Appendix 3

Irregular verbs
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bare
infinitive
arise
awake
bear
beat
become
begin
bend
bet
bind
bite
bleed
blow
break
bring
broadcast
build
burn1
burst
buy
cast
catch
choose
cling
come
cost
creep
cut
deal
dig

arose
awoke
was/were
bore
beat
became
began
bent
bet
bound
bit
bled
blew
broke
brought
broadcast
built
burnt
burst
bought
cast
caught
chose
clung
came
cost
crept
cut
dealt
dug

do

did

dive
draw
dream1
drink
drive
dwell1
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
fit'
flee
fling

divedJ
drew
dreamt
drank
drove
dwelt
ate
fell

be

244

past simple

fed
felt
fought
found
fit
fled
flung

past participle
(-ed form)
arisen
awoken
been
borne
beaten
become
begun
bent
bet
bound
bitten
bled
blown
broken
brought
broadcast
built
burnt
burst
bought
cast
caught
chosen
clung
came
cost
crept
cut
dealt
dug
done
dived
drawn
dreamt

drunk
driven
dwelt
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
fit
fled
flung

bare
infinitive

past simple

fly

flew
forbade
forecast
forgot
forgave
froze
got
gave
went
grew
hung
had
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt
kept
knelt
knit
knew
laid

past participle
(-ed form)
flown
forbidden
forecast
forgotten
forgiven
frozen
got
given
gone
grown
hung
had
heard
hidden
hit
held
hurt
kept
knelt
knit
known
laid

led

led

leant
leapt
learnt
left
lent
let
lay
lit
lost
made
meant
met
mowed
paid
proved
put
quit
read5
rode
rang
rose
ran
sawed

leant
leapt
learnt
left
lent
let
lain
lit
lost
made
meant
met
mown
paid
proven
put
quit
read5
ridden
rung
risen
run
sawn

forbid
forecast
forget
forgive
freeze
get
give
go
grow
hang1
have
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt
keep
kneel1
knit1
know
lay
lead
lean1
leap1
learn1
leave
lend
let
lie4
light1
lose
make
mean
meet
mow2
pay
prove2
put
quit
read
ride
ring
rise
run
saw2

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bare
infinitive
say
i see
seek
sell
send
set
sew2
shake
shear2
shed
shine
shoot
show
shrink
shut
sing
sink
sit
sleep
slide
sling
smell1
sow2
speak
speed1
spell1
spend
spin
spill1
spit
split
spoil1

past simple
said
sawsought
sold
sent
set
sewed
shook
sheared
shed
shone
shot
showed
shrank
shut
sang
sank
sat
slept
slid
slung
smelt
sowed
spoke
sped
spelt
spent
spun/span
spilt
spit/spat
split
spoilt

past participle
(-ed form)
said
seen
sought
sold
sent
set
sewn
shaken
shorn
shed
shone
shot
shown
shrunk
shut
sung
sunk
sat
slept
slid
slung
smelt
sown
spoken
sped
spelt
spent
spun
spilt
spit/spat
split
spoilt

bare
infinitive
spread
spring
stand
steal
stick
sting
stink
strike
strive
swear
sweep
swell2
swim
swing
take
teach
tear
tell
think
throw
thrust
tread
understand
wake'
wear
weave2
weep
wet'
win
wind
wring
write

past simple
spread
sprang
stood
stole
stuck
stung
stank
struck
strove
swore
swept
swelled
swim
swung
took
taught
tore
told
thought
threw
thrust
trod
understood
woke
wore
wove
wept
wet
won
wound
wrung
wrote

Appendix 3

past participle
(-ed form)
spread
sprung
stood
stolen
stuck
stung
stunk
struck
striven
sworn
swept
swollen
swum
swung
taken
taught
torn
told
thought
thrown
thrust
trodden
understood
woken
worn
woven
wept
wet
won
wound
wrung
written

These verbs have two past simple and two past participle forms, both the ones given and
regular forms (e.g. burn; burnt/burned; burnt/burned).
2
These verbs have two past participle forms, the one given and a regular form (e.g. mow;
mowed; mown/mowed).
3
'dove' in American English.
4
When lie means 'deliberately to say something untrue' it is regular ('lie/lied/lied'}.
5
Pronounced /red/.

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