamper
development of new or improved techniques.
The ultimate aim has been to produce a set of International
Standards exclusively for the offshore petroleum industry.
76
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MOBILE AND FIXED OFFSHORE UNITS ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS Part 7: Hazardous area
1
Scope
Normative references
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Definitions
For the purpose of this part of IEC 61892, the following definitions
apply:
3.1
area classification:
enclosed area:
enclosure:
All the walls which surround the live parts of electrical apparatus
including doors, covers, cable entries, rods, spindles and shafts,
ensuring the protection of the electrical apparatus.
3.4
essential system:
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fire resistance:
flameproof enclosure:
flame retardance:
inspection:
intrinsically-safe circuit:
80
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gas-tight door:
Solid, close fitting door designed to resist the passage of gas under
normal atmospheric conditions.
3.15
hazardous area:
maintenance:
natural ventilation:
Movement of air and its replacement with fresh air due to the
effects of wind and/or temperature gradients.
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3.21
non-hazardous areas:
normal operation:
opening:
open area:
petroleum:
pressurisation:
purging:
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3.28
room or building:
semi-enclosed:
simple apparatus:
b)
c)
3.32
source of release:
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3.33
zones:
Hazardous areas are classified into zones based upon the frequency
of the occurrence and duration of an explosive gas atmosphere, as
follows:
3.35
zone 0:
zone 1:
zone 2:
Area classification
4.1
General
All mobile and fixed offshore units shall be assessed with regard to
any potential explosive gas atmosphere in accordance with the
provisions set out below. The results shall be documented in area
classification drawings to allow the proper selection of all electrical
components to be installed. Area classification shall be carried out
at an early stage of planning, before any construction work starts.
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NOTES
1. Analysis and classification of the environment where explosive
gas may occur should be carried out in accordance with the
IMO MODU CODE for the Construction and Equipment of
Mobile Offshore Drilling Units 1989 (IMO 1989 MODU
CODE), subclause 6.2 (for mobile drilling units) or, IEC
60079-10 (for fixed offshore units).
2. Further guidance for area classification given in any National
Codes of Practice or similar publications may be adopted,
provided they are not in conflict with the IMO 1989 MODU
CODE or IEC 60079-10.
3. For documentation of requirements for area classification, see
10. 1.
4. Examples of source of release are given in annex A.
5. A schematic approach to the classification of hazardous areas
is given in annex B.
6. Examples of data sheets for use during area classification study
are given in annex C.
4.2
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b)
c)
enclosed spaces that are on the drill floor which are not
separated by a solid floor from the spaces in item b) above;
d)
e)
86
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
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g)
h)
b)
c)
d)
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d)
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e)
f)
g)
h)
b)
88
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4.6
b)
ventilation is such that the air flow with the door open is
from the zone 2 space into the zone 1 location; c) loss of
ventilation sets off an alarm at a manned station.
b)
ventilation is such that the air flow with the door open is
from the non-hazardous space into the zone 2 location, and
c)
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b)
c)
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Electrical systems
5.1
Distribution systems
5.2.1 General
Distribution systems for electrical installations in offshore units
shall comply with provisions stated in the future IEC 61892-2 1 ).
Additional provisions for distribution systems in hazardous areas
are given below.
5.2.2 Earth fault detection
5.2.2.1 A device, or devices, shall be installed to monitor
continuously the insulation resistance to earth of every
insulated primary and secondary distribution systems and to
give audible and visual alarm at a manned position in the
event of an abnormally low level of insulation resistance.
Systems fed by single transformers supplying one, two or several
consumers or systems of limited extension are not considered as
secondary distribution systems and therefore the said device is not
required.
1) Under consideration. Before the future IEC 61892-2: System design is
published, reference is made to IEC 60092-201.
90
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Electrical protection
b)
c)
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5.5
Emergency switch-off
ventilation systems;
b)
c)
d)
e)
92
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electric shock;
thermal effects;
overcurrent;
5.7
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94
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5.8
Electrical equipment
6.1
General
b)
c)
96
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luminaires:
-
pressurised, type p;
flameproof, type d;
increased safety, type e;
b)
c)
98
pressurised, type p;
flameproof, type d;
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d)
motors:
e)
portable lamps:
-
6.4
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Certified intrinsically safe to category ia, see IEC 6007911, or simple apparatus included in an intrinsically safe
circuit of category ia and meeting the requirements for
intrinsically safe equipment of category a" in respect of
enclosure or circuit safety factor, as applicable, and
apparatus specifically certified for use in zone 0.
b)
zone 1
Certified intrinsically safe to category ia or ib, see IEC
60079-11, or simple apparatus included in an intrinsically
safe circuit of category ia or ib.
Certified flameproof apparatus.
Certified increased safety apparatus; for increased safety
motors, due consideration shall be given to the application
of appropriate protection to prevent excessive temperatures
due to, for example, overcurrent, locked rotor, extended
starting periods.Pressurised enclosure-type apparatus which
is acceptable to the appropriate authority.
Apparatus in an enclosure which is filled with a dielectric
(for example, sand-filled apparatus, type q) and which is
acceptable to the appropriate authority.
Through runs of cables.
c)
zone 2
Any apparatus approved for zone 0 and zone 1 locations;
apparatus having type of protection n (see 6.4); any
apparatus of a type which ensures the absence of sparks and
arcs and of hot spots during its normal operation and
which is acceptable to the appropriate authority.
6.6
Portable apparatus
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Installation
7.1
General
Electrical apparatus shall, as far as possible, be located in nonhazardous areas. Where it is not possible to do this it shall be
located in the least hazardous area.Electrical installations in
hazardous areas shall comply with applicable requirements for
installations in non-hazardous areas.
NOTES
1
Hazardous areas can be limited in extent by construction
measures, for example by walls or dams. Ventilation or application
of protective gas can reduce the probability of the presence of an
explosive gas atmosphere so that areas of greater hazard can be
transformed to areas of lesser hazard or tonon-hazardous areas.
2
7.2
Selection of apparatus
7.3
7.3.1 When the design of a wiring system and its components are
being considered, due account shall be taken of the
hazardous area environment, including mechanical,
chemical and thermal factors.
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7.4
b)
NOTES
1
102
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Conduit systems
b)
c)
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Mixed systems
104
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7.7
106
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7.8
b)
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c)
108
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Ventilation
8.1
General
110
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NOTES
1. In some countries, a ventilation rate of 12 air changes per hour
is required.
2. The different types and levels of ventilation of open areas,
sheltered areas or obstructed areas and enclosed areas effect
the extent of hazardous areas. The design of ventilation is
therefore an important factor in achieving optimal ventilation
conditions in the hazardous area.
3. Area classification is dealt with under clause 4. 4 For
documentation requirements, see 10.2.
8.2
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b)
NOTES
1. An atmosphere is considered non-hazardous when, at all points
in the room, the enclosures and associated ducts, the
concentration of explosive gases or vapours is below 25 % of
the lower explosive limit. The place of measurement should be
judiciously chosen to determine the highest concentration of
gas.
2. Generally, the volume of protective gas required for purging is
estimated as at least five times the internal volume of the room
and its associated ducts.
8.3.3 Fixed gas detectors shall be installed at the ventilation air
intake; in the event of gas detection, visible and audible
alarms shall be actuated in a location where they will
immediately be perceived by the responsible personnel.
NOTE - Gas detectors are not intrinsically safe and must be
certified for the groups of gases they are operating in.
8.3.4 In the event of detection of an explosive gas concentration
at 25 % LEL (lower explosion limit), responsible personnel
shall take necessary actions for safeguarding personnel and
process.
8.3.5 In the event of detection of an explosive gas concentration
at 60 % LEL, an automatic shut-down of process and
apparatus which is not certified safe type, shall be initiated.
112
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8.5
114
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Zone 1
No action
necessary
Immediate action to
restore pressurization
Immediate action to
restore pressurization
Programmed
disconnection of power
supplies if the
pressurization cannot be
restored foran extended
period or if the
consentration of
flammable gas is rising to
a dangerous level
Automatic interrution of
the power supplies as
rapid as practicable
within a prescribed delay
time having regard to
the needs of a
programmed shutdown
Suitable alarm (visible or
audible or both)
Immediate action to
restore pressurization
Zone 2
No action
necessary
No action necessary
Programmed
disconnection of power
supplies if the
pressurization cannot be
restored foran extended
period or if the
consentration of
flammable gas is rising to
a dangerous level
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8.6
116
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Rooms such as paint rooms, welding gas storage rooms, etc. shall
be ventilated to avoid accumulation of flammable gas.
9
9.1
General
Inspection
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Isolation of apparatus
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Maintenance
Qualifications of personnel
Documentation
10.1
Area classification
120
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NOTES
1. Requirements for area classification are set out in clause 4.
2. The drawings should include plans and section view of process
equipment, sources of release, type and extent of zones. In
addition, over pressure/-under pressure rooms, ventilation
openings, air locks, walls, obstacles, etc. should be indicated.
Other conditions which may effect the extent of the zones
should also be indicated.
3. Since the process of area classification is an inter disciplinary
task, a technical description of the unit including environmental
data, plant characteristics, data relevant to potentially
dangerous substances (like chemicallphysical properties) etc.
should be clearly assessed and, when necessary, included or
referred to at the base of the drawings.
10.2
Ventilation
Apparatus
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Installation - General
Maintenance
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Annex A
(informative)
Examples of sources of release - Process plant
The following examples are not intended to be rigidly applied and
may need to be varied to suit
particular process apparatus and situations.
124
A.1
a)
b)
c)
A.2
a)
b)
c)
d)
A.3
a)
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c)
d)
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Annex B
(informative)
Schematic approach to the classification of hazardous areas
(see next page)
126
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Chapter 3
128
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Chapter 3
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INTERNATIONAL
STRANDARD
IEC 79-14
Electrical apparatus for
explosive gas atmospheres Part 14:
Electrical installations in
hazardous areas
(other than mines)
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132
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5)
The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval
and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to
be in conformity with one of its standards.
6)
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of
this
International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. The IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
International Standard IEC 79-14 has been prepared by subcommittee 31J: Classification of hazardous areas and installation
requirements, of IEC technical committee 31: Electrical apparatus
for explosive atmospheres.
This second effition cancels and replaces the first edition published
in 1984, and constitutes a technical revision.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS
31J/47/FDIS
Report on voting
31J/50/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can
be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This standard is to be read in conjunction with IEC 79-0 and with
the standards for the specific types of protection listed in the scope.
Annex A forms an integral part of this standard.
Annex B is for information only.
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INTRODUCTION
When electrical apparatus is to be installed in areas where
dangerous concentrations and quantities of flammable gases,
vapours, mists, ignitable fibres or dusts may be present in the
atmosphere, protective measures are applied to reduce the
likelihood of explosion due to ignition by arcs, sparks or hot
surfaces, produced either in normal operation or under specified
fault conditions.
This part of IEC 79 is supplementary to other relevant IEC
standards, for example IEC 364 as regards electrical installation
requirements, and also refers to IEC 79-0 and its associated
standards for the construction, testing and marking requirements of
suitable electrical apparatus.
By careful design of the electrical installation, it is frequently
possible to locate much of the electrical apparatus in less hazardous
or non-hazardous areas.
For an explosion to occur, an explosive atmosphere and a source of
ignition need to co-exist. Protective measures aim to reduce to an
acceptable level the likelihood that the electrical installation could
become a source of ignition.
It has been found practical to classify hazardous areas into zones
according to the likelihood of an explosive gas atmosphere being
present (see IEC 79-10). Such classification allows appropriate
types of protection to be specified for each zone.
Several types of protection are now available for electrical
apparatus in hazardous areas (see IEC 79-0), and this standard
gives the specific requirements for design, selection and erection of
electrical installations in explosive atmospheres.
This standard is based on the assumption that electrical apparatus is
correctly installed, tested, maintained and used in accordance with
its specified characteristics.
In any industrial installation, irrespective of size, there may be
numerous sources of ignition apart from those associated with
electrical apparatus. Precautions may be necessary to ensure
safety, but guidance on this aspect is outside the scope of this
standard.
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Normative references
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136
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For the purpose of this part of IEC 79, the following definitions
apply.
3.1
hazardous area:
non-hazardous area:
138
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3.6
type of protection:
sealing ring:
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3.13
140
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3.21
simple apparatus:
b)
c)
3.22
associated apparatus:
normal operation:
General
4.1
General requirements
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142
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shall be familiar with the requirements for this, and any other
relevant standards and code of practice concerning the use of
electrical apparatus and systems for use in hazardous areas;
4.2
Documentation
5.1
Specific information
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5.2
d
p
q
o
e
i
m
144
a)
b)
1)
2)
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d)
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Ignition temperature
of gas or vapour
> 450
>300
>200
>135
>100
>85
External influences
146
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6.1
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Potential equalization
148
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Static electricity
Lightning protection
Electromagnetic radiation
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Electrical protection .
150
a)
b)
c)
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8.1
Emergency switch-off
Electrical isolation
Wiring systems
Cable and conduit systems shall comply fully with the relevant
requirements of this clause except that intrinsically safe
installations need not comply with 9.1.2, 9.3.1, 9.3.2 and 9.3.3.
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9.1
General
152
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2
Cold flow can be more fully described as "thermoplastic
materials which flow when subjected to pressure at ambient
temperature".
3
The cable should be adequately clamped when the cable
entry device is not fitted with a clamping device. Such cable entry
devices may be marked with the suffix X.
9.1.4 Unused openings
Unused openings for cable or conduit entries in electrical apparatus
shall be closed with blanking elements suitable for the relevant type
of protection. With the exception of intrinsically safe apparatus,
the means provided for this shall be such that the blanking element
can be removed only with the aid of tools.
9.1.5 Passage and collection of flammables
Where trunking, ducts, pipes or trenches are used to accommodate
cables, precautions shall be taken to prevent the passage of
flammable gases, vapours or liquids from one area to another and
to prevent the collection of flammable gases, vapours or liquids in
trenches.
Such precautions may involve the sealing of trunking, ducts or
pipes. For trenches, adequate venting or sand-filling may be used.
Conduits and, in special cases, cables (e.g. where there is a pressure
differential) shall be sealed, if necessary, so as to prevent the
passage of liquids or gases.
9.1.6 Circuits traversing a hazardous area
Where circuits traverse a hazardous area in passing from one nonhazardous area to another, the wiring system in the hazardous area
shall be appropriate to the zone(s).
9.1.7 Fortuitous contact
Except for trace-heating, fortuitous contact between the metallic
armouring/sheathing of cables and pipework or equipment
containing flammable gases, vapours or liquids shall be avoided.
The insulation provided by a non-metallic outer sheath on a cable
will usually be sufficient to avoid this.
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9.3
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Conduit systems
b)
c)
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10.1
Solid obstacles
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Minimum distance
in mm
10
30
40
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10.2
10.3.1 General
It is essential that cable entry systems comply with all the
requirements referred to in the appropriate apparatus standard, that
the cable entry device is appropriate to the type of cable employed,
maintains the respective method of protection and is in accordance
with clause 9.Where cables enter into flameproof apparatus via
flameproof bushings through the wall of the enclosure which are
part of the apparatus (indirect entry), the parts of the bushings
outside the flameproof enclosure will be protected in accordance
with one of the types of protection listed in IEC 79-0. Normally,
the exposed part of the bushings will be within a terminal
compartment which will either be another flameproof enclosure or
will be protected by protection type e. Where the terminal
compartment is Ex "d", then the cable system shall comply with
10.3.2. Where the terminal compartment is Ex e, then the cable
system shall comply with 11.3.
Where cables enter into flameproof apparatus directly, the cable
system shall comply with 10.3.2.
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10.3.2 Selection
The cable entry system shall comply with one of the following:
a)
b)
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c)
d)
e)
f)
160
a)
b)
the motor shall have been type-tested for this duty as a unit
in association with the convertor specified in the descriptive
documents according to IEC 79-0 and with the protective
device provided.
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NOTES
1
10.5
Conduit systems
b)
11
11.1
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11.2.3 Softstarts
The overload protection of motors which are started by means of
special procedures limiting electrical, mechanical or thermal
stresses by electrical means shall be subject to specific assessment
by the user for the condition, if the requirements of 11.2.1 cannot
be met.
11.2.4 Varying frequency and voltage
Motors supplied at varying frequency and voltage by a convertor
shall have been type tested for this duty as a unit in association
with the convertor specified in the descriptive documents according
to IEC 79-0 and with the protective device provided.
11.3
Wiring systems
11.3.1 General
Cables and conduits shall be installed in accordance with clause 9
and the following additional requirements concerning cable entries
and conductor terminations.
11.3.2 Cable entry devices
The connection of cables to increased safety apparatus shall be
effected by means of cable entry devices appropriate to the type of
cable used. They shall maintain protection type "e" and shall
incorporate a suitable sealing component to achieve IP54 degree of
protection of the terminal enclosure.
NOTES
1 To meet the IP54 requirement it may also be necessary to seal
between the cable entry device and the enclosure (for example
by means of a sealing washer or thread sealant).
2 Threaded cable entry devices into threaded cable entry plates or
enclosures of 6 mm or greater thickness need no additional
sealing between the cable entry device and the entry plate or
enclosure providing the axis of the cable entry device is
perpendicular to the external surface of the cable entry plate or
enclosure.
Where mineral insulated metal sheathed cables are used, the
requirement to achieve creepage distances shall be maintained by
using a suitable sealing device.
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b)
11.4
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a)
12.1
Introduction
12.2.1 Apparatus
In installations with intrinsically safe circuits for zones 1 or 2, the
intrinsically safe apparatus and the intrinsically safe parts of
associated apparatus shall comply with IEC 79-11, at least to
category "ib".
Simple apparatus need not be marked, but shall comply with the
requirements of IEC 79-11 and IEC 79-0 in so far as intrinsic safety
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b)
c)
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a)
intrinsically safe circuit cables are separated from all nonintrinsically safe circuit cables, or
b)
c)
labelling;
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Type A
Type B
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Others
For cables complying with the requirements of 12.2.2.7 but not the
additional requirements of type A or type B, it is necessary to take
into consideration up to two short circuits between conductors and,
simultaneously, up to four open circuits of conductors. In the case
of identical circuits, failures shall not be taken into consideration
provided that each circuit passing through the cable has a safety
factor of four times that required for category "ia" or "ib". For
cables not complying with the requirements of 12.2.2.7, there is no
limit to the number of short circuits between conductors and
simultaneous open circuits of conductors which shall be taken into
consideration.
12.2.3 Termination of intrinsically safe circuits
In electrical installations with intrinsically safe circuits, for
example in measuring and control cabinets, the terminals shall be
reliably separated from the non-intrinsically safe circuits (for
example by a separating panel or a gap of at least 50 mm). The
terminals of the intrinsically safe circuits shall be marked as such.
All terminals and plugs and sockets shall satisfy the Fequirements
of 6.3.1 and 6.3.2 respectively of IEC 79-11.Where terminals are
arranged to provide separation of circuits by spacing alone, care
shall be taken in the layout of terminals and the wiring method used
to prevent contact between the circuits should a wire become
disconnected.
12.2.4 Earthing of intrinsically safe circuits
Intrinsically safe circuits may be either
a)
b)
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2)
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connection is not capable of carrying such current, then the crosssectional area shall be increased accordingly or additional
conductors used.
12.2.5 Verification of intrinsically safe circuits
Unless a system certificate is available defining the parameters for
the complete intrinsically safe circuit, then the whole of 12.2.5 (and
its subclauses) shall be complied with.
When installing intrinsically safe circuits, including cables, the
maximum permissible inductance, capacitance or L/R ratio and
surface temperature shall not be exceeded. The permissible values
shall be taken from the associated apparatus documentation or the
marking plate.
12.2.5.1 Intrinsically safe circuits with only one associated
apparatus
The sum of the maximum effective internal capacitance Ci of each
item of intrinsically safe apparatus and the cable capacitance
(cables generally being considered as concentrated capacitance
equal to the maximum capacitance between two adjacent cores)
shall not exceed the maximum value Co marked on the associated
apparatus.
The sum of the maximum effective internal inductance Li of each
item of intrinsically safe apparatus and the cable inductance (cables
generally being considered as concentrated inductance equal to the
maximum inductance between the two cores in the cable having the
maximum separation) shall not exceed the maximum value
Lomarked on the associated apparatus.
Where the intrinsically safe apparatus contains no effective
inductance and the associated apparatus is marked with an in d
uctance/res i stance L/R value, if the L/R value of the cable,
measured between the two cores in the cable having maximum
separation, is less than this figure, it is not necessary to satisfy the
Lo requirement.The values of permissible input voltage Uj, input
current Ii and input power Pi of each intrinsically safe apparatus
shall be greater than or equal to the values Uo, Io and Po
respectively of the associated apparatus.
For simple apparatus the maximum temperature can be determined
from the values of Po of the associated apparatus to obtain the
temperature class. The temperature class can be determined by:
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a)
T= Po Rth + Tamb
where
T
is the surface temperature;
Po
Rth
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Ducting
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The materials used for the ducts and connecting parts shall not be
adversely affected by the specified protective gas nor by the
flammable gas or vapours in which they are to be used.
The points at which the protective gas enters the supply duct(s)
shall be situated in a non-hazardous area except for cylinder
supplied protective gas.
Ducting should be located in a non-hazardous area as far as is
reasonably practicable. If ducting passes through a hazardous area
and the protective gas is at a pressure below atmospheric then the
ducting shall be free from leaks.
Ducts for exhausting the protective gas should preferably have their
outlets in a non-hazardous area. Consideration shall otherwise be
given to the fitting of spark and particle barriers (i.e. devices to
guard against the ejection of ignition-capable sparks or particles) as
shown in table 5.
NOTE - During the purge period a small hazardous area may exist
at the duct outlet.
Table 5 - Use of spark and particle barriers
Zone og exhaust
Apparatus
duct outlet
A
B
Zone 2
Required
Not required
Zone 1
Required*
Required*
A = apparatus which may produce ignition-capable sparks or particles in normal
operation
B = apparatus which does not produce ignition-capable sparks or particles in
normal operation
*If the temperature of the enclosed apparatus constitutes a hazard upon failure of
pressurization, a suitable device shall be fitted to prevent the rapid entry of the
surrounding atmosphere into the pressurized enclosure.
Pressurizing apparatus, such as an inlet fan or compressor, that is
used to supply protective gas should preferably be installed in a
non-hazardous area. Where the drive motor and/or its control
equipment are located within the supply ducting, or where the
installation in a hazardous area cannot be avoided, the pressurizing
apparatus shall be suitably protected.
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13.2
If the alarm operates, immediate action should be taken, for example to restore the integrity of the
system.
2. If automatic switch-off would introduce a more dangerous condition, other precautionary measures
should be taken, for example duplication of protective gas supply.
Purging
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Wiring systems
14.3.1 General
Cables and conduits shall be installed in accordance with clause 9,
with the following additional requirements concerning cable entries
and conductor terminations.
14.3.2 Cable entry devices
The connection of cables shall be carried out by means of cable
entry devices appropriate to the type of cable used.
To meet the degree of protection requirement of the terminal
enclosure it may be necessary to use cable entry devices
incorporating suitable sealing components to seal between the cable
entry device and the cable. Sealing may be similarly required
between the cable entry device and the enclosure (for example by
means of a sealing washer or thread sealant).
NOTE - Threaded cable entry devices into threaded cable entry
plates or enclosures of 6 mm or greater thickness need no
additional sealing between the cable entry device and the entry
plate or enclosure providing the axis of the cable entry device is
perpendicular to the external surface of the cable entry plate or
enclosure.
The sealing of restricted-breathing enclosures shall be such as to
maintain the restricted-breathing properties of the enclosure.
Unused cable entries shall be closed with plugs which maintain the
degree of protection of the terminal enclosure.
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Annex A
(normative)
Verification of intrinsically safe circuits with more than one
associated
apparatus with linear current/voltage characteristics
The capacitance and inductance parameters for the system of
intrinsically safe circuits shall be determined from the ignition
curves of IEC 79-11 using the system values of Uo and Io under
fault conditions and at each point in the system. The faults in
accordance with IEC 79-11 shall be applied to the electrical system
as an entity and not to each item of electrical apparatus.
The above requirements can be met by using the following
calculation procedure.
The category shall be deemed to be ib even if all the associated
apparatus is category ia.
NOTE - This category reduction is to take account of the fact that
the assessment is by calculation only without any test.
182
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
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f)
g)
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Annex B
(informative)
Methods of determining the maximum system voltages and
currents in intrinsically
safe circuits with more than one associated apparatus with
linear currentlvoltage
characteristics (as required by annex A)
In the case of two or more associated apparatus in an intrinsically
safe circuit (see 12.2.5.2), the following practical method can be
used to determine the new maximum system voltages and currents
under fault conditions in the intrinsically safe circuit using the
values Uo, Io of each item of associated apparatus taken from the
documentation or from the marking plate.
Dependent on the interconnection of the intrinsically safe terminals
of the associated apparatus the values of Uo and Io should be
determined, in the case of normal operation and also under fault
conditions, taking into account:
-
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Control test
Question 1
Question 2
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Question 3
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Question 4
...........................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Question 5
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Question 6
What is tE-time?
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
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C H A P T E R
Ex Motors
Subjects
When you have completed this chapter, you should be familiar with
IA/IN - ratio
tE - time
frequency regulation
replacement of bearings
Chapter 4
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Ex Motors
Constructions
No spark or heat
Encapsulation
Zone 2
No heat or sparks
IP-class
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Exe motor
Figure 15 Ex e motor
1: Air gap between terminals.
2: creepage distance between terminals.
3: Marking.
4: Air gap between stator and rotor.
5: Temp. rise in stator/rotor when rotor is blocked.
6: Distance between fan and fan cover.
7: Non static fan (if plastic).
8: Earth.
Exd motor
Withstand internal expl.
Temperature
classification
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Ex Motors
Figure 16 Ex de motor
Flamepaths:
1: Between shaft and bearing cover.
2: Between end cover and bearing cover.
3: Between end cover and stator housing.
4: Between Exe terminal box and stator housing.
5: Between stator housing and Exd cable entry.
Exp motor
Over pressure
Purging
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level. The volume of the purged air or inert gas shall be at least
five times the enclosures free internal volume. During operation, a
minimum overpressure of at least 0.5 mbar must be maintained. If
the over pressure drops below the minimum requirement, the
motor shall automatically be disconnected from the supply. The
surface temperature of the motor shall not be higher than the given
temperature classification. In cases where the ventilation is a part
of the cooling system, it is recommended to monitor the
temperature of the windings. The motor shall be equipped with
both internal and external earth connections.
Figure 17 Ex p motor
1: Air/inert gas inlet.
2: Fan.
3: Ducts.
4: Motor enclosure.
5: Marking.
6: Over pressure monitor.
7: Solenoid valve.
ExnA motor
IP-class
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Ex Motors
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
4.2
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4.3
Ex Motors
4.4
Clearances
Clearances between bare conductive parts at different potentials
shall be as given in table 1 with a minimum value for external
connections of 3 mm.
Spacings at wiring terminals shall be evaluated with the conductor
size that produces the minimum clearance.
NOTE For requirements for lamps with screw caps see 5.3.3.1.4.
Clearances shall be determined as a function of the working
voltage. Where the apparatus is intended for more than one rated
voltage or for a range of rated voltage, the value of working voltage
to be used shall be based on the highest value of rated voltage. In
determining the clearances, examples 1 to 11 (inclusive) in figure 2
illustrate the features to be taken into account and the appropriate
clearances.
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198
4.5
Creepage distances
4.5.1
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Ex Motors
Table 13 CTI
4.5.2
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Cooling of Ex motors
In order for electrical motors to comply with the respective
temperature class, they must be cooled in one way or the other.
Normally cooling is obtained by a combination of fan and ribs.
Cooling ribs
Cooling ribs shall be designed such that they are able to cool down
the motor to a safe level with respect to both safety and operational
conditions. A limited damage to the ribs will normally not effect
the cooling of motors to the extent that the motor must be replaced.
This is of cause just an assessment, and if in doubt, contact the
manufacturer for help. A rule of thumb is that if less than 10% of
the cooling ribs are damaged, the cooling will be ok. It is also
possible to reclassify the temperature class from for instance T4 to
T3 if the damage is severe. Be aware that such a reclassification
must be verified by an approved testing station
Damage to cooling ribs on an Ex d motor may have caused cracks
through the enclosure to such an extent that en internal explosion
will not be contained. In these cases, the motor must be examined
with respect to its ability to withstand the required pressure test in
accordance with IEC 79-1.
Cooling fan
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Ex Motors
17.3
17.4
17.4.1
17.4.2
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VPeripheral =
d / min
= m/s
60
This means that if the peripheral speed of the fan, or the surface
resistance of the plastic material according to the relevant test fan
can not be documented, only an original fan must be used for
replacement. The same applies for fans made of light metal
(aluminium). IEC 79-0 requires a maximum content of 6%
magnesium in light alloys, and if an unoriginal fan is used, this
requirement must be verified.
Temperatures in a Exe motor
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Ex Motors
Resistance of thermometer
Resistance
Thermometer
R2 - R1
( 234.5 + t1)
R1
Where:t1
t2
R1
R2
=
=
=
=
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Temperature
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Ex Motors
IA/IN-ratio
tE
S
40
20
10
8 9 10
IA/IN
=
=
16 sec.
5
Minutes6
4
2
1
40
Response
time
20
10
6
Seconds4
2
1
1,5
5 6
8 10
15
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From the curve, we find that the response time is 10 sec. The
motors limiting temperature is reached after 16 sec. This
combination of protecting device and motor is safe. If the motor is
certified with temperature probes embedded in the windings it is
not required that the time tE is marked on the motor. In this case,
the protective device shall be certified together with the motor.
Testing of protection device
Ex d motors
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Ex Motors
Note:
1. in some cases the highest temperature may occur on the motors
shaft
2. To avoid risk of short-circuit between adjacent conductors in
terminals, each conductor shall be insulated all the way to the
terminals metal.
Ex e motors
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Flamepath
between
shaft and
end shield
Flamepath between
shaft and bearing cap
208
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Ex Motors
Flamepath between
shaft and bearing cap
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Ex Motors
Control test
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
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Question 6
Question 7
Question 8
What are the requirements for cooloing fans made of plastic and
aluminium?
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Question 9
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C H A P T E R
When you have completed this chapter, you should be familiar with
Chapter 5
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Cables
Most oil companies today have decided to use the same cable
specifications (OLF 1689). This means that only halogen free
cables are to be installed. With halogen free it is meant that the
cable material does not contain any fluorine, iodine, bromine, PVC,
neoprene or hypalon. When a cable that contains any of these
materials burns, toxic fumes and thick smoke is the result. The
thick smoke makes search and fire fighting difficult. In case of a
larger fire, water is always used, and when this water comes in
contact with the burning halogen containing cable, diluted
hydrochloric acid is the result, which again will lead to severe
corrosion damage, even more severe than the actual damage from
the fire. There are two main types of halogen free cables:
- Flame Retardant
- Fire Resistant
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Cable marking
Marking system
The type marking of offshore cables is given in a fourletter code, starting in the center of the cable and working
its way to the outside:
1. letter
2. letter
3. letter
4. letter
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1. Letter
Insulation
A
B Fire resistant tape +
insulation
C PCP
2. Letter
Bedding
A Aluminium (optional
corrosion prot.)
B Corrugated aluminium
(OCP)
C PCP
D Impregnated paper
Drip free
E PE or PP
F PE/PP) with filling
E PE or PP
F Bedding or taping
G
H
I
K
G
H
I
K
Rubber (untreated)
CSP-CPE
TPE
Paper
Rubber
CSP - CPE
TPE
Lead
L Aluminium lamin. +
plastic sheath *)
M Aluminium +
plastic + steel tape*)
N Polyurethane Polyester
O Impregnated paper
P PVC
P PVC
Q PVC+additional layer
R EP rubber
S Silicon rubber
R EP rubber
S Bedding or taping +
concentric conductor
T PE + Aluminium wire
+ Steel tape *)
U EVA - EMA
V Screen (poss. with PVC)
W
X No Bedding
Y Screen (poss. with
PE or PP)
Z Fluorplastic
T XLPE
U
V
W
X
Y
EVA or EMA
PVC + screen
PE or PP + additional
PE or PP + screen
Z Fluorplastic PTFE-FEP
(PFTE, FEP)
3. Letter
4. Letter
Armouring/screen
A Armouring (General)
Outer sheet
A Hessian + Bitumen
C Galvanised Steel
Wire Braid
D Oil Filled Cable
Reinforcement
(Longitude./Transverse)
E Oil Filled Cable
F Flat steel wire
G
H Steel wire + steel tape
I Steel tapes 4 off
K Steel wire plastic
or rubber coated
L Aluminium-laminate
M Steel tape with special
magnetic protection
N Steel laminate
O Copper wire braid
(Tinned or Untinned)
P Phosphor bronze
Wire braid
Q Steel wire with counter
D Double Hessan
+ Bitumen
E PE or PP
F Semi conducting
PE
G Rubber
H CSP - CPE
I TPE
K
L
M
N Polyurethane
Polyester
O
P PVC
Q Semiconducting
PVC
R EPR
S Silicon rubber
R Round wire
S Concentric conductor
(Screen)
T Aluminium wire
+ steel tape
U
V Double wire armour
W Catnery wire
X No armour
Y
U EVA - EMA
V
W
X
Y
Z Fluorplastic
T XLPE
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In Zone 0 and Zone 1 the cables must be equipped with at least one
of the following protections:
A non-metallic outer sheath in combination with a metallic screen
or armour for indication of earth fault and mechanical protection.
Armouring
In the standards
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Conductors for intrinsically safe circuits and conductors for nonintrinsically safe circuits shall not be run together in the same
cables, flexible cables, conduits, cable bunches etc., within and
outside hazardous areas. See also 808.7.6 concerning cables and
flexible cables etc.
50 mm separation
Non Ex-i
50mm
Separating plate
50 mm
Separating plate
50 mm
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Increased safety
Separation
Free of corrosion
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Cable entries
Ex glands
Direct entry
Exd enclosure
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Ex d gland
Flame path
Exploding
gas
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Compression gland
Inner diameter
Production tolerance
Outer diameter
Seal
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The outer diameter of the cable must comply with the outer
seal of the gland. This seal will prevent moisture to penetrate into
the enclosure and cause corrosion. It is therefore not necessary to
use heat shrink over the gland.
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Practical example
Bedding
mm
Outer sheath
mm
13
15
18
24
28
33
17
19
22
29
34
39
Appr. weight
kg/km
400
520
710
1170
1600
2100
2 pair 1,0
4 pair 1,0
7 pair 1,0
12 pair 1,0
19 pair 1,0
24 pair 1,0
13
16
19
25
29
35
17
20
24
30
35
41
440
580
810
1280
1660
2360
2 pair 1,5
4 pair 1,5
7 pair 1,5
12 pair 1,5
19 pair 1,5
24 pair 1,5
14
17
20
27
32
37
18
21
25
32
38
44
490
660
970
1540
2180
2780
2 triple 0,75
4 triple 0,75
7 triple 0,75
12 triple 0,75
19 triple 0,75
24 triple 0,75
15
17
21
28
33
38
19
21
26
33
39
45
500
650
980
1490
2140
2750
2 triple 1,0
4 triple 1,0
7 triple 1,0
12 triple 1,0
19 triple 1,0
24 triple 1,0
16
19
22
29
35
41
20
23
27
35
41
48
540
730
1080
1710
2450
3150
2 triple 1,5
4 triple 1,5
7 triple 1,5
12 triple 1,5
19 triple 1,5
24 triple 1,5
16
19
23
31
37
43
21
24
28
37
43
50
620
840
1250
2060
2910
3760
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Gland
Size
Entry thread
Metric thread
Inner sheath
max.
min.
Outer sheath
max.
min.
1
1C
2
3
3B
3D
4
4B
4C
5
5B
6
6B
6C
7
7B
7C
8
M20 x 1,5
M20 x 1,5
M20 x 1,5
M25 x 1,5
M25 x 1,5
M25 x 1,5
M32 x 1,5
M32 x 1,5
M32 x 1,5
M40 x 1,5
M40 x 1,5
M50 x 1,5
M50 x 1,5
M50 x 1,5
M63 x 1,5
M63 x 1,5
M63 x 1,5
M75 x 1,5
12,0
6,5
14,5
20,0
20,0
20,0
26,5
26,5
23,0
33,0
33,0
44,5
44,5
36,0
56,2
56,2
52,0
68,3
16,0
12,0
21,2
27,5
24,5
22,5
33,5
29,0
29,0
43,0
37,0
52,5
47,0
47,0
65,3
58,0
58,0
78,0
8,0
1,5
10,5
12,7
12,7
12,7
20,0
20,0
16,5
26,0
26,0
32,0
32,0
29,0
44,0
44,0
40,0
56,0
10,5
6,8
14,5
22,0
18,0
16,0
27,0
21,5
21,5
33,5
29,0
41,0
36,0
36,0
54,0
47,0
47,0
65,0
Width
across
flats mm
24
24
30
36
36
36
46
46
46
55
55
65
65
65
80
80
80
95
Width
across
corn. mm
27,7
27,7
34,6
41,6
41,6
41,6
53,1
53,1
53,1
63,5
63,5
75,1
75,1
75,1
92,4
92,4
92,4
109,8
F
Length of
gland
open
tight
52,9
52,9
52,5
58,9
58,9
58,9
60,6
60,6
60,6
70,6
70,6
76,0
76,0
76,0
80,7
80,7
80,7
84,6
41,0
41,0
41,5
44,5
44,5
44,5
47,5
47,5
47,5
53,0
53,0
57,0
57,0
57,0
62,5
62,5
62,5
64,0
G
Length
of
tread
mm
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
H
Wire braid
dia.
mm
0,20-0,4
0,20-0,4
0,20-0,4
0,20-0,5
0,20-0,5
0,20-0,5
0,20-0,5
0,20-0,5
0,20-0,5
0,30-0,6
0,30-0,6
0,35-0,6
0,35-0,6
0,35-0,6
0,40-0,6
0,40-0,6
0,40-0,6
0,40-0,6
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The additional marking "x", "z" or "t" after the size marking tells
what type of armouring the gland is constructed for. This marking
we only find on Ex d glands where the armouring shall be paced
between the cone and the cone ring.
X - Braid armouring
Z - Steel armouring
T - Rough braid armouring steel band
Multi conductor
226
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Compound gland
Bushing
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227
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Gland assembly
Assembling instruction
Packing of glands
228
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71212
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
229
Chapter 5
Trainor as 2007
Special conditions
1.
2.
230
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71212
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
231
Chapter 5
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12.
13.
14.
Special conditions
1.
2.
NB!
232
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Indirect entry
Exd
Exd enclosure
Exd bushing
Exe enclosure
Exe gland
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233
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Adapters
Adapters
Impact test
Adapter
Reducer
Min. IP 54
Exe gland
Careful assembling
234
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235
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236
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Control test
Question 1
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Question 2
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Question 3
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
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237
Chapter 5
Question 4
Trainor as 2007
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Question 5
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Question 6
Can you connect a cable for a Exe circuit in an Exe junction box in
zone 0?
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
238
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Question 7
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Choose glands of the different types mentioned in the table for the
different types of cables mentioned in the same table.
Question 8
TYPE
Size
BFOU 250 V
RFOU 250 V
BFOB 0.6/1kv
2 x 1.5/4
RFOU 250 V
RFOU 0.6/1kv
3 x 16/16
HAWKE
RAUFOSS
GLANDS
GLANDS
Eexd
EEx d
EEx d
501/453 ICG
653
D705
BCG
955
Inner
Outer EEx d
diameter diameter
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239
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240
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Appendix
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241
Chapter 5
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Diameter
Under braid
[mm]
Diameter
Overall
[mm]
Weight of
cable approx.
[kg/km]
Copper
content
approx.
[kg/km]
1 pair 0,75
0,20
9,00,8
12,01,0
210
57
2 pair 0,75
0,25
12,51,0
16,01,0
380
121
4 pair 0,75
0,25
15,01,0
18,51,0
530
174
8 pair 0,75
0,25
20,01,5
24,51,5
890
285
16 pair 0,75
0,30
26,51,5
31,52,0
1490
529
822700 G
822701 B
822707 B
1 pair 1,5
0,20
10,01,0
13,01,0
250
78
2 pair 1,5
0,25
14,51,0
18,51,0
510
176
822360 G
822361 B
822366 G
822367 B
822378 G
822379 B
822390 G
822391 B
1 triple 0,75
0,20
9,50,8
12,51,0
240
71
2 triple 0,75
0,25
14,01,0
17,51,0
460
145
4 triple 0,75
0,25
16,51,0
20,01,5
620
204
8 triple 0,75
0,25
21,51,5
26,01,5
1080
358
822760 G
822761 B
1 triple 1,5
0,20
10,51,0
13,51,0
300
100
ABBNK
no.
Type
[mm2]
822300 G
822301 B
822306 G
822307 B
822318 G
822319 B
822330 G
822331 B
822342 G
822343 B
242
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ELECTRICAL DATA
TYPE
Capacit. approx.
Induct. approx.
Resist. 20 deg C
[mm2]
[nF/km]
[mH/km]
[Max.ohm/km]
90
90
110
110
0,75
0,75
0,68
0,68
24,8
24,8
12,2
12,2
All pairs/triples are individually screened and therefor electrical data are identical for
them all.
INSTALLATION DATA
TYPE
Overall Diameter
[mm]
[mm2]
Maximum pulling
tension
[N]
1 pair 0,75
2 pair 0,75
4 pair 0,75
8 pair 0,75
16 pair 0,75
12,01,0
16,01,0
18,51,0
24,51,5
31,52,0
96
128
148
196
252
72
96
111
147
189
75
150
300
600
1200
1 pair 1,5
2 pair 1,5
13,01,0
18,51,0
104
148
78
111
150
300
1 triple 0,75
2 triple 0,75
4 triple 0,75
8 triple 0,75
12,51,0
17,51,0
20,01,5
26,01,5
100
140
160
208
75
105
120
156
110
225
450
900
1 triple 1,5
13,51,0
108
81
225
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243
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10
54
2 3
244
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245
Chapter 5
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[mm2]
Thickness
of
armour
wires
[mm]
Diameter
Under braid
[mm]
Diameter
Overall
[mm]
Weight of
cable approx.
[kg/km]
Copper
content
approx.
[kg/km]
1 PAIR 0,75
0,2
8,00,8
11,01,0
200
57
2 PAIR 0,75
0,2
11,51,0
15,01,0
330
93
4 PAIR 0,75
0,25
13,51,0
17,51,0
470
162
8 PAIR 0,75
0,25
18,51,0
22,51,5
790
269
16 PAIR 0,75
0,3
24,01,5
28,51,5
1330
503
821400 G
1 PAIR 1,5
0,2
9,00,8
12,01,0
240
78
821060 G
821061 B
821066 G
821067 B
821078 G
821079 B
821090 G
821091 B
1 TRIPPEL 0,75
0,2
8,50,8
11,51,0
210
64
2 TRIPPEL 0,75
0,25
13,01,0
16,51,0
420
135
4 TRIPPEL 0,75
0,25
15,01,0
19,01,0
560
202
8 TRIPPEL 0,75
0,25
20,01,5
24,51,5
950
341
821460 G
1 TRIPPEL 1,5
0,25
9,50,8
13,01,0
300
118
821000 G
821001 B
821006 G
821007 B
821018 G
821019 B
821030 G
821031 B
821042 G
821043 B
Type
246
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Trainor as 2007
ELECTRICAL DATA
TYPE
Capacit. approx.
Induct. approx.
Resist. 20 deg C
[mm2]
[nF/km]
[mH/km]
[Max.ohm/km]
90
90
110
110
0,75
0,75
0,68
0,68
24,8
24,8
12,2
12,2
All pairs/triples are individually screened and therefor electrical data are identical for
them all.
INSTALLATION DATA
TYPE
Overall Diameter
[mm]
[mm2]
Maximum pulling
tension
[N]
1 pair 0,75
2 pair 0,75
4 pair 0,75
8 pair 0,75
16 pair 0,75
11,01,0
15,01,0
17,51,0
22,51,5
28,51,5
88
120
140
180
228
66
90
105
135
171
75
150
300
600
1200
1 pair 1,5
12,01,0
96
72
150
1 triple 0,75
2 triple 0,75
4 triple 0,75
8 triple 0,75
11,51,0
16,51,0
19,01,0
24,51,5
92
132
152
200
69
99
114
150
110
225
450
900
1 triple 1,5
13,01,0
104
78
225
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247
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11 21 3
248
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Diameter
Under braid
[mm]
Diameter
Overall
[mm]
Weight of
cable approx.
[kg/km]
Copper
content
approx.
[kg/km]
2 PAIR 0,75
0,2
11,51,0
15,01,0
310
86
4 PAIR 0,75
0,25
13,51,0
17,51,0
430
143
8 PAIR 0,75
0,25
18,51,0
22,51,5
700
222
16 PAIR 0,75
0,3
22,51,5
27,01,5
1080
406
24 PAIR 0,75
0,3
27,51,5
32,52,0
1510
568
822006 G
2 PAIR 1,5
0,25
13,51,0
17,01,0
430
152
822018 G
4 PAIR 1,5
0,25
15,51,0
19,51,0
560
221
822030 G
8 PAIR 1,5
0,25
21,01,5
25,01,5
930
368
822042 G
16 PAIR 1,5
0,3
26,01,5
31,02,0
1510
681
822048 G
24 PAIR 1,5
0,35
32,02,0
38,02,0
2230
1022
821666 G
821667 B
821678 G
821679 B
821690 G
821691 B
2 TRIPPEL 0,75
0,25
13,01,0
16,51,0
410
136
4 TRIPPEL 0,75
0,25
15,01,0
19,01,0
530
190
8 TRIPPEL 0,75
0,25
20,01,5
24,01,5
860
295
ABBNK
no.
Type
[mm2]
821606 G
821607 B
821618 G
821619 B
821630 G
821631 B
821642 G
821643 B
821648 G
821649 B
250
71212
Trainor as 2007
ELECTRICAL DATA
TYPE
Capacit. approx.
Induct. approx.
Resist. 20 deg C
[mm2]
[nF/km]
[mH/km]
[Max.ohm/km]
80
90
0,75
0,68
24,8
12,2
INSTALLATION DATA
TYPE
Overall Diameter
[mm]
[mm2]
Maximum pulling
tension
[N]
2 pair 0,75
4 pair 0,75
8 pair 0,75
16 pair 0,75
24 pair 0,75
15,01,0
17,51,0
22,51,5
27,01,5
32,52,0
120
140
180
216
260
90
105
135
162
195
150
300
600
1200
1800
2 pair 1,5
4 pair 1,5
8 pair 1,5
16 pair 1,5
24 pair 1,5
17,01,0
19,51,0
25,01,5
31,02,0
38,02,0
136
156
200
248
304
102
117
150
186
228
300
600
1200
2400
3600
2 triple 0,75
4 triple 0,75
8 triple 0,75
16,51,0
19,01,0
24,01,5
132
152
192
99
114
144
225
450
900
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251
Chapter 5
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5 4
1 2 3
252
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Sheath-marking: (example)
meter year ABBNK RFOU(c) 250V S2 / S6 16 PAIR 0,75
mm IEC 60332-3/A CE
meter is for reference lenght only.
Pairs are twisted with differing lay lengths to reduce mutual
interferrence.
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800201
Type
[mm2]
Thickness of
armour wires
[mm]
Diameter
Under braid
[mm]
Diameter
Overall
[mm]
Weight of
cable approx.
[kg/km]
Copper
content
approx.
[kg/km]
1 X 25/4
0,2
12,01,0
15,01,0
480
283
800203
1 X 50/6
0,3
15,51,0
19,01,0
830
530
800207
1 X 150/10
0,3
23,51,5
27,51,5
2030
1491
800208
1 X 185/10
0,3
25,51,5
30,02,0
2470
1844
800210
1 X 300/16
0,3
31,02,0
36,52,0
3820
2965
800215
2 X 1,5/4
0,2
10,51,0
13,51,0
280
80
800229
2 X 2,5/4
0,2
11,51,0
14,51,0
320
97
800245
2 X 4/6
0,3
12,51,0
16,01,0
420
156
800251
2 X 6/6
0,3
13,51,0
17,51,0
510
208
800263
2 X 16/16
0,5
17,51,0
22,51,5
960
494
800218
3 X 1,5/4
0,2
11,01,0
14,51,0
310
95
800232
3 X 2,5/6
0,3
12,01,0
15,51,0
400
152
800246
3 X 4/6
0,3
13,51,0
17,01,0
500
209
800252
3 X 6/6
0,3
14,51,0
18,51,0
590
262
800258
3 X 10/10
0,3
16,51,0
20,51,5
780
395
800264
3 X 16/16
0,3
19,01,0
23,51,5
1050
563
800270
3 X 25/16
0,3
22,51,5
27,01,5
1510
860
800276
3 X 35/16
0,3
25,51,5
30,02,0
1930
1132
800282
3 X 50/25
0,4
29,51,5
34,52,0
2640
1604
800288
3 X 70/35
0,5
34,52,0
40,52,5
3630
2281
800295
3 X 95/50
0,5
38,02,0
44,52,5
4710
3087
800302
3 X 150/70
0,4 *
46,52,5
54,53,0
7220
4881
800219
4 X 1,5/6
0,3
12,01,0
16,01,0
390
141
800235
4 X 2,5/6
0,3
13,01,0
17,01,0
470
191
800253
4 X 6/6
0,3
16,01,0
20,01,5
700
333
800265
4 X 16/16
0,4
21,01,5
26,01,5
1370
795
800283
4 X 50/25
0,4
33,02,0
38,52,0
3280
2035
800296
4 X 95/50
0,5
42,52,5
49,02,5
5830
3924
800221
7 X 1,5/6
0,3
14,51,0
18,01,0
520
201
800222
12 X 1,5/10
0,3
19,01,0
23,01,5
780
307
254
71212
Trainor as 2007
ELECTRICAL DATA
No. of cores x
cross section
Conductor resistance
[/km]
at 20 C
at 85 C
Reactance
[/km]
at 60 Hz
Impedance
[/km] at 85 C
at 60 Hz
Continous
current rating
at 45 C
Short circuit
[Ampere]
1 sec
0,3 sec
1 X 25/4
1 X 50/6
1 X 150/10
1 X 185/10
1 X 300/16
0,734
0,391
0,126
0,100
0,0607
0,921
0,491
0,158
0,126
0,0762
0,113/0,135
0,104/0,125
0,094/0,112
0,091/0,109
0,118/0,138
0,928/0,932
0,502/0,508
0,184/0,197
0,155/0,173
0,118/0,137
120
180
365
415
560
3500
7000
21000
25900
42000
6390
12780
38340
47286
76681
2 X 1,5/4
2 X 2,5/4
2 X 4/6
2 X 6/6
2 X 16/16
12,2
7,56
4,70
3,11
1,16
15,3
9,49
5,90
3,91
1,46
0,115/0,138
0,107/0,129
0,100/0,120
0,094/0,112
0,082/0,099
15,3/15,317
9,491/9,492
5,9/5,902
3,911/3,912
1,462/1,463
17
24
32
41
76
210
350
560
840
2240
383
639
1022
1534
4089
3 X 1,5/4
3 X 2,5/6
3 X 4/6
3 X 6/6
3 X 10/10
3 X 16/16
3 X 25/16
3 X 35/16
3 X 50/25
3 X 70/35
3 X 95/50
3 X 150/70
12,2
7,56
4,70
3,11
1,84
1,16
0,734
0,529
0,391
0,270
0,195
0,126
15,3
9,49
5,90
3,91
2,31
1,46
0,921
0,664
0,491
0,339
0,245
0,158
0,115/0,138
0,107/0,129
0,100/0,120
0,094/0,112
0,088/0,105
0,082/0,099
0,081/0,098
0,078/0,094
0,078/0,093
0,077/0,092
0,075/0,090
0,073/0,088
15,3/15,317
9,491/9,492
5,9/5,902
3,911/3,912
2,3117/2,3124
1,462/1,463
0,925/0,927
0,669/0,671
0,497/0,500
0,348/0,351
0,256/0,261
0,174/0,181
14
20
27
34
47
63
84
100
125
155
190
255
210
350
560
840
1400
2240
3500
4900
7000
9800
13300
21000
383
639
1022
1534
2556
4089
6390
8946
12780
17892
24282
38340
4 X 1,5/6
4 X 2,5/6
4 X 6/6
4 X 16/16
4 X 50/25
4 X 95/50
12,2
7,56
3,11
1,16
0,391
0,195
15,3
9,49
3,91
1,46
0,491
0,245
0,115/0,138
0,107/0,129
0,094/0,112
0,082/0,099
0,078/0,093
0,075/0,090
15,3/15,317
9,491/9,492
3,911/3,912
1,462/1,463
0,497/0,500
0,256/0,261
14
20
34
63
125
190
210
350
840
2240
7000
13300
383
639
1534
4089
12780
24282
7 X 1,5/6
12,2
15,3
0,115/0,138
15,3/15,317
10
210
383
12 X 1,5/10
12,2
15,3
0,115/0,138
15,3/15,317
210
383
71212
255
Chapter 5
Trainor as 2007
INSTALLATION DATA
Diameter
Overall
[mm]
1 X 25/4
1 X 50/6
1 X 150/10
1 X 185/10
1 X 300/16
15,01,0
19,01,0
27,51,5
30,02,0
36,52,0
120
152
220
240
292
90
114
165
180
219
1250
2500
7500
9250
15000
2 X 1,5/4
2 X 2,5/4
2 X 4/6
2 X 6/6
2 X 16/16
13,51,0
14,51,0
16,01,0
17,51,0
22,51,5
108
116
128
140
180
81
87
96
105
135
150
250
400
600
1600
3 X 1,5/4
3 X 2,5/6
3 X 4/6
3 X 6/6
3 X 10/10
3 X 16/16
3 X 25/16
3 X 35/16
3 X 50/25
3 X 70/35
3 X 95/50
3 X 150/70
14,51,0
15,51,0
17,01,0
18,51,0
20,51,5
23,51,5
27,01,5
30,02,0
34,52,0
40,52,5
44,52,5
54,53,0
116
124
136
148
164
188
216
240
276
324
356
436
87
93
102
111
123
141
162
180
207
243
267
327
225
375
600
900
1500
2400
3750
5250
7500
10500
14250
20000
4 X 1,5/6
4 X 2,5/6
4 X 6/6
4 X 16/16
4 X 50/25
4 X 95/50
16,01,0
17,01,0
20,01,5
26,01,5
38,52,0
49,02,5
128
136
160
208
308
392
96
102
120
156
231
294
300
500
1200
3200
10000
19000
7 X 1,5/6
12 X 1,5/10
18,01,0
23,01,5
140
184
108
138
525
900
TYPE
[mm2]
Maximum pulling
tension
[N]
256
71212
Trainor as 2007
1 2
71212
257
Chapter 5
Trainor as 2007
Core identification:
One core
Two cores
Three cores
Four cores
Earth core
5 cores and above
258
: Grey
: Grey - Black
: Grey - Black - Red
: Grey - Black - Red - Blue
: Yellow/green
: Black numbers on white base.
71212
Trainor as 2007
Type
[mm2]
Thickness of
armour wires
[mm]
Diameter
Under braid
[mm]
Diameter
Overall
[mm]
Weight of
cable approx.
[kg/km]
Copper
content
approx.
[kg/km]
800007
1 X 150/10
0,3
23,01,5
27,01,5
2010
1491
800008
1 X 185/10
0,3
25,01,5
29,51,5
2430
1844
800009
1 X 240/16
0,3
28,01,5
32,52,0
3090
2382
800010
1 X 300/16
0,3
30,52,0
36,02,0
3790
2964
800015
2 X 1,5/4
0,2
10,01,0
13,01,0
260
80
800029
2 X 2,5/4
0,2
10,51,0
14,01,0
300
97
800045
2 X 4/6
0,3
12,01,0
15,51,0
400
156
800051
2 X 6/6
0,3
13,01,0
16,51,0
490
208
800018
3 X 1,5/4
0,2
10,51,0
13,51,0
290
95
800032
3 X 2,5/6
0,3
11,51,0
15,01,0
370
151
800052
3 X 6/6
0,3
14,01,0
17,51,0
570
262
800058
3 X 10/10
0,3
16,01,0
19,51,0
850
467
800064
3 X 16/16
0,4
18,01,0
22,51,5
1090
637
800070
3 X 25/16
0,4
22,01,5
26,51,5
1520
896
800082
3 X 50/25
0,4
29,01,5
34,02,0
2630
1604
800088
3 X 70/35
0,5
33,02,0
39,02,0
3550
2281
800095
3 X 95/50
0,5
37,52,0
43,52,5
4670
3096
800101
3 X 120/60
0,5
41,02,5
48,02,5
5750
3924
800102
3x 150/70
0,4*
45,02,5
54,03,0
7450
5000
800019
4 X 1,5/6
0,3
11,51,0
15,01,0
360
141
800035
4 X 2,5/6
0,3
12,51,0
16,01,0
440
191
800053
4 X 6/6
0,3
15,01,0
19,01,0
670
333
800065
4 X 16/16
0,4
20,01,5
25,01,5
1340
795
800071
4 X 25/16
0,3
24,01,5
29,01,5
1820
1098
800083
4 X 50/25
0,4
32,02,0
37,52,0
3210
2035
800089
4 X 70/35
0,5
36,52,0
43,02,5
4360
2903
800096
4 X 95/50
0,5
41,52,5
48,02,5
5760
3924
800021
7 X 1,5/6
0,3
13,51,0
17,51,0
480
201
800022
12 X 1,5/10
0,3
18,01,0
22,01,5
710
305
71212
259
Chapter 5
Trainor as 2007
ELECTRICAL DATA
No. of cores x
cross section
[mm2]
1 X 150/10
1 X 185/10
1 X 240/16
1 X 300/16
Conductor resistance
[/km]
at 20 C
at 85 C
Reactance
[/km]
at 50/60 Hz
Impedance
[/km] at 85 C
at 50/60 Hz
Continous
current rating
at 45 C
Short circuit
[Ampere]
1 sec
0,3 sec
0,126
0,100
0,0762
0,0607
0,158
0,126
0,0957
0,0762
0,092/0,110
0,091/0,109
0,090/0,109
0,089/0,107
0,183/0,197
0,155/0,173
0,131/0,150
0,117/0,137
365
415
490
560
21000
25900
33600
42000
38340
47286
61344
76681
12,2
7,56
4,70
3,11
15,3
9,49
5,90
3,91
0,110/0,132
0,103/0,123
0,096/0,115
0,090/0,108
15,3/15,317
9,491/9,492
5,901/5,902
3,905/3,906
17
24
32
41
210
350
560
840
383
639
1022
1534
3 X 1,5/4
3 X 2,5/6
3 X 6/6
3 X 10/10
3 X 16/16
3 X 25/16
3 X 50/25
3 X 70/35
3 X 95/50
3 X 120/60
3x 150/70
12,2
7,56
3,11
1,84
1,16
0,734
0,391
0,270
0,195
0,154
0,126
15,3
9,49
3,91
2,31
1,46
0,921
0,491
0,339
0,245
0,193
0,158
0,110/0,132
0,103/0,123
0,090/0,108
0,084/0,101
0,080/0,096
0,079/0,095
0,076/0,092
0,075/0,091
0,073/0,088
0,072/0,086
0,072/0,088
15,3/15,317
9,491/9,492
3,905/3,906
2,311/2,312
1,462/1,463
0,924/0,926
0,497/0,499
0,347/0,351
0,256/0,260
0,206/0,212
0,174/0,181
14
20
34
47
63
84
125
155
190
225
255
210
350
840
1400
2240
3500
7000
9800
13300
16800
21000
383
639
1534
2556
4089
6390
12780
17892
24282
30672
38340
4X
4X
4X
4X
4X
4X
4X
4X
1,5/6
2,5/6
6/6
16/16
25/16
50/25
70/35
95/50
12,2
7,56
3,11
1,16
0,734
0,391
0,270
0,195
15,3
9,49
3,91
1,46
0,921
0,491
0,339
0,245
0,110/0,132
0,103/0,123
0,090/0,108
0,080/0,096
0,079/0,095
0,076/0,092
0,075/0,091
0,073/0,088
15,3/15,317
9,491/9,492
3,905/3,906
1,462/1,463
0,924/0,926
0,497/0,499
0,347/0,351
0,256/0,260
14
20
34
63
84
125
155
190
210
350
840
2240
3500
7000
9800
13300
383
639
1534
4089
6390
12780
17892
24282
7 X 1,5/6
12,2
15,3
0,110/0,132
15,3/15,317
10
210
383
12 X 1,5/10
12,2
15,3
0,110/0,132
15,3/15,317
210
383
2X
2X
2X
2X
260
1,5/4
2,5/4
4/6
6/6
71212
Trainor as 2007
INSTALLATION DATA
Minimum bending radius
During
Fixed
installation
installed
(mm)
(mm)
Maximum pulling
tension
[N]
TYPE
Overall Diameter
[mm2]
[mm]
1 X 150/10
1 X 185/10
1 X 240/16
1 X 300/16
27,01,5
29,51,5
32,52,0
36,02,0
216
236
260
288
162
177
195
216
7500
9250
12000
15000
2 X 1,5/4
2 X 2,5/4
2 X 4/6
2 X 6/6
13,01,0
14,01,0
15,51,0
16,51,0
104
112
124
132
78
84
93
99
150
250
400
600
3 X 1,5/4
3 X 2,5/6
3 X 6/6
3 X 10/10
3 X 16/16
3 X 25/16
3 X 50/25
3 X 70/35
3 X 95/50
3 X 120/60
3x 150/70
13,51,0
15,01,0
17,51,0
19,51,0
22,51,5
26,51,5
34,02,0
39,02,0
43,52,5
48,02,5
54,03,0
108
120
140
156
180
212
272
312
348
384
432
81
90
105
117
135
159
204
234
261
288
324
225
375
900
1500
2400
3750
7500
10500
14250
18000
20000
4 X 1,5/6
4 X 2,5/6
4 X 6/6
4 X 16/16
4 X 25/16
4 X 50/25
4 X 70/35
4 X 95/50
15,01,0
16,01,0
19,01,0
25,01,5
29,01,5
37,52,0
43,02,5
48,02,5
120
128
152
200
232
296
344
384
90
96
114
150
174
225
258
288
300
500
1200
3200
5000
10000
14000
19000
7 X 1,5/6
17,51,0
140
105
525
12 X 1,5/10
22,01,5
176
132
900
71212
261
Chapter 5
Trainor as 2007
262
71212
Trainor as 2007
Core identification:
One core
Two cores
Three cores
Four cores
5 cores and above
Earth core
71212
: Grey
: Grey - Black
: Grey - Black - Red
: Grey - Black - Red - Blue
: Black numbers on white
base.
: Yellow/green
263
Chapter 5
264
Trainor as 2007
71212
Trainor as 2007
Entry
thread
size
Gland
size
ref.
Oss
Os
O
A
B
C
C2
D
E
F
Metric
20
20
20
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
*
Imp.
1
1
1
2
2
3
Across
flats
24
24
24
30
36
46
55
65
80
95
Across
corners
27,7
27,7
27,7
34,6
41,6
53,1
63,5
75,1
92,4
109,6
Diameter or
inner sheath
N
Min.
3,0
4,0
8,0
11,0
13,0
19,0
25,0
31,5
42,5
54,5
N
Max.
6,0
8,0
11,9
14,3
20,2
26,5
32,5
44,4
56,3
68,2
Diameter of
outer sheath
O
Min.
10,5
10,5
10,5
12,9
17,0
25,0
33,0
39,5
52,0
64,0
O
Max.
16,0
16,0
16,0
20,9
27,1
33,3
42,9
52,6
65,3
78,0
Standard Standard
steel
wire brald
wire
armour
R
0,9/1,25
0,9/1,25
0,9/1,25
0,9/1,25
1,25/1,6
1,6/2,0
1,6/2,0
2,0/2,5
2,5
2,5
0,2/0,3
0,2/0,3
0,2/0,3
0,2/0,3
0,2/0,45
0,2/0,45
0,3/0,45
0,4/0,45
0,4/0,45
0,4/0,45
71212
265
Chapter 5
Trainor as 2007
Entry
thread
size
Gland
size
ref.
O
A
B
C
C2
D
E
F
G
H
J
Metric
20
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
80
90
100
*
Imp.
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
3
4
Across
flats
24,0
30,0
36,0
46,0
55,0
65,0
80,0
95,0
106,4
106,4
127,0
Across
corners
27,7
34,6
41,6
53,1
63,5
75,1
92,4
109,6
123,0
123,0
146,7
Max.
Dia.
of inner
sheath
10,0
12,3
18,2
24,5
29,5
41,5
53,3
66,0
70,3
79,3
89,8
Diameter of
outer sheath
O
Min.
10,5
12,9
17,0
25,0
33,0
39,5
52,0
64,0
78,0
78,0
89,0
O
Max.
16,0
20,9
27,1
33,3
42,9
52,6
65,3
78,0
89,5
89,5
104,5
Standard
steel wire
armour
Standard
wire brald
dia.
Pliable
steel
wire
armour
R
0,9/1,25
0,9/1,25
1,25/1,60
1,60/2,0
1,60/2,0
2,0/2,5
2,5
2,5
3,15
3,15
4,5
0,2/0,3
0,2/0,3
0,2/0,45
0,2/0,45
0,3/0,45
0,4/0,45
0,4/0,45
0,4/0,45
7/0,45
7/0,45
7/0,45
7/0,45
7/0,71
7/0,71
7/0,9
7/0,9
266
71212
Trainor as 2007
Gland
Size
1
2
3
3B
3D
4
4B
4C
5
5B
6
6B
6C
7
7B
7C
8
71212
A
Entry
Thread
Metric
thread
M20 x 1,5
M20 x 1,5
M25 x 1,5
M25 x 1,5
M25 x 1,5
M32 x 1,5
M32 x 1,5
M32 x 1,5
M40 x 1,5
M40 x 1,5
M50 x 1,5
M50 x 1,5
M50 x 1,5
M63 x 1,5
M63 x 1,5
M63 x 1,5
M75 x 1,5
Inner sheath
Outer sheath
max.
min.
max.
min.
12,0
14,5
20,0
20,0
20,0
26,5
26,5
23,0
33,0
33,0
44,5
44,5
36,0
56,2
56,2
52,0
68,3
8,0
10,5
12,7
12,7
12,7
20,0
20,0
16,5
26,0
26,0
32,0
32,0
29,0
44,0
44,0
40,0
56,0
16,0
21,2
27,5
24,5
22,5
33,5
29,0
29,0
43,0
37,0
52,5
47,0
47,0
65,3
58,0
58,0
78,0
10,5
14,5
22,0
18,0
16,0
27,0
21,5
21,5
33,5
29,0
41,0
36,0
36,0
54,0
47,0
47,0
65,0
D
Width
across
flats
mm
24
30
36
36
36
46
46
46
55
55
65
65
65
80
80
80
95
E
Width
across
corn.
mm
27,7
34,6
41,6
41,6
41,6
53,1
53,1
53,1
63,5
63,5
75,1
75,1
75,1
92,4
92,4
92,4
109,8
F
Length
of gland
open
tight
52,9
52,5
58,9
58,9
58,9
60,6
60,6
60,6
70,6
70,6
76,0
76,0
76,0
80,7
80,7
80,7
84,6
41,0
41,5
44,5
44,5
44,5
47,5
47,5
47,5
53,0
53,0
57,0
57,0
57,0
62,5
62,5
62,5
64,0
G
Length
of
thread
mm
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
H
Wire
braid
dia.
mm
0,20-0,4
0,20-0,4
0,20-0,5
0,20-0,5
0,20-0,5
0,20-0,5
0,20-0,5
0,20-0,5
0,30-0,6
0,30-0,6
0,30-0,6
0,35-0,6
0,35-0,6
0,35-0,6
0,40-0,6
0,40-0,6
0,40-0,6
267
Chapter 5
Trainor as 2007
Gland
Size
1
2
3
3B
3D
4
4B
5
5B
6
6B
7
7B
8
268
A
Entry
Thread
Metric
thread
M20 x 1,5
M20 x 1,5
M25 x 1,5
M25 x 1,5
M25 x 1,5
M32 x 1,5
M32 x 1,5
M40 x 1,5
M40 x 1,5
M50 x 1,5
M50 x 1,5
M63 x 1,5
M63 x 1,5
M75 x 1,5
Outer sheath
Inner
sheath
Inner cyl.
dia. mm
Width
across
flats
mm
Width
across
corn. mm
Length
of gland
max.
min.
max.
16,0
21,2
27,5
24,5
22,5
33,5
29,0
43,0
37,0
52,5
47,0
65,3
58,0
78,0
10,5
14,5
22,0
18,0
16,0
27,0
21,5
33,5
29,0
41,0
36,0
54,0
47,0
65,0
1,0
14,5
20,0
20,0
20,0
26,5
26,5
33,0
33,0
44,5
44,5
56,2
56,2
68,3
H
Length
of
thread
mm
I
Wire braid
dia.
mm
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
0,20-0,4
0,20-0,4
0,20-0,5
0,20-0,5
0,20-0,5
0,20-0,5
0,20-0,5
0,30-0,6
0,30-0,6
0,30-0,6
0,35-0,6
0,35-0,6
0,40-0,6
0,40-0,6
open tight
10,0
12,0
18,0
18,0
18,0
24,5
24,5
30,0
30,0
41,0
41,0
52,5
52,5
64,5
24
30
36
36
36
46
46
55
55
65
65
80
80
95
27,7
34,6
41,6
41,6
41,6
53,1
53,1
63,5
63,5
75,1
75,1
92,4
92,4
109,8
46,9
49,5
52,5
52,5
52,5
55,6
55,6
64,5
64,5
66,6
66,6
71,7
71,7
75,1
41,0
41,5
44,5
44,5
44,5
47,5
47,5
53,0
53,0
57,0
57,0
62,5
62,5
64,0
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C H A P T E R
Earthing
Subjects
When you have completed this chapter, you should be familiar with
Chapter 6
270
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Earthing
General earthing
Main earth
PE:
ISE:
Instrumentation Earth
IE:
Bonding
Bonding:
System earth
Protection Earth
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Distribution systems
TN - C- S system
TT system
1. Letter
T:
I:
2. Letter
T:
N:
3. Letter
272
S:
C:
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Earthing
TN - C - S system
First distribution
TN-S-system
TN-C-system
L1
L2
L3
N
PE
PE conductor and N conductor combined
in one conductor (PEN conductor) to the
first distribution
Figure 34 TN - C - S - system
IT system
L1
L2
L3
Disneuter
PE
Exposed parts
Figure 35 IT - system
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Protection earth
600
I earth = 30A
R person
0,6
R earth
I person
30mA
0,1
Main earth
Fatale current
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Earthing
Clean system
Low resistance
Isolated system
Color code
L1
Distribution
L2
L3
Hazardous area
Earth current
"c"
ISE
"a"
"b"
Main earth
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Color code
Distribution
L2
L3
Earth current
Screen
Un<50v
"c"
"a"
"b"
Main earth
Isolated system
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Earthing
Bonding
Voltage drop
Bonding
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Rise of potential
Non IS-circuit
I earth = 20A
14V
0,7
14V
0,1
Discharge
278
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Earthing
L1
L2
L3
Earth current
IS-circuit
Non IS-circuit
I earth = 20A
0,7
14V
0V
0V
0,1
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Color code
Ex-d gland
Yellow/green marked
screen with
orange rings
Rubber seal
Armouring
280
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Earthing
Ex-d gland
PE
Yellow/green
screen with
Extra conductor orange rings
for PE.
Yellow/green
Armouring
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Chapter 6
Armouring as PE
Trainor as 2007
In those cases where we use a gland without cone and pressure ring
for connection of the armouring, the armouring can be used as
protection earth. It is thus not necessary to have an additional
conductor in the cable for earthing in these cases even though the
rated voltage is higher than 50VDC/50VAC.
Ex-e field instrument where uN > 50VDC/50VAC
PE
Armouring used
as protection earth.
Marked yellow/green
Screen used as
instrument earth
Isolated systems
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Earthing
Hazardous area
Zener barrier
Junction box
Field instrument
Transformer
F
+
ISE
PE
PE
Earth distribution
Main earth
Termination of earth
Only one conductor
Correct
Use of washers
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Ex > 50/30
V
Armouring
CCR
PE
PE
PE
Field
Floating
Floating
PE
Screen
CCR
ISE
IE
Field
Floating
Floating
Unused conductor
CCR
ISE
IE
PE
Field
Floating
Floating
PE
284
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Earthing
No connection
Transition resistance
Marking
ISE
Main earth
Measured result
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Chapter 6
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Earthing
Control test
Question 1
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Question 2
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Question 3
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Question 4
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Question 5
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Question 6
How many earth conductors are permitted under one earth screw?
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