Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
SYSTEM BENEFITS
Superior Quality and Performance enhances
construction industry with a factory manufactured, preengineered cladding system which combines weather,
PRODUCT RANGE
2:01
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
PRODUCT CONCEPT
DELIVERY
MAINTENANCE
being finalised.
2:02
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
CHECKLIST
Project Ref:
Date:
Roof or Wall
Notes:
Product &
Appearance
Internal
Environment
Fire Safety
Requirements
Structural/Static
Performance
Thermal
Performance
Other
Requirements
Ancillaries
Performance
Guarantees
Project
Specification
Project Programme
Project
Budget/Costs
Manual Ref
Notes: Design selection checklist pads are available from our Technical Services Department.
Kingspan Technical Services Department is available to assist the design team on any construction application issue.
2:03
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS P OLAND
INSULATED SANDWICH PANEL CLADDING
For Construction:
Although not demanded by National Building Law
always required by the Client or Project Manager
Contractors responsibility
Architectural cladding specification and drawings,
supporting structure specification and drawings,
cladding system connection methods and
specification
Technical specification and drawings (record
copies) must be originally signed and stamped by
chartered Civil Engineers - both Designer and
Supervisor
As Built:
Demanded by National Building Law as the final
design
follows:
Civil Code
Building Law
Urban Regulations
National Centres of Building Research, Certificates
& Approvals
Additional requirements may include European
2:04
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS P OLAND
BUILDING REGULATIONS
Polish building regulations are based on the
of
building
materials,
certification
following amendments:
TECHNICAL NORMS
Detailed technical requirements are specified in
Polish technical norms. The leading ones for insulated
sandwich cladding panels are:
Postpu 9 St.
PCBC - Polish Centre of Research and
Certification, Warsaw, KBobucka 23A St.
In September 1999 Kingspan - Poland, as a result
Cladding Systems
2:05
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS P OLAND
STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE
deformation.
A considerable amount of research and full scale
European
(ECCS)
Convention
published
for
The
Structural
Steelwork
Preliminary
European
calculating
permissible
loads.
Surface
Light colours
55C
Medium colours
65C
Dark colours
80C
2:06
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS P OLAND
STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE
The insulation core is a thermoplastic material
which will slowly distort under long-term loads.
This means that panel deflection may continue to
increase gradually with a constant loading. This is
known as creep.
Wall panels are not subject to creep because there
is never a long-term load which affects the core, but roof
panels can creep under dead loads and snow, if it
remains for a long period.
Although snow is not considered as a long-term
load in Poland, creep due to dead loading is taken into
account by reducing the shear modulus of the core.
Individual design loadings are determined by the
application and calculation methods within the Polish
Building Regulations and Norms.
The most important structural and static ones are
as follows:
PN-82/B-02000: Buildings Loads. Principles of
Values Determination
PN-82/B-02001: Buildings Loads. Permanent
Loads
PN-82/B-02003: Buildings Loads. Changeable
Technological Loads
PN-80/B-02010: Loads in Static Calculations.
Snow Loads
PN-77/B-02011: Loads in Static Calculations.
Wind Loads
PN-86/B-02015: Buildings Loads. Temperature
Loads
2:07
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS P OLAND
THERMAL PERFORMANCE
fresh.
levels
Therefore the envelope must have barrier systems to:
Keep the heat in or out
Keep the rain and snow out
Keep the wind out
Control humidity and vapour
Typical temperatures (T) and relative humidities (H)
for some types of buildings are as following:
T
Block of flats:
20C
55%
Office:
20C
40%
School:
20C
50%
Factory / Warehouse:
15C
35%
Textile factory:
20C
70%
Swimming pool:
25C
70%
2:08
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS P OLAND
FIRE PERFORMANCE
Kingspan Insulated Sandwich Cladding provide a
high level of fire performance.
None of the tested panels, roof or wall, has
been classified as spreading flame (NRO)
through a construction barrier according to
PN-90/B-02867.
The fire resistance values of Kingspan panels have
been found on the grounds of the norm PN-B-02851-1
: 1998 which made it possible either to determine a total
fire resistance of flame and limited temperature through
a barrier (El category) or to estimate how many
minutes a wall or a roof joint will resist fire (E category).
The norm PN-90/B-02851, which operates on an
equivalent category F, is still valid.
The use of Kingspan Insulated Sandwich panels
guarantees high fire resistance, particularly panels with
applications.
2:09
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS P OLAND
ENVIRONMENT
Should Fulfil.
2:10
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS P OLAND
ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE
specify
required
acoustic
2:11
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS P OLAND
CORROSION PERFORMANCE
Lower
quality
and
specification
2:12
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS P OLAND
LIFE CYCLE DURABILITY PERFORMANCE
environmental agents.
Moisture will lead to the corrosion of metals and
should
be
inspected
routinely,
any
Ministry:
standards.
2:13
FEBRUARY 2000
STRUCTURAL A D STATIC
REGULATIONS AND NORMS
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS C ZECH R EPUBLIC
INSULATED SANDWICH PANEL CLADDING
Construction Specification:
Although not demanded by National Building Law
always required by the Client or Project Manager
Contractors responsibility
Architectural cladding specification and drawings,
supporting structure specification and drawings,
cladding system connection methods and
specification
Technical specification and drawings (record
copies) must be originally signed and stamped by
chartered Civil Engineers - both Designer and
Supervisor
As Built Construction:
EU - harmonised standards
ETA - European Technical Approval
Full Scale Test Approvals - independent expert
verification and certification (LPCB, NSAI, FM and
others)
2:14
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS C ZECH R EPUBLIC
BUILDING REGULATIONS
TECHNICAL NORMS
Norms.
CSN 73 0212-5 Geometrical Accuracy in the
Building Industry
Thermal Performance:
sandwich
This
includes
responsibility
for
panels
(U-value)
is
recognised
as
notifying
and Sanitary.
2:15
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS C ZECH R EPUBLIC
Fire Performance:
These requirements are indicated in the Building
Regulations and Norms, the most important ones are:
CSN 730810 Fire protection of buildings
Acoustic Performance:
The Czech Republic Regulations and Norms
dealing with acoustic performance are as follows:
CSN ISO 717-1 Acoustic. Evaluation of sound
insulating properties of buildings and building
structures
Public notice of Ministry for Health, Nr. 13/1977
Protection of health against noise and vibrations
CSI Centre of Building Engineering: Acoustic
evaluation of panels
Corrosion Performance:
Testing
building
materials,
certification
Anwendungstechnik
Matialforschung
und
2:16
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS C ZECH R EPUBLIC
STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE
deformation.
A considerable amount of research and full scale
testing has been carried out by European and
calculation methods.
Convention
published
for
The
Structural
Steelwork
Preliminary
European
when
calculating
permissible
loads.
Surface
55C
Medium colours
65C
Dark colours
80C
2:17
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS C ZECH R EPUBLIC
STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE
THERMAL PERFORMANCE
the core.
Individual design loadings are determined by the
as follows:
CSN 73 0035: Actions on structures
Block of flats:
T
20C
H
55%
Office:
20C
40%
School:
20C
50%
Factory / Warehouse:
15C
35%
Textile factory:
20C
70%
Swimming pool:
25C
70%
2:18
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS C ZECH R EPUBLIC
The thermal insulation performance for insulated
sandwich
panels
(U-value)
is
recognised
FIRE PERFORMANCE
as
100 minutes.
2:19
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS C ZECH R EPUBLIC
ENVIRONMENT
sectors.
food/hygiene directive
warming.
2:20
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS C ZECH R EPUBLIC
ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE
The purpose of acoustic design is to limit the
publics exposure to noise, whether they are inside or
outside the building. The cladding can play an important
part in the design by absorbing the sound energy and/or
by acting as an internal or external barrier and resisting
the transmission of noise.
However, it is left to Planning, Building Regulation
and Environmental Health Departments to decide on the
requirements for each building, depending on location,
noise sources, etc.
Czech Republic Building Regulations and Norms
for Acoustic Performance are:
CSN ISO 717-1 Acoustic. Evaluation of sound
insulating properties of buildings and building
structures
Public notice of Ministry for Health, Nr. 13/1977
Protection of health against noise and vibrations
CSI Centre of Building Engineering: Acoustic
evaluation of panels
In general, roof and wall cladding resistance to the
transmission of noise from one side to the other is
indicated by a single figure Weighted Sound Reduction
Index - RW.
The use of Kingspan insulated sandwich panels
guarantees high acoustic resistance, in particular when
using panels with mineral fibre core which have an
acoustic RW resistance value of at least 30 dB both for roof and wall panels of any thickness.
The acoustic resistance of panels with rigid urethane
core have a RW resistance value of 25 dB of Weighted
Sound Reduction Index - this refers to roof and wall
panels of any thickness.
Although the RW index is useful for comparative
purposes, the full noise spectrum should always be
used for detailed design to ensure there are no
dominant frequencies in the noise which might require
very specific sound reduction treatment and therefore
cladding specifications.
2:21
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS C ZECH R EPUBLIC
CORROSION PERFORMANCE
Lower
quality
and
specification
insulated
2:22
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS C ZECH R EPUBLIC
LIFE CYCLE DURABILITY PERFORMANCE
environmental agents.
Moisture will lead to the corrosion of metals and
should
be
inspected
routinely,
any
environment.
standards.
2:23
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS H UNGARY
According to general building requirements, new
INTRODUCTION
Insulated sandwich cladding panels are designed
Environmental
Protection.
The
fundamental
requirements,
for
exercising
due
2:24
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS H UNGARY
Architectural planning and licensing
2:25
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS H UNGARY
Pursuant to Decree No. 46/1997. (XII. 29.) KTM
Contracting
regulations:
in
the
building
industry/Legal
Machinery;
2:26
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS H UNGARY
Certification of conformity and the marketing of
building materials:
Building materials, fixtures and equipment may
only be marketed, ordered, installed or used for a
structure with a domestic conformity certificate.
Decree No. 39/1997. (XII. 19.) KTM-IKIM
prescribes the detailed regulations on the technical
requirements and conformity certification, marketing
and application of building materials, structures and
equipment. It stipulates that a Construction Approval
Further requirements:
EN harmonised standards;
UEAtc directives;
procedures of CAT.
R e q u i re m e n t s
assessments.
established
by
expert
following:
laboratories
Standard.
are
accredited
by
the
Hungarian
Meteorological
load
factors
and
their
2:27
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS H UNGARY
When calculating the dimensions of smaller
maximum strain.
temperature differential.
Surface temperatures are greatly influenced by the
55 Celsius
light colours
65 Celsius
dark colours
80 Celsius
building.
Principle sources of regulations on support frames
and structural engineering:
MSZ 15020:1986
Dynamics, general rules of planning;
MSZ 15021-1:1986
Loads of superstructures;
MSZ 15021-2:1986
Rigidity requirements of superstructures;
ME 114/1:1980
Sandwich panels, dynamics planning;
MI 15011:1988
Dynamics testing of completed support structures
of buildings.
2:28
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS H UNGARY
Fire regulations:
Thermodynamics requirements:
MSZ 595-2:1994
Classification of
combustibility;
building
materials
for
MSZ 595-3:1986
Fire resistance requirements of building structures;
MSZ 595-7:1994
Calculation of fire hazard and standard fire
resistance requirements
residential areas
T
20 Celsius
H
65%
offices
20 Celsius
50%
conference rooms
18 Celsius
65%
storage areas
12-16 Celsius
50-65%
dimensioning
purposes
the
thermal
2:29
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS H UNGARY
The degree of changes in the moisture content of
a structure must not inflict excessive changes in the
physical and/or chemical properties of building material
or building structures (thermal conductivity, strength,
following:
MSZ-04-140-2:1991
Thermodynamics designs;
MSZ-04-140-3: 1987
Heating energy calculations;
Acoustic requirements:
Buildings, building sections and structures shall be
2:30
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS H UNGARY
ENVIRONMENT
2:31
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
B UILDING R EGULATIONS
& N ORMS H UNGARY
Interior insulation systems must be easy to wash
Durability
Corrosion:
Insulated sandwich panels are made of special,
high quality materials, including interior and exterior
coated metal shields, which are guaranteed for 25 years
and carry an estimated service life ratio of 40 years.
Fasteners, sealants and material edges should be
professional installation,
regular maintenance.
21854:1990.
MSZ 7584-1:1980
Corrosion protection of steel structures exposed
to weather conditions;
MSZ 21461-1:1988
Clean air provisions in work environments,
chemicals;
MSZ 21461-2:1992
Clean air provisions in work environments, dust.
2:32
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
2:33
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
2
thermal.
2:34
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
smoke.
greater than those for low fire risk but where a fire would
specified levels.
ii. Fire Integrity: The ability of an element or
combination of elements to restrict the spread of fire,
smoke and combustion gases from the fire side to the
non-fire side of a construction.
Fire Retardant: A substance or treatment applied
exposed to fire.
Fire Risk Assessment: A method of systematically identifying fire hazards and assessing the
2:35
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
this process.
Question
Yes
No
Notes
Yes
No
Notes
2:36
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
Yes
No
Notes
Yes
No
Notes
2:37
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
Yes
No
Notes
Question
Yes
No
Notes
2:38
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
development.
2:39
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
Insulation Core
Standard rigid urethane
Panel System
Insulated Sandwich Panel
Insulation Core
Glass fibre insulant (11kg/m3 approx.)
2:40
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
developing fire.
i)
ii)
2:41
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
penetration (integrity).
Expression of Results
- Integrity
x minutes
- Insulation y minutes
- Radiation z kW/m2 (measured at 1m)
2:42
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
Polystyrene
resistant applications is often considered to be noncombustible. However, the high density of the fibre core
means that synthetic resins are used as binders, which
together with the adhesives bonding the core to the
facings are often combustible and are affected.
FEBRUARY 2000
2:43
BUILDING DESIGN
2:44
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
2:45
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
2:46
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
Effect of Sprinklers
One of the rigid urethane panel tests was repeated
with the addition of sprinklers. The purpose was to
examine the effect on the behaviour of the panels and
obtain a pointer to the value of sprinklers added
retrospectively to existing buildings.
Two sprinkler heads were installed in a
configuration reflecting the spacing of sprinklers
adjacent to walls of combustible materials. They were
activated manually to ensure that the fire had developed
sufficiently before activation. Within 30 seconds the
2:47
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
2:48
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
2:49
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
Fire continues to travel within the core between the facings and
panels collapsed.
2:50
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
T HERMAL P ERFORMANCE
INTRODUCTION
buildable.
It is therefore essential that buildings are designed
fresh food.
In simple terms the cladding separates the internal
Rain, Sleet
and Snow
Solar
Radiation
Heat Loss
Condensation
Heat
Gain
Internal
Humidity
Heat
Wind
functions:-
A heat barrier
An air barrier
the building.
In most buildings the cladding is relied upon to
absorb the energy difference between inside and out.
A vapour barrier
A weathering barrier
2:51
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
T HERMAL P ERFORMANCE
THERMAL RELIABILITY
Summary
Moisture
Moisture cannot ingress the rigid urethane
2:52
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
T HERMAL P ERFORMANCE
INSULATED SANDWICH PANELS
The thermal performance of the installed building
envelope is dependent upon correct specification,
following
thermographic
images
achieved
when
using
Kingspan
insulated
sandwich panels.
This image shows an insulated sandwich wall panel with door and
window openings. These can be readily identified as the rectangular
areas which are slightly warmer due to their naturally higher rate of
heat loss. The panels and joints of the system show no significant
weakness and are performing well.
This insulated sandwich roof panel system over a chill store shows
a high level of thermal performance with no signs of thermal failure.
The insulation is performing evenly and the joint conditions are all
tightly sealed. The blue pattern to the upper left of the image is due
to a roof/skylight which is less well insulated.
2:53
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
T HERMAL P ERFORMANCE
BEST PRACTICE INTEGRATED DESIGN
AND CONSTRUCTION
Industrial and commercial buildings throughout
Europe account for approximately 40% of all CO2
cracks at junctions.
continuity.
need to.
2:54
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
T HERMAL P ERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE FAILURE OF SITE ASSEMBLED BUILT-UP CLADDING SYSTEMS
When installed site assembled built-up cladding
compared
with
factory
manufactured
insulated
5,000m2 Building
10,000m2 Building
Heat loss
= 33%
Heat loss
= 33%
2:55
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
T HERMAL P ERFORMANCE
SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE OF KINGSPAN INSULATED SANDWICH PANEL SYSTEMS
Kingspan insulated sandwich panels provide
performance
and
as
the
panels
are
factory
reductions.
The examples shown indicate the savings and
reductions which are based on the use of Kingspan roof
and wall insulated sandwich panel system compared
with site assembled built-up cladding systems.
5,000m2 Building
10,000m2 Building
2:56
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
A COUSTIC P ERFORMANCE
INTRODUCTION
Regulation,
Noise Control
and
Environmental
Health
NOISE
A noise is a sound which can be annoying or
harmful. A noise is created by something vibrating, and
it spreads through the air as a series of pressure waves.
The greater the variation in pressure, the louder the
noise, and the faster the vibration, the higher the
frequency or pitch of the noise.
Noise source
Transmission
Reflection
Absorption
120 dB
90 dB
Office
60 dB
10 dB
2:57
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
A COUSTIC P ERFORMANCE
SOUND REDUCTION INDEX
SRI dB
In general roof and wall cladding's resistance to
the transmission of noise from one side to the other is
indicated by the laboratory measured Sound Reduction
50
40
30
20
10
63
125
Frequency Hz
250
500
1K
2K
4K
ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT
0.1
250
500
1K
2K
4K
Insulation Core
Thickness (mm)
KS1000 RW
KS1000 LP
KS1000 CR
KS1000 SM
KS1000 SX
KS1000 SF-B/M/E/F
KS1000 TF-B/M/E/F
KS1000 FR-B/M/E/F
Rigid Urethane
Rigid Urethane
Rigid Urethane
Rigid Urethane
Rigid Urethane
Rigid Urethane
Rigid Urethane
Mineral Fibre
2:58
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
A COUSTIC P ERFORMANCE
ENHANCED ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE
Introduction
where there is very little moisture input into the air and/or
Roof Application
60mm mineral
fibre, density
approx 30kg/m3
Insulated
panel
Sheeting rail
Spacer support
system
Internal acoustic liner
options
a. 0.63mm profiled steel liner
b. 0.63mm profiled perforated
steel liner (mineral fibre wrapped
in plastic film)
c. 12mm board (density 900 kg/m3)
eg. plasterboard
60mm mineral
fibre, density
approx 30kg/m3
Purlin
63
125
250
500
1k
2k
4k
8k
Rw
14
18
15
25
14
18
15
25
19
33
30
41
24
42
41
47
27
46
45
53
34
45
46
56
43
60
61
57
52
75
76
72
27
42
40
49
63
125
250
500
1k
2k
4k
8k
0.10
0.68
0.35
0.37
0.13
0.53
0.64
0.30
0.12
0.11
0.86
0.20
0.05
0.08
0.91
0.15
0.05
0.06
0.90
0.10
0.05
0.05
0.94
0.15
0.05
0.05
0.80
0.10
0.05
0.05
0.55
0.05
Note: For high humidity applications please contact Kingspan Technical Services Department
2:59
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
H YGIENE
REGULATIONS
cleaned easily.
food/hygiene directive
the building.
2:60
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
when necessary.
Services
for
2:61
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
TEMPERATURE
Temperature can affect the life of the coating and
Section 3.
MOISTURE
Moisture can lead to corrosion of metals and loss
of performance of thermal insulation. Most metal
cladding materials and many construction details are
WARRANTIES
Product warranties are provided by Kingspan for
specific projects when required.
2:62
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
R OOF /S KYLIGHTS
INTRODUCTION
ROOF/SKYLIGHT LAYOUTS
Chequerboard Layout
This layout gives the most uniform light distribution
but involves a higher level of site work and increases the
number of end laps making it particularly unsuitable for
roofs with lower slopes.
Ridge Layout
These provide reasonable light distribution on
smaller span buildings.
Barrel vault or pyramid type designs are supplied
by specialist manufacturers for installation in conjunction
with Kingspans roof systems.
2:63
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
R OOF /S KYLIGHTS
Barrel Vault and Pyramid Roof/Skylights
Pyramid Rooflight
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
The strength of roof/skylight and is limited due to
2:64
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
R OOF P ENETRATIONS
SMOKE VENTS
Awning (not delivered by Kingspan)
Sleeve
SOAKER DETAILS
KS1000 RW Roof Panel
Square/Circular Type
Hot zinc
profile
Flashing
EPDM band
Steel construction
Site applied insulation
2:65
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
W INDOW C ONSTRUCTION
Walls
Kingspans range of wall panel systems are designed to integrate with aluminium or UPVC framed windows, these
can be incorporated in continuous, non-continuous and curtain walling layout configurations.
Continuous Windows
Non-Continuous Windows
Curtain Wall
2:66
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
W INDOW C ONSTRUCTION
Walls
Non-Continuous Windows
Curtain Wall
2:67
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
R OOF D RAINAGE
TYPES OF GUTTER SYSTEMS
Eaves Gutter
Various plastic and light gauge metal eaves gutter
systems are available. The manufacturers data shows
are
effectively
part
of
the
roof
Valley Gutter
Parapet Gutter
2:68
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
L IGHTNING P ROTECTION
INTRODUCTION
Lightning is a natural hazard caused by the
discharge of static electricity from a storm cloud. It is a
very powerful phenomenon involving potentials of
typically 100 million volts and electric currents between
2000 and 200,000 amps. If it discharges to the ground
it can cause serious damage to unprotected property,
and can cause injury or death to people who are actually
struck or even if they are just in the vicinity of a strike.
Buildings and the people in them can be
protected from lightning strike damage and injury by
incorporating special lightning protection features into
the construction, which intercept the lightning discharge
and then conduct the electricity safely to the ground.
These lightning conductors are commonly seen on tall
chimneys, church spires, and other tall buildings.
However lightning strikes are a relatively rare
occurrence and the risk of a strike on a building might
be negligible. Statistically there is only a
probability of being killed by
1 in 2 million
The
standard
discusses
the
need
for
cases:
justified.
1.
Risk of explosion.
2.
3.
4.
Lightning is prevalent.
5.
6.
The
designer
will
need
to
specify
the
important.
7.
Valuable contents.
2:69
FEBRUARY 2000
BUILDING DESIGN
L IGHTNING P ROTECTION
TYPICAL LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM
Kingspan insulated sandwich panels fixed to steel
purlins on a steel frame in the normal way can form the
air termination and the necessary electrical connection
EARTHING ARRANGEMENT
20 metres
Steel column
Gunmetal B bond
A clamp
2:70
FEBRUARY 2000