SEVENTH WORLD CONGRESS OF

rHE COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

,

G. DIMITROV
Comintern 7th World
Congress Part 2: The
Working Class Against
Fascism
Georgi Dimitrov
1935 London: Modern Books
80p.

The Working Class

Against Fascism

Report Delivered August 2, 1935 on

the Second Point of the Agenda:

The Fascist Offensive and tile Task3 of du?

Communist International in tile Fight for die
Unity of the Working Class Against Fascism.

MODERN BOOKS LIMITED, LONDON

CO NTENTS
PAGt.

I.

9 th Day. 15th Se ssion

August l. 1935

o . W . KUU SINEN. pres iding

.
to o rde r. We s hall now pro
KUU SINEN : I call t~IC sess;OOagenda_ " The Fa sc is t Offen'
cced to the second p O int 1 t Ie ~nis t Internatio nal in the Figh;

C
sh'e anct the Tasks of the ,OffiCla ss }\gain st Fasc ism."

Corn

(or the Unity of the Workmg

.
rade Dimitrov has the fl oor.
p to the ros trum he is "rCet-..l
.
I
P
.."
' ' troY s tepS u
[As Comra d c 0 mll
All dcl c 3tes fi SC, C leering en.
b)' thunderous applilu:d 'ft
art: raised in the" Red Front I .
thu sia stically . . Clenc,h las~ s langua~es , shout s .of "Rot
salute. Grectlllg s I~n.. on niai." VOices from ~'~\r IOUS pans
Front" .. Hurrah. . a t,O" I " .. Long hve the COlli.
Il\'e O lOll

d reve>.
of the hall : " L. ong""
Hail Dimitrov
, t Ile
mlrep.
munist International I
Rewed applause and prolongtd
.
6g hter'
en
.
Ie. "j
lutJonary
.' .. hetC."InternatlOna
cheering. All smg t e

PRtHTlED BY
)UJtS'fON PJUNTlNCl CO. (Y.U.),

""'0"

PLACE, CAYTON S11lD'l',

LONDON, c.C.1. .

u.

..
I
FASCISM AND THE WORKING CLASS ."
_.
6
The Cla ss Chara cter of Fa scism ...
. ..
What Does Victorious Fa scism b ring for the
10
~ fa ss e s?
...
...
...
...
. ..

Is the Victory of Fa sc ism Inevitable? ...
-.. 13
19
Fa scism-a Feroc ious but Unstable Power

UN ITED FRONT OF THE WORKING CLASS
AG,\I NST FA SCISM
...
...
...
. ..
Importance of the United Front ...
...
. ..
The Chief Argument s of the Opponent s of the
United Front
...
...
. ..
. ..
. .. 25
Content and Form s of the United Front .. .
. .' 28
The Anti-Fascist People's Front ...
...
. .. 3 1
Ca rdinal Ques tions of the United Front in Individual Countrie s
...
...
.. .
. . . 13
(a) The United States of America
...
. .. 33
(b) Great Britain
.. .
...
...
. .. 35
(c) France
...
...
...
...
. . . 36
The United Front and the Fa scist Mas s Organisations
. ..
...
...
...
...
. .. 39
The United Front in the Countries where the
Social-Democ rats are in Office
...
. .. 44
The Struggle for Trade Union Unity...
. .. 49
The United Front and the Youth
...
... 54
Women and the United Front
...
...
. .. 56
The Anti-Imperiali st United Front
...
. . . 57
The Government of the United Front...
.. . 58
The Ideological Struggle against Fascism
.. . 64

lll. CONSOLIOATION OF THE COMMUNIST PARTIES

ANO STRUGGLE FOR THE POLITICAL UNITY
OF THE PROLETARIAT

70
Consolidation of the Communist Parties .. .
70

Political Unity of the Working Class
.. .

74

CONCLUSION

.. -

78

J. FASC I S\I :\:"11) TI-IE \V O RI<I NG C LASS.

co mrades, as carl)' as its Six th Congress, the Communis! International warned Ihe world pro letariat tha t 3
pe\\! fa scist offensi\'e was im pendi ng. and called for . a
strugg le ag.ti nsl it. The Congress pointed o ut that .. In
9. more or less d C\'clo pcd form, fascist tendencies and the
erms of ,1 fascist movement are to be fo und almost

g
,
everyw I lere.

\Vj lh the o ut b reak o f the present m os t profound

econo mic c risis, the slw rp acce ntu atio n of the gene ra l cri si~

of capiwiism a nd the revolution isation of the toilin g m 3~es ,

fasci sm has e mbarked upon :1 wide offensi ve. The ruling
bourgeoisie is more and more seek in g salvati on in fa scism ,
with the ob ject of in stituting exceptionally pred~to!y

measures agai nst the toile rs, preparing for an imperialist

war of plunder, attacking the Soyiet Un ion, enslavin g ~nd
partitio.nin g Chin a, and by all these means preventing
re\'olutlon.
: ~_ Imperiali st circles are endeavouring to place the 'Whol~
Durden of th e cri sis on the backs of the toilers.
That is
'I1!hy tll c), tl ecci fascism.

They are trying to solve the problem of markets by

enslaving the weak nati ons. by intensifying colonial
oppression and repartitioning the world anew by means of
war. That is why th ey need fascism.
They are strivin g to forest.all the growth of the forces
of revolution by smashing the revolutionary movement of
the workers and peasa nts and by undertaking a military
attack against the Soviet U'n ion-the bulwar\c of the world
proletariat. That is why tltey need fascism.
In a number of countries, Germany in particular, these
imperialist circles have succeeded, before the masses have
decisively turned towards revolution. in inHicting defeat on
the proletariat and establishing a fascist dictatorship.
But what is characteristic of the victory of fascism is
the fact that this victory, on the one hand, bears witness
to the weakness of the proletariat, disorganised and
paralysed by the disruptive Social-Democratic poticy of
class collaboration with the bourgeoisie, and, on the other,
expresses the weakness of the bourgeoisie itself, afraid of

Till!

W()1I1.: 1N C

C L"~5

the fl'(lliNllinll (I f tl IIllil l '" ~lru.:;.:'1c ."( the \~',?rl;:in g' cl,
Idmicl ,, ( n\'olul i,.m. lind no Jong.~r Ill , a I~OSIIlOIl 10 11l~~!I,

min its diCIllCOfShlJ) OWf tho:: ~lInssc5 t~~ tbe o ld IIIcthods 1'1.
bOllrJ:l-oi!> dl'IlHII,;rllc), I~n d l?n rh:lIl1t: n t (I~lsll\ .
. _ .
Of
Th l' , -iclOr,r of (:ISCI!o 1ll III ('l~i1ln ll .\. ,Colllr.I(I,C Stn li n s..~i
(II C/W

St'n'll lt'!' lI lh

.
the Sodcl Ulllon .

Congress

01

the

CO lllnl lllllSI

Part\'

01

.. Illust be rC'l;arded no t onl), as n s)'m~l orn.. of the \~t'~kn~.ss of I~

\,'orkin~ class and as:t n-sul! of the bC l r:l~ .1I o f the \~orklil':: d t
by Social Democracy. wh ich pll\'~1 th~. 11',a), for fascL slll: it 1l1~~~
alliO bt' rc,:."nrdl!d ;IS:l S,l ' mplonl of the \\C:lkn~ s~ o~ the l)()url;liSit
RS n 51-1111>10111 of the f;u.'1 Ih M the ~\lrJ::col s.'l: IS already IInab,'

10 rul~ tn' the okl IIIc rho<l!'i of pa,rll:llncnt ll nsn~ :111<1 oour~~oi:
democrac)" and, :l!'i :1 cOIISt"lucnce, Ii' ~~mpcl!ed Ill, Its home POlicy
to resort 10 terro ri stic Jl1~II1tx l s of adlllll\l!;tr:lt ioll- !I mllst h<: tal<t

as iI s."m plolll of the, f:l cl, tlwl it is no 'I?ngcr :Ible to find a \\"!l~
out, of Ihe present $o1111:1I1on ~n, Ih~ b,~SIS of .a ~peaceful foreign
policy, lis a consequence of \\ hlCh II I:; compctro.::d to reso rl to ~
polic)' of war,"
ThlJ Class Clltlwdo of Fa~cjSIl/,
Co mr:t<!es. :\s wns cor fecll ,\' ~ Iat ed by th c 'Thirte(!nth
Plenum of (he Executive Co nlln~lh:c of th e COIll.llIunisl
JnlcrlHlIionnl. fnsci :o m in power ]s tho open tC."?Tlst dic.
ta torship of the most rNlctiol~ar)' , m ost.. clW Il':'/11 lstic and

most impaialist l'kmol ts of /,I/allCe cap.,tal, ' .

'

The 11l0St r(':tCli onnry \"n fl c I,Y o f fa SCIs m ~ s till' (,Cfma~

I)'P~ of f."lscislll, II has rhe effronle,ry (o.cll il It sel f Nat ional.
Socialism
th oua-h having nothlll g" III comm on with
Socialism~
1'lit iCr fa sc ism is
not
o n ly
bo urgeois
natioll.1lis lll. it is besti~1 cha u\"ini s m , It is ~ go\'c rnment
system of politic'll banditry, a. S~'stc m of provoc~tion and
to rture pr.lc tised upon the workin g cI~ss and (h e, r~\olu.
tionar v elements o f rhe peasantry, the pelty bourgeOIsie and
the inl elligentsi~ .
It, is me~ie\'~1 barbari,ty <l:nd bes,tialily
in irs own cou ntn'
aggression In re lation to
. it IS unbridled
,
other nations and countries .
Germa.n fascism is acting as the spearhcad of inttt.

nationnl counter-revolution, as the chicf itlc'lIdiary of im.

perialist war, as the initiator of a cr'u,sade agai,lst th e SO'ilitl
Ullion, the great fa1hularld 0/ the /'0IIe'1S of t.he ,<uhole 1UO Tld,
Fascism is not a form of Slate power" standing abo\"t
both classes-t.he proletariat and the bourgeoi s ie," as 0110
Bauer. for instance, has asserted. It is not " the rc\'dI
of the lower middle-class which has seized the mac hine"

""S CI SM
7
f the S lrlte," as the Briti sh Soci:1iiSt Brn il!>ford (\ c<:\nrcs,
0,
fn scislIl is not su per.dass gover nment, nor J,:"ov.c rnmc nl
N,o'ihe pctt )' bourgeoisi e ur th e lum pcnprold:J rtat o~'c r
:inanco.:: cllpilal.
Ftl sc:is~ is the po\\:cr of fmon ee cnp:lt~'
;1I1I5:"ltlon of tcrronst
vengeance
agams'
itse II . It IS
' the or ....
b
,
'
fl
I e working class and the rc \'olllllOnar), sectI on 0,
l ~e
l ]ns:tn try nnd int elligentsia, In foreign policr. fa SCism IS
c~nu\'ini sm
. in ils crudes t form , fomen tin g bestial Iwtred of
other nallo ns,
Thi s. the true c h ~lm c ter of fa sc ism. must be particularly
strcs setl : because in a number of countri es f:--Iscis m. under
cover of socia l dema gogy. has nw nn ged to gni n th e following of Ihe pelly.bourgeoi.s ,nw sscs who have be~ n dri,:e n out
of their course by the CflS IS, and even of cert:lln sections of
,he mOSt bnckwn rd SHa ra of the proi ct ari :lt. These . would
ne\'c r IHl\'c s upported fnscism if they had undcrsrood LI S re.. l
dlss char:LCI<.'r nnd it s rrue n:tture,
The de vclopmen t of fascism, a nd of th e fascis l dict:llorship it self, assumes dif/c'rcllt. forms in different c~ntntfies.
according to histor ical, social ;:\nd eco nomic co nditi ons and
to the mitionnl pcculinrities nnd the int e rn:lti onnl posi tion of
the given co untry . In certain countri es, pr inc ipall y those
in whi ch fa scis m does nOt e njoy a broad mass basis and in
whi ch th e s iru ggle of rhe various groups withi n th e ca mp
of the fa scis t bo urgeoisie itself is f~irl y acute. fa scism docs
not immediately venture 10 abolish parliame nt, but allows the
other bourgeois parties, as well as th e Social-Democratic
parties, to re tain ;l certain degree of legt, lit y. In oth er coun
tries, where the ruling bourgeoisie fears a n ea'rly outbreak
of re\'o lurion , fa scis m hn s established it s unrest ri c ted political
monopoly, either immediately or by int e nsify ing its reign
of terro r aga ins t and persecution of all competing parties
and groups. This does not prevent fascism, when its. posilion becomes particularly acute, fro m endeavouring to exfl'nd its basis and without altering ils class nature, combmin.g
ope n terrorist di c tatorship with a crude sham
of
parliamentarism.
The accession to power of fascism is not an o.,di"ary
$lIccession of one bourgeois government by another, ' but a
s"bstit,ut,;on for one State fo rm of class domination of the
bourgeoisie bourgeois dcmocracy-of another form-open
terrorist dictatorship.
It ,,,ould be a serious mistake to
ignore this distinction, .a mistake which wO.uld prevent tho
"C" IN ST

8
T il l! W OII.Io: I SG C I. o\3S
rcn'o l ulio nnr)' p roletarillt (ro lll mo bil ising the broadest .!it
of , h,! lOi ler s of IOwn fi nd ~o ulllry (~r tI~c .s~r.II.~~ le l\g,,~~ta
the me nan: of the sciz uro: 01 I)()w~r ':1) t he ,[.I.S,C I SIS, . IU11l fr S\
l1iki ll ~ l,d\,llll lrlJ;C of the 1..'Oll l n td ICII O! IS, , ,Inel! e XISI in ~~
ca m p 01 the bo ur;::-t.'Oisic its elf, Bul II ,IS a Ill,st~lkc 110 I ,t
serious lind dllllj!crou s to lI"dc:rrale the IInpO,rlnnc c , ill es\ :~
fishing [he fascist d ic tators hip, of Ihe re(~C:I.I O tla~y II/I'al l(;

0/ the bOluglJoisi(' ~!Jjc" are

. ., . , , .

HI. iii C,

" '

prcse 'I~ .. j'IIIc, 1 ~I C '('lI sitlgrl

hOUff' ' 0/$ (l l: moc ,"/Ic cou'I,'T,. ~ measu res wi ')'
<:>"
n
(. , f I
11th

n.'

are dcsiJ; lItXl to destroy Ih~ (h'!JI1ocr~IIt:.. I l~ r I ~S 0 t I,e toi lers

to distort ,lI1 el c urwil the rig ht s of " .rI' ,IIJ1ent .tnd to lIHCllsif:
th e repression o f the revolul io na ry JIIo\(:m ~n l. .
)
Comrades, Ihe IIccession. ~o power ~f InscIsll.I IIlUSt nOt
be conceived of in so simp hlled and . .sm ~? t~1 .,1 form, us
th o tllr h some cOlllmilll.'c or ot h c~ of .flll ancc ~"Ipllnl decided
o n II ('crtll;n date to.scl up .:. fascl~1 d lclalOrslu p. In rcalil\'
fa sc ism usua ll y cOllies 10 power In th e co ursc o f ,I 1l1Utu<i!'

llnd fit limes sc\'ere, Si ruggle bctwct:1l .t hc. o ld buurCeoi'

p..'lrties. or a definit e ~'CI ~on of these 1~:I.r~les, 1.11 th e C?urse o~
a s truggle . c\'e n . WIIIIIO .t he fasci s t., C~IllP . ".St::lf_ a
struggle Whi Ch ilt tunes Icads to .armed c!.ls h cs. as \\c havt
witn essed in the case of German y, Au stria .'l nd o th er COUn.
(ries. All this, how(:\'er, docs nOI. detr:'lcl from. the (<lCI Ihal
before the eSlllblishmcnl of a faSC is t dlct:ltorsillp. bourgeois
g overnments II sually ,,:ISS through a .!lumbe r of preliminary
s tages and ins titute a num~r o f reactiona ry mea~urcs. \\'hic~
directly fa cilitate th e acc~l on to power of faSCism. Who.
ever does not fight the reactionary meas ures of the bourgcoiSit
;:and the g rowth of fascism al tI~ese prepa r~lt ~ ry s tages. is no/

in 4 posi/;OIl /0 pretlcn.t l.he 'VIctory of faSCIsm . but,

contrary. facilitates that vIctory.

On

lh t

The Social-Democra tic leaders g lossed ov~r and con~caled

from the masses the true class nature of fasCi s m , and did nOI
call them to the slruggle against Ihe increasingly reaclionary
measures of {hI! bourgeoisie.
They bear great historical
responsibility for the fact th~t, at the de~i~ive moment of tht
fascist offensive, a large sectIOn of the tOIlIng masses of Ger.
many and a number of other fascist countries failed to recog.
nise in fascism the most bloodthirsty monster of finan ce, tnti,
most vicious enemy, ;tnd that these masses were not prepared

to resist u.
What is the source of the in8uence enjoyed by fascism
over the masses? Fascism is able to attract the masses because

A GA I !'oIST VAs e l S '!

il 11 111ke." ;:, ,1t '1r1 :It,:"I!i o' " ppt';ol 111 lht"ir m l'> .\ 1 urg"u l ,,,,,ds (ru d
'/"/Il l/lId , .
1::I",i:-.IH 11 , ,1 ' Jl ll .\ il ll1; ," w .... J.fOjud i... ... tll;,t ;11 "
d ec pl y illt,:T,li ll"d ill rIll' III ; ' ........ ..,. hil i al. . (, pi ;" .... {, II lin' b",l o'r
:'rn1itll t' lI l:-' ur lilt" 111:. .........':-.. 1111 IIwir :-.,' 11 "',' "f jll .... l i,.. and ~lJ lll c
lillII':' ,'\" '11 "11 t ll , ir r,\ " lllli "I1 ;,r~ t r adllion :-.. \V hy d n IIII'
C; c rlll ,l rl (;I ~t' i :-. I"'. 1111 /.... ' beh,')':- ( , I... l, iJ..:" I) f "lr ~clli~il' ;'IHI
J1 wrt :l l Illtmi, ... 1'( S.w ;ali "' 1I1 , (o'pn' ''''' nl l\i,m:-.,I,cs I', ,111"
IlIa :-.:-':- :1"; .. S'" i; di :-.I:-. .' ;1II t! tI" pit'l IIwir ;u'1'(...... io:1 10 pr.wcr
: I ~ ;1 .. (I\"llIIilln .. !'
I k' : III ~t t i ll' \' II' \' ,0 "x"loil Ihc fai l h
in I'C\'U lllt il)ll , lilt' Ilr).! .. i(Jw:lfIl ... SOI" i;di ~ ll1 , w hidl I;\'e in 1110'
h eartS o f t il\' bl'lJ;,d rl1 lt:-."c~ f,f Ih .. \( ,i ll'r~ f C; l'rm:'Il Y.
F ;lst;isl11 : II:IS in 1110; in',rc..;ls (.f IlL" exl r'Ill" imp,rialists.
!Ju t il prc :" 'nl ~ it:"' lr 10 IIII' 11l:ISSo; .... ;11 Ill ,' g' ll ;";,' of c!t :. lllp;on

of :1I1 il l-lre;II ,d n a lil "l , ;Ind :lppe,lb 1" '1IIIr:I;..:', ,1 l1;u;.,n:l \ S(; I\
limcn l:'. :,S (; crln:,11 f"'icbm d id. f, ' I' ;11"'1:l n, ", WII('I1 i l Wf)1l tlu:

"f
Trl'a t)'!"

S lI PP[)rI

Iii,' 1I1:I .... S VS 1>\ Ihc :--1,,)...:;111 . . . \

;.!., in sl thc Vl'rsa illes

f,f Ihe
nHl S.<;CS, hut it :1) pl':II:, to IIH'm wilh th e n ll ):-.\ a rtfu l antiF :ISC islll :oim s a l Ih,

1l10~ t

u nhritlkd

~:x p l C) il :lli(j n

capitaiisl d I.' 11l:1gog~. I:"dn ;.! a d\,:lHt:I.:..!1.' ,,( llie p rufoll nd h:Hrc:d

clltcrla in(;d II\' th c loi lers for III,' p ira lica l

b{) lIq! ( 'l)i~ if' , Ihe

b.. nks . tr\l SIS :md I h e lin:,IH.;;al 1ll ~1i.! n a tc s. a n d ;)(kancing

slOg'a ns which at th e g'ivcn 111(}IIW111 <lrc IllOSI allurin g' 10 the
politic.'l ll ), imlll:uure masses. In C (' !'11WIl Y- " T he j:!c ncra l
wel fare is highc r than thc welfare of the ind i\' idual ": i l~ It:lly
-" Our State is nOI a c:1 pilali~1, hut :1 c))rpor~l\e St~I I C " : in
Jt1pnn- " For J:lP:I\I. withoul cxploil:llir)1l " ; in the U nit cd
5I al ('s- " S ha r e th c wc:tlth," and so fo rth.
Fasc is m dclivcr ~ li p thc pco ple to hc devo ured by the most
corrupt. mos t \'cna l cle mcot s. but COlllcS before th em with th e
dcmtl nd fo r " an hon est and in corruptible go\,ernme nt."
Specul:1 ting- on the profo und di sillus io nm cnl of th e masses in
bou rgeois-<Iemocrali c govc rnmcnt~, fa~cis m 11YPol.: riticall y de.
nOlln ccs corruptio n (for in st:lll(,c. the B ~mn a t a nd S ida rek
affairs in German y, th e S tavis kv
. affair in Fr::lO ce , a nd
num ero us others) .
It is in th e int erests of the most reacti o na ry circl es of the
bourgeo isie that fa sc is m intercepls the di sa ppointed m asses as
l~lCY leave th c o ld bo urgeois parti es. But it mak es an impresSion o n these l1lass~s b~' th e sC'i:c rity 0/ it.s attack s o n bo urgeois
governments and 11 5 Irreco ncilab le altitude to wa rds the old
bourgeois parties.

Surpassing in ils cy nici s m and h y p ocri sy all other varieties

,
T il l!
" I

'

n fll l(m al

P"

CI,IISS
.

fasci sm

li;,rilic...: of rhe ,'arious social ~lra l ;1

~:!1Ilc ('oli n.
!Il aS:-":S, c\\ n . :-it:ctltln of I h~
\\,;1111, ull emp loy m ellt lind II
. '
I
.
1<:
(all , ' I C!llll to I h ; SOCial and

.
-\nd d1t~ p c ll )"_ho urt:!cnlsIr.'. .
I ' I' dcsilfli r h \'
workers rc( w.;~'( 0
".
inSC(':u ri; r o( Ihdr cxistC Il ~C,
ch:tu "j n
(/CIlI3:;:'Ogy o f f n$C ISIl1.

is
,
Fascism cornes 10

II,' 0 ,1<" ,:l,"!. I '.('.

t""ty of (l1/ .,CI.: Ol~ ~1.I C revoh,.

' ionan' JIl O \ 'C Ill C nl of the p ro ICI;lfI:l': O!l tI~c .m. I!j~S of !he
x--o l ie who MC in :l Sl:1fC 0 1 un rest: ~ (., II SI. I g'C~ 1!:os . \Ct:~SSIOIl
I
I .
_, ' I .. rc\'ollll ion:u\' ., mOVc lll ent ag:l1llsl the bOut
to po\\cr:t:; .
~
.
". ,11 " ,,
'
.'
"'I,
',lf
0 1" ",e wh ole n:lt10n
.L H .
or
It! s:I I\,",
" COI:;tC o n vC
I ' ., "
".
'11"': 0 11 , ,01
' I I lC 11.1" ' 10 11. ( I <: t It -" rcc:lll ~ I \l sso tIll
:-;
Ill
;)rch"
on
II - I ' N '
"1
I
'
k"
'
"
",
'-eh
..
o
n
\
Var:-;;)\\,.
II e.:r S I ,:tl loo"l
I
f
I )
...
R ollle 1 I s u< !"> I : ; "
S ' l: ~(" rC\'ol ul ion ., in Gc rm:tI1Y a ll.< so or! 1.
OCJ~~I::S whatevcr th e Ill .:lsks whi.ch f:t:-;cI s m adop ls. whatC\,<:r
' I 'el " Ilrcsenl s Ii se lf, W!t:ltc\'c r the ways h,-.
Ih eorms
IOwlI11
r
which it comes to po\\'cr.
.
power

; IS ; '

jtlsl:ism is a most ferocio lls allacl~ by caplllll 0 11 Ille lU lling

masses,'
I
-,
- m. IS
- /I " , ,'(1/-,/
chllwJ
;1Iism (t1l1 1I1/1IC.\'(liI0l1ISi
'w ar'
ascis
t
'
"
f
fl/scism is rabid 71'I/cl i on allil COIIJl/er-7c'Vofll/'.0 1l "
fascis m is Ill c most "'iciolls encm y 0/ tlte mor!:lIIg clas,~ lilltl
of all th e toilers I
,,
'
What Does Vic/o riolls FaSCIsm B"TII~g for t",c, Ma sses?

F:lscism pro mised the workers ., ;\ ftllr W<l gc, but aC lually
it has bro ught them t o an even Jower, a pauper s tandard o f Ii\'.
'q
I, Il romiscd work for the unemployed, rbut :lctua
ll y has
'
brotl c,ht "Will even more painful torme nt s 0 s t<lrvatlon, and
cornl~l l sor)'J servi le la bour. It actu:" lI y, co nvc.rts the ,workers
.and unemployed into pari.ahs,of capllal~sl socie t y st nppe~ or
rights, destroys th eir trad~ UnJon~; d epn~'es them o f th e ri ght
to strike and to have th e ir worklll g clas~ prcs~, fo~ce~ them
into fa scist organisations, plunders (heir .soc l,a1 1I1Sur.a nce
funds and transforms the mills nnd factori es 111(0 barracks
where th e unbridled arbitrary rule of the cap itilli s ts prevails.
Fascism promised the toiling youth a broa? hi,ghway to a
brilliant future. But actually it h;1S brought wuh It whol est.111'
dismissals of young workers, labour camps and co ntinuous
military drilling for a war of conquest.
Fascism promised the non-maU1,al worker.,;, til e. pelty
officials and the intclleCl1wlf to ensure them SCC llrJt y . of
existence, to destroy the ommpotence of the trusts and Wipe

,n.,

A O AINST

tHhlf'l !> liS (C[Jl; I ::;'~ ;::-)' 10 HI..

" / ',_ of c~ch c ountf\', alld ,""' 11 10 the 1' - .
c'" ,/fIrl
/I ."
. '
I I
t el:.

(I( l>our'<coi s re:lc l iOll .

WO IIK , NO

"AS C ISM

11

o ul prolitccri ng by bnnk ca pital. But actuall y it hns bro l ~g lll

Ihelll an C\'en ~rcatc r deg ree.: of hopclessne:,s and uncertalnt)'
as 10 ahc mo rrow; ia is s uhjecl ing ahem 10 a new bure:lUcracy
made.: up of Ih c IllUSI compliant of ias followe rs, it is sett ing up
,:an intOler:lble , di ctalOrship of the trllsts. ,"lnc.l (osters corruption
lind dege ncratlO n 10:111 unprecnlelHcd exten t.
F:lscism prorni s(:<i Ihe ruined :lIld impo\'e rished peasants to
1)111 an e.:nd 10 (Iell , bomb!;",,:. to abolish re n~ 3n~ eve n.' o
al ienate the landed estates w itho ut com pen satio n, In the 10
terestS of Ihe.: landless .!Od impo\'crish cd pcnsan ls.
But
actu;llIy it is placi ng- !he toiling pe.ISants in a sta te o f unpre
Ct..'(lc.:nwd scr\"iwde.: to the t rus ts and Ihe bscist state nppamllls,
; In(\ prOIll QleS th e exploiw tion o f t he g rea t mass of the
peas,lI1try by the big- ngr:lrians, t he bnnks and the us urers to
the \'c ry utmost limit.
.. Germany wi ll ben peaS.lIH country. o r wi ll n ot be at all,"
Hi tler so lemn ly dcclan:x.I, And what did the pensa nt s of G er.
\II;ln)' gel undc r H it ler? A 1ll0mloriu Ill , which lias a lready
bee n c,ancelled't O r a law on the inh e ritance o f peasant
property, whi ch is res ultin g in millio ns of son s and daughters
of peasa nt s being squeezed Ollt of thc \' ilb ges and reduced to
paupers? F:irm bbourcrs ha ':e bee n tra nsformed into semi.
se rfs d ep rived even of th e clem e n t:l ry right o f free m ove ment.
Toiling p easa nlS h<l\"c becn deprived o f the opportunity o f
selling the produce of their farm s in the marke t.
And in Poland?
"The Po li sh peasant," says the Poli sh newspaper Czos,
" employs methods :Ind menn s w hich were used perha ps only in
the ~I i ddl e Ages : he nurscs the fire in hi s stove and le nd s it to his
neighbour; he s plit s matches into SC\'c ral parts ; he lends dirty
soapwater to o the rs; he boils herring barrcls in order to obtain
sa lt water. This is not a fable , but the actual state of affairs in
the countryside, of the t ruth o f which anybody may convince
him self. "
And it is n o t Co mmunist s who write this, comrades, but
a Polish reactiona ry n ews paper!
But this is b y no means a ll .
, Every day, in the conce ntratio n camps of fascist Germany,
~n thc cellars o f the G estapo (German secret police),
tn the ,tor~ure c hamber~ of !'o lan<!. in the cells of the Bulgarian
and [-mnl s h sec rc t po llee, In the' Glavll)'acha. " in Belgrade
in the RlItll~lIlia ll " S iguran ,m," and on the Italia.n islands:
SOIllC of the best sons of th e working class, revolutionary
peasants, fightcrs for the splendid future of mankind, are


Till!

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_I 55 in IIwny c;:lpilalis l Coulltrl es . Vol um cs cann o t ,g Ive a
ju~~ pictu re o f the countless brul3liti es inni ctcd by fa SC is m on
b

the toil ers .

\Vilh feelin gs o f profound e nl uti on and hatred f?r lhe

' ,butche rs wc lowc r th e banners o f thc COllllnunl sl In.
f" s c t S ,
lernalional before the unforgettabl~ mcmory 0 f J'
0 In S,
Cleer,

Sch ul z and
Liiu ge ns
In G C fl~I;IJl )' . J( ~l oman
Vt'allisch and lI'1iini chrcit cr in }-~lIstrt a, S:ill a l .and
Furst in Hun g ary . K ofardzhi cv , Lultbrodsky and VOlko\,
in Bulgaria- before I~lt! memory of thousands and ,th ~ u s~nds

Fiete

of Communi sts , SOCial-Democrat s and no~-p[l:I ) \~orkcr~,

peasants and representatives

of

13

h.id d ow n Ilte ir liVes in the Stru gglc a g ai ns t fa scbm.

\\ Fru ltl tll i:-. plalfurm we g recl tile katlcr uf Ih e (;crrn" n pru
Ictaria t aud tlte hOIl"r .. r), c hal!"!u an ,A our Cun g r t::-.~Coill..
flU.! e Tlt iilm ann .
\ Ve g r" et CO lll f"d e:. H.;,ku$l, (jr:llllscl,
;\!ll ik:ti Ii CIl .l lld J. I';l no\, . \ Ve greet lite leader of Ih e
S p;'lI i S~ 1 Sv~i;di :-',l ~ . C,.h;o1 lt-ro, illl p n :-.oncd by the cU.lln ~t!T .
re\'U IIlIl') 1l :1r l<" ~ ; 1 0111 .\ l oo l1 e )"
wlto 1L; . ~ h l:c ll b ng lll s illn g
in priso n fvr eig h lt'c n Ye;' 1' :-', and the IhOUS3 nd :. (,I
o d lcr pl' i ~u ncI s " f C; lpil ; ']i ~ 1Il ;111(\ I il :..t.:i S i ll , a nd we sa y to
!lll'lll; .. B rvllic rs i n I.lt e li h' lt l, b rvt lll.:r ~ i n "r ill S, y ou arc !lVI
(org-o u c n. \ Ve ;! fe w !lh yo u . "',I e sh;ll! h'il'c every huur of
o ur li v.:s, o.:\CI")' d r"p of ollr bllliJ-d, Ill f your l1\)cr; ' li o ll , :Jnd for
lite lih t:r;,t i()11 o f all toilc rs , fru il) IIt C :,hamdul re~ lllle
' Ill. "
of f a SCIS
C Oll1radcs , il W;-IS 1. I n in who war ncd us th:H tin: b ourgeo is ie
lila), succ ccd in ove rw he lm ing lite wil ers by s.tva ge te rro r , in
chec kin g lit e gro win g forn:s of rev ulutiun IIJr hud peri ud s of
limC, but Ih al , n cve rth eless , t h is would nut sa ve it from it s
'110 ltll\,l;

t Lllla l l

.
1'l"l' :-t' IWt'

"As e iIM

the progressive tntciltgentsI3

doom.

.. Life, " Lenin w role , " wi ll a sse rt ilself. Let t he bo urgeoi sie
rave, wo rk il se lf into ; 1 fr eln:)' . OV CHln t h in g ... . com m it s l u p ld itic!:>,
take \'cng-ca nce in advance o n the Bolshc\' iks a nd cndeavour to
kiU ofT (in Ind ia, Hu ng ary, c..;ernwny, CI C,) . e x Ira hu nd red s,
thollsand s, a nd hllnd rcd~ of t hous'lI1d s of ycs terd ay's or to
morrow' s Bolshevi ks . Ac t inJ.: t hus, t hc bourgeoi s ic nc t s ;IS all
classes doolTled 10 des tr uction by hi story ha\'c ac t c(!. Com muni st s
should know t hat at all evcn t s th e futur c bclongs to them; and
therefore we c an, 'Hld ITlll s t, combi ne the most intcn se passion in
the great reVOlut io na ry s t r ugg- Ie with the cooles t a nd mos t sober
estimation. of th e frcnzied con\' ul sions o f th e bourgeo is ie. ".
Ayc, If we and the pro leta riat o f th e whol e world firml v
fO.l1ow t!lC I~ath i~di c:lIC<i by Lcnin and Stalin , the bourgeoisie
will pco s h rn S pltC o f everythi n g.

Is the Victory 0/ Fasci sm inc'V itabTc!

Wh y was it that f.1scism cou ld triumph, and how'!
Fascisn~ is th c mos t vicious enemy of the working class
and the lOllers. FH sc ism is the e n e my o f nine-tenths of the
German pcoplc. ninc-I e nth s of th e Austrian people, nin~
tenths of th c other peoples in fasc ist co untries. How, in what
way,. cO~lld this vicious e nemy triumph?
l'asc lsm was able to come to power primarih, because the
.working class, ow in g [0 th e poli cy o f class collabo ratio n with
Lenin. " Lcjl-JVillg" Cummunism,
pp, 100-01.

atl

In/antile Disorder,

T il lit

~hp ll ir l

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nf p r,lk t:lrrtHl r .. \ ,: I ,I n
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(1\'t'r 10 I ICC: " ~ .,{I sO (ktcSlcd b\' Ih t ' p eople . the exCe "
'ol \'c th e 1\'. (.11 , . "
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D' I I
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( '\"'n ' mon' me n! o r Ih e IH'OP c!
I( .1 ley Strike
(lnl1I; r Of ~ .; . , I V (If Coi l r, o blt:!' [lil d :H th e IIlIg-ht o f the
a l ,11\: :lSCl ~ t p.lr.
.
f , ,,, . ,I ' f f '
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II I
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11('11011 :1.:.!":llIl s t I Ie \I C '
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, , 'oll'lri ,- to .".In '1 ma jo rity in t Ie Dri eS par .a m e nt , laws
ile . , t:!'>
:--"

I
lin d -'r wi ' I
which pc n:d ised po pul:!r 1II 0 \'Cl11e nt s , ,:lWS . e ., lI C 1 the
IlI'ro;c mine r s of :\ sltlri:ls arc no w beI n g trl cd, . I.h ey had
pt.';I ~lIIl1 S wh o we rc fi g-hting- fo r land s h o t by the C Ivil G uard,
0(111110 11, I

"

I "

i.,

o n,
Th i~ i~ tI)(.' W:"I\' in w hic h th e Soc ial-D c l1l ocra t ~, by dis.
org-.1 n ising ,Inc! ; plitting- th e r.~nk 5. o f t h e w~r~lng c1~,
cle.1 rt.' d thc p .llh 10 powc r fo r fa SC is m In Gcrm:ln ) . In Austrta,
in Sp:li n.
Comr;ldes, fa scis m also t ri umph ~d fo r Ih e rcn~on that ,the
M~7J.riat found il self iso l:ll cd fro lll liS n:l tural a lli es , [-':lSClsm
irillrnph ed bec~\Use it W:lS abl e to will over /a,rgc ma sses oj
tht petlso nlry, ow in g to th e fa c t tlwI the Socla l-De m?c rats,
in t he name o f th e wo rkin g class. purs ue d what was In fa ct
,1IIe1 S(l

a n nnti-pcas.'lnt policy. The pc;lsa nt ~'l w ~n P? wcr a number I

of S oc ial-De m oc rati c gove rnme nt s. whi c h In hi S eyes were an
e mbodime nt of the power of the wo rking class , but no t one
of the m pllt an e nd to peasant want, no ne of th e m gave land
10 the pcas.'l ntry.
In Germany , the Social-Democrats did nOI
touch the landlords i they combat4!d the strikes of the agri-

AfJ AJ NST "A' C I S~I

'7
cuUuwl wurkers,. w illi tllc rcsult Ih:1I 1011 1-:' h cror e Il i lier etilil e
p()wcr tll c 1I gnc llllllr:o l work , r:. o f G"rln ;ln y were ahand u n!~I: . hc n.:fonui :-Ol Ifadc li n io n:. I, ntl in Ihe m a jo ril ), of eascs
~~'erc ~tJing' uver 10 Ih c Slalilhc\11I IlIld 10 liLt; Nlilio nal~
S ucia lislS.
F ascislII als(J trilllllpli etl ror I h e rca so n tha t it wa s nhl e t o
pcnc!ral c thc r:lnl. s o r Il le :0'0 11 //1, wl lc rcils the Social- D c mocr:l t5 <.I i "crl cd II Ie WI .rI, i ng- c1as.'., Y(ll1t II rrom 1he class "1 ruggle ,
wh ile thc rC\'olll t iullary p rolctari:iI did nOI de velop the necesSilTy cdUt;aliolwl W(.rI, :11ll 0 n!: thc youth and did not d cvole
s llOicic l1 1 a t tcllti o n 10 I he stfl lg'g- Ie r o r its :-opcci t!e i n "';(eSIS a nd
dClII lI lH.l S. Fasc ism g r:,s ped th e vc ry ;H' ute need o f Ih e ),olHh
(or mil ila n I a Cl ivi l), . and e llti ccu a co n si d e r:.b le S(:(:lio n of th e
youth inl o its light in g' d e tac h mc nt s . T~ .c new ~e l1 c r a ti o n of
yo ung . l.nc ll ;lIId w Olllen II :I\'(; not. cx pc fl c nccd t he b ~ rro T ~ .of
w:lt. I hey h:4\'c fell the fu ll wCIg'hl o f Ihe cco nOl11l C c n SIS,
u nemplo y m c n t , a nd th e di s intcgra l ion o f bo u rgeois dcmocracy . B UI, sce ing 11 0 prospects fo r I h e fUlll rc, large number s
of yo un g' peo p le h;"'e pro\'cd to be p a rtic ularl y rece pt ivc to
f:-..scis t demagog")" , whi c h d e p ic ted fo r th t.:1ll ;1\1 allurin g (uture
should fa scis m s ucceed,
In thi s conn ect io n , we c.a nn o t ' '''ui d rder ri n g al so t o a
num ber of mistakes cQmmi/kd 1; ,\' lile Com III IlIlisl PlIrlics .
mista ke.s that h a mpered o ur 5tr\l ~g'l e again ~ t fa .scism,
In ou r mnk.s th e re were peo pl e who intolerably underrated
th e f:l scist (bn gcr, a tende n cy whic h 11:15 n o t eve rywhe re bee n
ove rcome to thi s day , O( th is na turc wns the o p inio n form e rl y
10 be m c t wilh in o m P arties t o the e ffec t that" Germany
is no t Itnly." Illc:l nin g th 'l{ fa scism may h a v e s ucceeded in
lwly, but th a t it s s uccess in Ge rm a n y W;:IS ou t of th e qu estio n,

because the killer W' .15 an indu slria lly a nd culturall y h ighl y
developed co untry, with fo rt y years o f t radi ti o n s o f the wo rking c1as5 m ove m c nt , in which fa s cis m was impossible, O f
the kind 'Of opini o n whic h is to be m e t with no wadays, to the
clTcct ~hat in co,untr ies of " c1~ss i ca l 11 bo urgeois democracy
the SO il fo r fa SCis m d oes no t eX ISt. S uch o pini o ns may serv e
and have se rved to weake n vi g ilance with rega rd to the fascist
d a nger, and to re nder th e m o bili sation of the proletariat in th e
s truggle :lgains ! fa sc is m Ill o re diffic ult.
One mig lH"al SO c it e a number of in s tances in which Communist~ wefe cau g ht una \\'mes by th e fasc is t co up . R e member
BulgafJa, wh e re (he leade rs hip of o ur Party took up a
.. neutral," but in fac t opportuni s t , p osition with regard to the


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W(I.KINO

C I. A55

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\\111"1\ Natu)Il',1 -, , .' :
t

1Il :\s..<:e~"r tl ~e \ cr~rlll o.:"I s;I;lIrv an d t he pett ." bourgcoisie.

Iht' \'.lti llaIl O :< 0

yc,.\I p "',c',,

tie
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,Ho,rr:u nrnc o f soc ial

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111I',r wcrc atc ,111 .; . 7d whcn Ih ey did pllt it fo rward the)'
lIal i,III:l,r el1l:1I1Clp:lIlOll: ,II II 'co nc-r('[e d cmand s an d the IC\'f~1
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wl e c.'
f
tri "s thc necCss.... n d e\"d o pmc nt of a
I II fl ,Ilumbc.r ~, r~,~ cl~ .,I : ", e~\. ~s rI, ,)laccd I), stcri l e ha ir splil.
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s('daoa n a

1:>

o litic.d problems of th e Part),.

. '
P d ' " ot si mpl y bcc:t llsc wc \\ ~\Ilt 10 di g up the
Com ra es, II ~.s n th e CHiseS o f the victo ry of fasci s m, that
f

tI~u l we slpe", .otor'ca l ~espo nsibilily o f th c Socia l-Demo.

we POint 10 tIC
li S
d f
fI.thc workin c, class, 3n d tl In t \\C a1so
past

cralS fo r l h e e cat '?st kcs in th e fi g hl agai n s t fa scis m. Wt

n 011 a
I"
PO int Oul o ur ow
' an divorced from living rca 11)': wc, actlrt
h
are n ot Isto n. 5 .
bl' cd to answcr th e quesfi It rs of the wo rkln " closs. a re 0 Ig
.
,J!" 1 C .
nti n:: milli o ns o f wo rke rs: Can til e 'V Ict Ory
li o n that IS to rm e
1:> I
d I
? I\nd we rep ly to thCSt
0/ fascis m be prC'i1ctllc( arl
10""

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. . .s co mrades th c ro.ld In tI e W:l) d
milti nlls 0 r wo r k'ers: \ , ....
,
. .. .
.
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b bl k xl
It is '1uit e p OSSibl e ,
t e p c ll < S 011
h!i'CISI11 can c DC C .
d 11 tl e to' Ie !
~l; rscl\'es-on the wo rke rs, the peas.'lnIS an a
\ . I rs

Whether the victory of fascism can be prevented depend!

. till' /i,," 1'111"., "II IIII' m ililanI IlI'li\' il ),

,,"orkinI.!' ,1;...... il .... I(. "II "' I"' I ~' . , ". ... (" .., ......
/II

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tli ,

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~:Id

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11:0\'101 ;": ... la lol i ... I,, " il !'> li:,! I"i'l ).! IInit )'. tlte
' lfOIo-Ia l'i:' 1 ",,," 1.1 IJ:l r:o! p ... II,.. i n nlll nc. (,f fa .... i:-1I1 " vc r IIH'
:ICIIS:'lIlr ): , 1111" .IWll y 1" "l f j.!," is i. , ,( Ih, ' 1"wnS, .1111': ),OHI II :t.ncl
the inldl lj.,: ,nl:-,I:t. alld wuuld he :.\'1, I" IlClllr: t " ~k onc scctl on
:," .1 win , /\,('r ;, III'II " ' r "'c,l i'JIJ .
( :, 'o( j .. lI1.

...,co"d . ie d " pc nd s 1111 Ihe esi o; t"IH' " nf a SHo ng: fI!volutiotw ry Pi ll'I)' , ("orn'I'lI y le:tdint! lit, s lnlj:!g:le o f the loil ers
aj:!"lIin s t fa sci s m. i\ pari )' whkh :-.ys ltmalic a ll y c:111 s on th e
workers to relf,,:,t in thc fm; e o f fa sc i sm and perrnils l he
r;t ~ i S I bo uq!,clli sic 10 slrcllJ.!""l1'n ils 1)"';1110n s w ill inc\'i tahly
lend the workers 10 dlfe:tl.
"/"lIi"l . it d"pencl s n n whether a I"nrr(.'I"1 poli cy is purs ued
by the worki n /! class Inwards tl ... JlC"as."'Intr~ and til(' IWll ybOll rg-,"Ois m :lsSes nf th e lo wn s. Tlil'se rn:.sscs 111I1SI he II,k e n
as th cy an'. :,nd 1101 :IS We should li l.e 10 ha\"C ' hem. II is
o n l" in Ihe prncc!"!' (,f thc slru g';.! le Ilwl th c), will ove rco me
th ei r doubt s :lnd v.1 cill:lIions. 11 is o nl \" provided we adop t
l"I p:tti ent altilud e Inw:l rd!" th eir incvitable v;lci li ntions. il is
onl y with t he political hel p of thc prolc tnrial , th nt they will
be nble 10 risc 10 a hi g-he r 1e" cl of rcvoluti o nary consc if) usn(.~s
:! ncl activit y.
FOllrl h. it d epend ... on whelh e r th e revoluti o n:!r\' prnll'_
13ri:!1 excrc ise!" \'ig-i lnm:e and takcs ac tion at Ihc proPer tim e.
It mu s t nOI :lllnw fa ~is l1l to calc h it unawares, it must no t
s urre nde r th e initinl i\'c 10 fa!'C ism, it mu s t inflict dec is ive
blows on th e Inllcr hefnre it can g":lthcr its fo rces, it must n o t
rellow fn sc is m to con so lid:l t(' its position , it mu s t repcl f:lsci s m
wh ereve r nnd whc neve r it mnnifcsts it sclf, it mu s t nOt a ll ow
fn scis m to ~ nin new position~n ll o f which the Frc n c h
proletarin t is dning- so s u cccs.... full \'.
Thc!"C a re thc main condi t io ns' for preve nt ing thc g ro wth
of fascism Ilnd it!" ncccs!"io n to power .

Fascis m- a

FCTOcioll'.'i

but U nstable Power

Th e fn scist di ctat o rship o f the bourgeoiSie is a fe roc io us

powcr but a n uns ta ble onc .
Wh a t arc the chi e f C.-1. USCs o f Ih e in stability of the fa scjst
dictato rship?
While fa scis m has und e rt a k c n to Ov e rcom e the discord
and ontagonisms within the bourgeois camp, it is render&n.J!
these antagonisms even more acute. Fascism endeavours to


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C t. A"

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it" Ill :ls'<; hasis.

. F u r lhcrmmc. Ihc s uccess of fasci:;m :trou ses t hc profOUnd
ha ired n ne! i n d i~n:tri(lJl of rh e 11I ~ls~e!' . "c1 p~ to revollltion i~
,h elll :t 1l(1 pro \'idcs :t powcrful s tlill ul us for :I un itcd fro nt of
ih c pro lc l.'lTi:tt :1,Z"ain;,;I f.1sc is m .
R" co nd uc t in g- :t po licy of eco n oJl1i~ n n ti o nali s m (au!,
.) ond b, seizin"'- the !!rc.1te r p o r llo n o f th e na tion-I
:irc," " .
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in(Ylm p for Ihe purpo ~es o f prcp:lfI ll g- o r wa r . :lSc tsm under.

' nes the whol e eco nomi c life o f the co un tr y nnd ncce muales

, e

..

conniets thnt Mise am ong th e .b~urg'eol St~ I Ie e a ra,cler cI

sham and at times bloody COIl 1510.n 5. whi ch un dermme tht
o;labilitv of the f:'lscist st:Jtc powe r In th e eyes of th e J>eOplt
A government which murders its ow n fo ll owers , .as was t~
case in Germany on June 30 of last year. a faSCist g overn.
ment :'lg'ainst which another sectio n of t,he fnseist, b~urgeoi~
is l."Onducling an armed fight (the Nat IO nal-Socialist putsel

in Austria and the violent attacks of individual fascist group

I\ nl\ l NS T

~I\S C I 5~ 1

(Ill IIII' fa ~w i ~ t govNIl Illt'llt S ill I'ol:l n<l . BlI lg;,ria. F in lnnd [11\(1
"tll (' r ' 01lllt';" .. ) ;, ;":"" "1"1 11110 ' 111 "f l1t i~ (' 11;, ra('t,( canl101 fo r
lou " 111 ;, 111 1.' "1 ;1" ;,11111,,1'1 11' III ill+' " ' , ... "f th,' l,ro :.11 pt,, ),
.
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llIa "M~

'I' ll,' w" rl{ing .-1 ;, .... 111 11 S1 h. .. l,t, to t:.lo ;,t1vanli'l.,::e (,f tiLt.:
ullta g" ,,"i ~ 111 .s a nd c"ntlil't :"' wilhi n til\' hOllrg "" is (':lmp, bill it
rlll1 ~t 11101 C'l lI'ri ... h t h,' illl1 ... i" n lli ;'1 fa ~ci.s 11l wi ll ('xl1a llSt it se lf
of it s ow n :UC(rr<1. 1 :;.:-.ci~1lI will not c(, lI:IJI~c :i IlI Om:l 1ic:lll y,
It is o nl\' tlu r"\,,,1IIIi .. n:l (\' ;u' l ivit \' of the worki n g: class
which (': Ul lH. .lp Ir, I:,k. :,th ;ul l:tgt.: o f tht.: cu n n ie ls whi ch incvit.
:\hl y nri ~,' within th e hrHl rgc(ris ";1 11111 in orde r 10 unde rmin e
th e'(;lsc i;,; t di c ta tors hip :111d to ov(rrhrow it.
11\'
~ till' relil'S of h (' l1f"(:O
, d t'sl n' .\ ' in .'"' ; S de m ocra cv' , h )
cl c":ltin g open vioknl:C to :l Sys lt! lll o f ;.!(-'\,c r nmc nt. fa seism
. . hak es d .IllIl,r;lt;c ;1I11 ~ i() n s :llld I1 lld ,rtn in.s Ih e nu th o ri l), of
l ire 1:Jw i n lllt! ty.:", o f till' toilin l-!' lll :tS:'"it;S, Thi s is p:lrti c l1lnri ),
Ihe casc ;n cCJlI lllrie:"' Sll d l a;,;. for ,x ample . A us tria :.l lH l S p:tin.
where Iht! workers have I:l].(en li p arm s :lgain sl fasc is m. In
:\ uslr;:!. t he he roic s tnt g-g-Ie of th e S c h ulzhu nd :\ n d the C omIlWn isls . in sp il e of (heir dc fe:i1. from Ihe \'cry o ut set s h ook
Ih c s talli lit }' fl f Ihe fa sc is t dictators hip . In S I)ai n, Ih e b o urg"eo isie d id TI c)! s ucceed in p1:u-ill l-!' rhe fa scis t ll"I llzzle o n t he
toile rs .
Th e a r m ed s lruggh:s in A u ~ t ria a nd Spain have
res ulte d ill e \'e r w ider m asses o f tlt e working- cl ass coming:
to re:l lise the necessi ty for :1 re vo lution ary cl ass s tru::!l! le,
On ly " \leh m o ns trollS p h ili .... lines. s uc h I:Ick eys of thc b o urg-eoisie, as the ~ up c r: ln1H t atcd th eoreti c ian of the S eco nd
Int ern:tli o nal. I\' :lrl !\. :Hl ts k,. ar(' cap:lhlc o f c:1s t i ng rcp ro:lc hcs :I t the \\,()rktrs. 10' t he cff ....cl th:lI th cy s h ould not
htl'"c' 1:\ lw n u p a rlll S in Au stria "lid Spai n. \ Vh:ll would the
worki n g cla ss move m e n t in Allst ri:l and Spai n loo k likc
IQ-.Cia .\ if th e wor k in;.! ('I:Jss nf th t;sC cou n t r ies h ad b ee n gu ided
bv t h c tre:\c h c rO\1S co un scls o f t h e K aul 5kys? T he workin g
c l:lss \\'o l\ ld hp e xperienc in;:! p rofound d e moral is 3t io n in it s
r:l nks .
.. Th e ~c h o ol o f civil war, " Le nin s:t)'s, " docs not lcave the
peo plc u naffcC\L'(1. It is n h:tfSh sc hool. and it s co mplete c u rri.
Cilium illC'lIilo/,fy incl u<le!' t he victo ries of the cou ntcr.rcvol ut ion,
\he debauc heries o f cnra~ed reactiollaries , s:t\' agc punishmcnt s
meted o ut by th e old gove rnme nts to t he r ebels . e t c. But o nly
(Iownr ig-ht peda nts a nd mcntall y lk-c re pit m u mmies can g ricve over
thc f"c t Ih a t Ilat ion s ;lfe entering- this p"in ful school: thi s sch ool
teaches th e o ppressed cl:tsses how to' cond uc t civil war' it teachu
.
'
ho w to bn ng about ;J victorious rcvolutio n; it concentrates in the

1 :.1

T ll ft

WIlItl( I N G

C L A S S

U1 W< ~" S ,,{ p r("M'n , III,I ' s l lln'~ Ih a l Jla l n ..~1 w hi c h i~ ah~' II )'s hlll'ho ,
h" , h i' d OIl' /Il rndlk H, d ull, I).: 11 " ":1l1 I :. rll\" '~' 1Ind 11'111.-\. " 'a tl s lI, r ed
.. i(II"'" \. !t,1 ha l'" b,'.,'."'Io' ,', .n ., ,j ,l 'h "t th~' !'o 1l " "Io' I.f ri ll:;, "I_ ~'I~
.
. "," PIo,' t s. " .
" \~rr
, ,, II,c t.: "I'al cS I 111:,10
1',,;
.
Tlr,- ;;:1H't't:S$ of (.. ~i .. Ul i ll ( ;, ' !'III: IIl \, Ii ;, .. , a .. \\" 1. 11 ,.,\. I
. '

. '

d Oll nr)' worl,, r:-. in !lte s l ru l-:" g le al-:":li li St (usc is m h a\'C rc#
~ tllr ccl i n ;111 II Il I'H,("t'do.:nllxl inc n":llsc in Ille prl':-.tige of tlte
l"Olll llllllli :-.t 1' lI e rllOilional.
At the S:imc time, within !he
Second 111 1, r ll:ll;' In" l. It pH,f(JIlnd crisis lias Ilce n dcvelo pinJ,;". wlt ic- h lia s " .I:m if,s le d it :-"' If wit ll parTicu la r d a ri ly and
has bet'wne P;I I'I ICll larl), .,t:t;c nt uated :-.ince t he ba n kr upl cy

'\'f ' l \

fo llowed br a II !!\" wal ' l! III (a ~ l.:I.'" (1 I1 S i:ltl h h. !'- , w h i~' h .

A us t ria, lecl 10 , he prOI',OC:l lioll I~.~ . I)OI ~fll~"' .. ~ '.l Spain 10' tlll~

ne w o llslllu1,: hlS u { rh " t: UIl " 't:r~ l o.;\U.r U rl(: II .ln,:'i lIn Ihe

IUlionnry co nq uest:; of rhe III :ISS('S. , III

refo rm o f ' he (''O Il S Ii lUl i u l l . whi le Jlt

! ,,':u1(' , 10

' - ", UWL' 'I

of ( ;ernl :111 S,Ki ;II- f) elnol' r:tcy ,

The S('I'ial- Dcllloc ra!;C workc rs arc :I hl c to co nvi n ce
d WllIsdn.'s t'vcr InOl'e (flrdbl), Ih a t fil scis t Ge rm a ny . with
:.11 ils horr(,r:-.. ;".1(/ lJa rharitic.s, is in Ihe fi n a l ;lIl alysis til e
,1:sllI / "f rl/(, 5"" ' I ~' I-J)I' m "Cra{IC policy 0/ d " s$ collil bo rtl/i oll
w il h I h,' fUJlI/K c nt .\;c . T h ese masSes arc ( om in er C\'C'r m ore
dead )' 10 rcali s t tlt:1I Ihe p:lth along- w h ic h ~ IC (; c rman
Soci:t!-f)elll oa :ll k lead ers Icd Ihe proletari at m us! n Ol ag-ain
he t .r; l\ e~sc( 1. N" \'cr has thc re bee n s u c h ideolog ic;)1 d isSC I1SIO Il III t he eamp o f the Seco nd I nte rn a!io n:l \ IlS at th e
presen t l ime : ./\ process of di fTe ren tia ti o n is t ~lk ;n g" place
in ;rl i t hc S()cI;l I-Dem ocra t ic pnrlics . \ Vi l h in th e ir rn nks
/'itlO prill ciplll C' U llpS a re form in g-: side by s ide wi th t he
exis tin g C:lmp of re:lcti onarr cle me nt s, who a re try in g in
eve ry \WI)' to p reSe rvc th e bloc b e twee n th e Socia l
DCIll?crats a nd .the bourgeo is ie, a nd w ho fu rio usly re ject
[I Ulll lcd fron t wuh the COllllll unists , IIl erc is bt:gi lllliu g 10
/ o o n (I CllIIIP vf Tc"ol lili o t/(ITY d cm cl/l s ~.v1!o ct/lc'r/a in d o ubls
as to til(! corrcc t~ lCsS of /lie po licy of class co llabo rali01I
~"ith ,t.h c bO llrgCOIJic. ~o"o M C in favo ur of
cTcalio n of
{I IlII,i ted f ro nt ~ujlfl a le Co m"'lt1l is /s (Iud ~(, ho arc in creasi ngly
CO" ""K 10 miopf t hc position of a, e 'Tc'VoJ llt io tltJT), class

( I.:\'o-

Ih. f:isci .
s pu rred tI~~

nrrncd d cla c'l ll l l L' lH S o f th e ~a~'~sl s 10 allt' m pl ;1 COliI' .I'ef.ll~

in F I'b r unry . 19J4 , Bill till S \,u.: lury, an d Iltc frc ll z )' of I hl~
fasciSI ciiCfCl wr!'hip. 1':111('(1 ~1-' rllt ;1 ,(,"UlIII' r-IIl~)\' e nlt: IH fo;
n II nifi' d p roICI:lfi:1II frm ll ;1 ~; tl Il SI, f; I ~ I SIll 011 .a n lU h; rlla l i o ll ~ 1

Th e lwrni ng- o f Ih e 1\~',cI~stag, W l lld l sc~vcd ;18 a

!'i~II:l l for Ihe g"cllcw l :lll.1ck o f lasn s m (' 11 .Ilte wlldi lll )..,'" class
Ih e seizu re n n d SlX,/iil lio n uf the Ir:lde 1I 1ll001 IS :lJIr! Ilt c (jlh e ;
wo rk ing cb s.;; org" n i~l lioll s. Ihe ~ro:lI1 s o f t.he lorlured allti.
f.'lscis fS risi ng frOIll Ihe \":IIr1! S (I~ th e f:ls(lst u ar racl,s <l il t!
COnCCIl Ir:ltioll C:lI11pS. nre nw krn).! II c~car fO Ih t; lIlas~cs what
h ns bCt~ n fhe o utcome of I,he reac tlo ll a!'.'", di s ruptIve role
p/'lI'cd b\' Ihe Gl'rlll:l ll Socla l- OclIlocrallc lelld e rs . who r
jecit'f' fhe propos-1 1 lIl ac!e by t h.e Co n.l ~ll un i sl s fo r :J jOi ~
Sfrug g /' Olg'li nsl :lCh-lHl ( lng- f'lsclsm. I hey :Ire cO ll vi nci ntl'
th e ;IIOlsses o f th e neceSSity o f :l. IlWIg'il llw l in g- :il l th e for('e~
of Ih e wo rki ng class fo r the overt hrow o f f:l scislll ,
H iller's victo r): a lso pro vided" dcc is i\:e s limulus to Ihe
creat ion of :l u nlloo fr o nt o f t he wo rk in g class O1 g:l i nSt
f.1scis m in Fw nce. Hitler's yie lo r), no t 0 11 1.\' a ro used in the
wo rke rs th ~ (car o f rhe fate tlwt b efell th e G e r m':lI1 wo rkers
nOI only inn:lnlL'd IWlroo fo r the ex ecut io ners o f t he ir Gcr~
mnn clnss brot h e rs . bm .. Iso s treng th ened in them the de-

sc:IIl'.

tcrmin.,rion never in a ny circum s ta nces to a ll ow in their

co untry wh3t h .. d h .. ppencd to the worki n g class in
Germa ny.
The powe rful urge towa rds t h e united fro n l in a ll the
capitalist countries s hows thnt the lesso ns o f d efea t hm'e
nor been in vain. The working cJ.'SS is beg in ni ng- to act in

"CU'

"'ay. Th e initiative shown by the Co mmuni st Party

in th e organisM ion o f the united front and the supreme
self-sacrifice displayed by the Communists. by th e revolu
II

t en in, .. Inflammable Material in- World PNitit'".J:. " ~eltct;d

W o,A:s, Vol. IVI p. 298.

n,c

sl ru Kc 1c ,
Th us f: lscism, which :l ppea red 3S the resull o f the decli ne

of th e capi la li st system, in th e Io n ..... ru n acls as a (.. ctor

of its furt her t/isj llteg ral io n. T h us fa~i sm , whi ch has under-

take n. to b ury ~'larxi sm, th c rcvo luti o n a ry m o vc m e nt o f thc

wo rklll g class, IS , .. s a result o f the d ia lecti cs of l ife a nd the
class str uggle , ~ t sclf lead in g to the f u rthe r dc'Vclopmc JlL of
those forces wlllch .arc bo und to se rve as its g ravc-<ligge rs,
th e g rave-d iggers of capit .. lis m,

Till>

WOII"I Xr.

C "A SS

A C AI SST

, . . - I.T O :\,T O F TilE \\'O J{I, I :W; C I. I\ SS

II. U I\ '!/ II:. D :\ G :\ I NST F:\ !"C IS ." :
.
. n:-. (!f wor
0 1 Ihe ca ,)i l'.1,, kers :111<1. toilers
,
f. . .. .
Ics nil." lo
(;olllr:lC..... , " " "t . I I11.: ( I "C"!lVII'
Il v\\ C.III .ISC l s m ht. o! I' re_
'
.
i:;;1 CUIUurH':. , ' . .
jnto l)Ower :H1d how ("a n fa SC ism ,.
\"Cmtc(I from rcOllllngI"''' bee n \iclOn. Ous ',J 'IIJ t Ili S t I Ie C()n,uc

fi

ler.

' .,

Ii I".
,1I rCI)li e'i' '1'1,,' ITsl filiI/! I /(/ 1 /I"' st. b
1 I ntl'nnllon.
. .
. I
/
'
Illunls
. , . , _ ,1 (.hiell to COIIJ II/ c " t, . IS () orm (l IIllife I
{ li t' {Ii 111 It .<11 t ~
.
/
/
I
.
,

Q\'crt IIr 0 \\' /I

'I

/
(011
1' ,

,,v

0/

( I e/lO ll

/ '~ " "

' ' ('-:'I~ f\' (lis/rid.

i ll

t '~'(: 'Y

fOlIO'."
/I 0"("

II,'

{Io

;:'/. _,
I'~(dv I~ I

11 11

Ilc

t:tlc ,..

~('or:l"$ nl
..
.I
~l'g/olI. II/ ('''tt: '.\' CO~II/l')' .
1/

_ . ,/
(;" il)' 0/ (1c/101l 0/ the pro/dur /(I/ 0"
I Ie .(!o r ( .
. J
. II
P
,
II
:
I /,/ ill/t:rl1alio llal sodt: I ." f I e illig I Y"lt'a 01/ ';0 l iel,
a lIatumaJi
",o,k ill " class ('(Ipablt: I/ot ollly of sllccesS/1l1
rellders le < /
"/ ' II CC(' H/ll i cO llll /a - ol/cIHI'; ' C (lgt/illS f
(l ejcHl fc bll t. II so 0 . \
..
.
Ih e class t:ll cmy.
faSCism
. ,,"aiIlSI
~
. Im portal/cc 0/ tile, V ll itcd Fro II I.
Is il not clear Ilwl jo int :H.:ll on by th c :.ld h c rCllt s of the
. . : 111 d or::,.
~., I,,"'Ll ioIl S of the twO In t ern~tlOnal
s, .,.
the COlli.
n.1rl,es
i I f ..
r .
., I > S~o nd Jnt crn:lllo nal, \\'ou ( .Iel Hate the
mums ! all\.i I Ie e
.
1 yi
d
,..
I
'
,,',sscs
of
th
e
f:l
scls
i
Oil
S
allh
II.
~11l
would
rcpu Isc v\ I Ie I .
k'
J
'
,
ihc political impo rt:ll1 ce o f the wor '~ng c ass!
en '):In.cc
I." Ihe Ila rlies of both Inte rnatIno nal s. against
Oll1t .. e ,.on
I
..
1 0 ,ever wo uld no t be confine( 10 III ucncIllg th eir
( ..SCism, I "
'
d S . 1D
nl ndhc rcnls, the COIllOllIllls t s nn
oc m - Clll ocratS i
~r~uld a lso exen a powerfu l j~nllell ce o n th e r~lIlk s of Ihe
Calholic, anarchist tlml tll/orgll/llscd "i}o rk ~ r~, c.....c n 0 /1. th o.se
'iJ.,/to lit/ii /emporarily becomc th e 'V IC/ I illS of faSCIst
demagogy,
1
.
Moreover, a powerful unit ed fron l of th e pro clan a t '\'?~ild
exert tremendo us influence on all other s/Mla of I.he 101~I~lg
peo ple" on the pea~ ntr>:, on th e urban pctt>~ bourgeo Is Ie,
the intelligent sia, A uil lt ed fronl would ~n splre ~h e waver.
ing g ro ups with faith in th e s treng th of. th e workl.ng cJ?~.
But even thi s is not all. Th e proletar,l3t o f th e, lIl1perl:ll~st
countries has poss ibl e all ies not on ly In th e t?lIcrs of ItS
ow n coun tries but aso in the oppressed 1wli Oll S of the
colonies and ;emi.coJOllies, Inas much as th e pro letariat is
s plit bOlh nationnlly and int e rnationally, inas!l1u ch :"lS one
of its pari S s upports th e policy o f Coll ;lbora ll ~n wl,th the
bourgeoisie, in particular its sys tem of oppressIOn III the

u:

.00.

v.

, .

I'A$ C I S)I

coloni ('s nnd scmi --colonies. this rllicn:.I CS from the. wo rki~g
c1:1SS Ihe l)p prcsS(;d peoples of Ih e coloni es :md scml ...colonlcs
:ll1d we:tkens Ihe world :mli-impcri:,lisl front. Every step
on [/lC r o~ , d to unit y of ac ti o n . d irecled IOwa rds the s upport
of Ihe s lru l!j:!' lc for th e lihera tion of the colonial peoples on
the I>:1 rl of the prolet:1ri:tI o f th e imperialist count ries. denoteS th e lran:;;(or m:Hio n of th e coloni es and se mi.colonies

inlO one o f th e mOSI impMl rl llt rescn'es of the world

proletariat,
If Iinall v we take int o cOll sid r:r;lti on Ihal int erllation:l.l
unity of actio n b.v the proletnrial relies o n the stead il y grow_
;rI/? sl'l<!IIlttl, of a prolcla riall Sta le. (I land 0/ socia lism. lll e
S o.tiet V"ioll. wc see wh il t bro.,d pc r ~pec ti\'es a re revealed
bv the rc.1 li sn ti on of unit ed ncli on o n Ihe part o f the prole.
",ri at o n a l1 i1tl0 ll al illld int ernilti o n:l.l SCo"11e. Th e e.stablishment of unit y of net ion by il li S<.octions of the workin g class.
irrespceti,'e o f their pa rt\ or or!:!"iln isatio nni affi lbtion, is
necessary C~!C " be/ore Ole majority of fh e ~u o rkil1K class is
united in the s frllJ!J:lc /07 til e o..,c rtll ro,;u of capilalism lJ1td
tile victor>, of O, C proletaria " TC':Joilltiotl,
rs it poss ible '0 ren lisc thi s IIn;t\, of ac it on bv 'h e prolelari at in th e in div idual co untries and Ih roue-hOllt the wh ole
world ? Yes, il is. And it is possibl e at thi s ver" mo ment.
The Communi s t Int ernatio nal aI/aches no conditio'lts to tiniLy
0/ act;ulI ex ce pt OtiC , alld that atl elementary co nditio n acceptable for .al1 ~uo rkers . ';Ii:; .. that tllC un it.', 0/ action be
direcle/I ll/!(l/tl st fascism, again st. ti, e of/e tl s;"le 0/ capital.
aj!aitl st th e t.hrea t of ~Ctlr. again st til e class cllemy . This is
ou r conditio n.

Tlte Chill{ Argument s of tile Opponents

U1lited. Frollt.

0/

the

,"Vhat objections ca n the opponents of the united fro nt

have and how do they "oi ce their object io ns?
SO,me 5.1 )': .. T o the Commu nis ts th e slogan of the united
front IS mere l), a manceuvre." But if it is a m a n reuvre, we
repl y, wh y don't you expose th e " Com muni s t m a nceuvre "
by your h o nes t participation in a united front? Vve declare
(rankly : " We w~nt unity of action by the working class!
so that the ~r?let?(lat may grow s tro ng- in its struggle against
the b~:)Urgeolsle. I~ order tha,t while defending to-day its current 1I1t~rests agamst attacking capital, ag-ainst fascism, the
~ro~etaTlat m<l~ ,be in a ~sition to-morrow to create the preliminary conditions for Its final eman cipation."

 "

,,6
wc'

"

111\ \ ' ('

I'(

11''':

r.

C I. " 5 S

"
.
I i .: , :; 111[ :11' '' U:; , " ~(I\, ( I I / If' rs ,
HIli
( " 111111,'," ' .... I:\r;'(I . \ \, ,' s lll011 nut nll ilck "

,. "'it'r

II Ii

' ,W rl h '(
'

' )('P.O Il '"

\ ' (.. .
.

.. r"lIni ~l l i . 'rI ';

TI(lr t r-

nn ,
,

.
\':I I' I ft'o.;.
.

'

Ih :11

r.

A O AJNSTP"SC J SM

1Ste fl ,

"Yon
.

(! ,

s t;jh,

.- . ' fr 0 1l1 of th o \\ o rk," ' .:": (' " .... ~' g: lIn s l th e r /'"
(or th l~ 1111110<1
, . "" IIIlt ' tin lU it IS (l ll r dill y . In th e i ,lt . a.,~
;lIl :II t 1( .....
"
,
eres,
, ' Il t'my .
' .
(l n t! it :. r : lI l !'t' , 10 e rll lC lS , ' I l OSt' IletSO s
'
of IIIf' rro
l("~~ n~f ' " H')!'t' pMtit's w h i ch impede Ilni; , I'll',
,hos(" oq::'.'l Ill ~'l ll n Il S,
) Qf
n l'lI le r

' :"I n !J,' the workers.

.
(If" I:. \V' , c :'l.n no t (o rlll :l I l ll i led ( r.)Il1 \\. ~th I h e CO~llnlulli "'l
c, ' . . tlifTf'rcnl prO!!r:lIllIlW, S: l VS :1 [I\lrd ,t::"ro~, s,
si n .('IIIi! \ II nH; ,I . .. ' 111'11 \'0111' prog'r: IIl Hll (' <t ifTcrl<i
I>.
"
,
! Vl'1 Ih' is d'
om
n u l y()u ~ 'oursch'I'"
,
f ,I~.I\
,,' bOIlP-..C(>i:-;
P ;l rl R':-: , :111 (
Ih~ p roj:r:10 1I1U" (l
I : " 11 \' O~I frolll lnll rin g- inlo cO:II;li Id

r,

not

,'I I H I

d oc''s

11 0 1

pre\ 1; 1

"

OilS

pa rlie s .

"
_
.
I"
oc r:ttl C n:Htlf':-O al'l'
hctte r ,,', .
.. TI
h(lUr .... I'olS-( ell1'
'-:
"
" I(OS
Ie ,
"", . ,I, e C0 l1l111 lllll SIS, "a y thc oppo" ..... ,
'
f -CI" 1I1 I 1.1Il
f
,-
'- " S
' I,!!'tlln.s! :l.,~ ' ~
'I Ih e :1(h oC:lIC.s 0 c o a Ttlo n with th
,
TI -'d fro
nt tl lll
.
'
e
f
o r Ie I~n. c
~ II Wh:11 cioes C. crlll:lIl Y :-; cx pc ocn('e tcach ')
bourg-eolslc. I). 'I 'Dc mocr:l l !" fnrm n bloc w it h tho":
..... OCItl
I
c -' lit ~
.".
I) I' ( 1 not..' t he
" ies'~
!\ne! whM wcre t Ie r:-Ol ~ .
wilh

,!j('!'C

- ,
'
'I
I
C
.. bl " .-. united front wll I tIe
o mn\\lI}iSls
.. If we est.\ IS
I ..
. I
I ' I' d 1
' ,'H" will nke fo !!, It t it tIe
,c ( :lIv'' 'er'

.
'
IIIe ,>C ,II\' bo ur'...TCOIS fh e h scisIS."
we IIC:H .It s.:11. (1 qUile
nnd will d esert to
"
f
-.
",
I

.. bell cr

:1

Il

d oe.. Ihe unTIed ro nt re prese llt <l I \rca I 10

frC('II~ nth" .
III
- tr'ldN" lI
I e :UII"S:l n S, tie
1 10 1'1'Ill" in
I
>t il)'
the rV':t~1nt S, I I e I .

..
.
I
I 0
I-"' ~ ' - .')' :-1
(h e unit ed fro nl IS :l 1 lre.1 t 10 tle bi Q
teIiCCIU:'II!"
.
r"O, ',,-nc'"',1 Ill:t O' mll es, t IIe , 1411k Irs
'
1 01 her'
.
'
1
rl
n(
bo rrrCOI<;le I Ie II . . '
~
.
u::: - ' ,I '
"O' im e brin"s COlllpl elC fllln 10 al1 Ihese
C'xpIOll crs. \\ lOse rc~
b

s tmta,
I C
. I D oc r ' C\' is fo r d Clllocmc \,. I Ie
o lllllluniSls
" S oct:! - em

'f
' I

sl ' n ' tilc refo re we C<HlIl o t o rm:l unllC{ fronl

.:J. re f or d Icta.tor li t"
I S' I D

widl Ih e Co mlllunis l:O:." 5.1)' !"om c o f I Ie ,oela - Cllloc rat ic

. Il' ' re we o ffer ing yOU n o w a United front fo r Ihe
le:ld cr:,.
U.,
"
I " I" I '
I" " ?
purpose o f proclaiming the (IlClalOrS,l1p 0 , t ~c pro c ,trlat
\"t.' ll\Jke no s uch proposal fo r the lim e bClJlr;o'
.. Let the Communis ls recognise democmcy. let tl~em
come o ut in its defence. (h e n we shall be read)' fo r a Ulllf~
fro nl." To this we reply : Vie ,are adherents of ~O\'lel
de mocmc\', the democracy o f the toilers, ~he ,most con~I Stenl
democracy in Ihe world. But in the ca.p,~ahst countfles ~'e
defend and shall continue to defend every Inch of bourgeOisdemocratic liberties which are being attacked by fa scism and

2.7

bourgeois reac T.ioll , hpl-~IlISl: TlIO' illll:reSlS of Ih(' d(ls!'i slrll~g'le

of The pro kl a n :-.t SO ch e w,""
.
.. B ul I h l; l in y l {lIlllllulli .." l>a rli,':-; (1 0 I1 Il I contrlhut e 1111 )'Th in g h ~' p:lni cip:,tin J.:" in I he un i ted frOllt h roug hl :l.bo UI b y

die I .:It." u r " ;. rty.' ~ay for i n s l:uu-. Ihe l ,abo ur Ic:.der~ ~f
(;n: ;I! Brita in ,
R. t:ill huw Iho.: l\lIsl r i a n Socinl_D t m ocrttllC
k ;,de rs s:. id till' ~a nu: Ilt in J-,:' wi lh rd ere nce 10 the s lll ;].I,!
Aus trian C() nHllll l li~ t P art y. A n d ", h nt have even ts sh o wn!
It was nOI tIl" AU :o.l r j;, n S()('i :iIl) l; ll)ocr:. lic Pan y headed .h )'
OliO B;u!!: r ;lIlel 1": :lr l HenIH !!' th a t proved ri g ht, hilt the \I~ ly
AUSlria n Cu nll n ll n i ~ T P a n ), w hi c h a t the ri g ht mo ment signalled Ih.... fa sl"i :-.t d :lII !-!,cr in Au s lri a and called upon the
workers ,.) ~ t r ll g gl \! , For th e wh ole e x pcr ie ncc o f the l!lbo ~r
t110\'etllc nt h as s h ow n th:n the Communis ts with all their
rcl;t ti\'e in s iJ.! lli fican cc in nUII lb e rs a rc Ille m o tivc I>ower of
th e lIl ilitant ;,c livi!\' o f th(: pro lel ;.r i;,!. B esideS thi s . it mus t
/l o t he for;,!'otl c n t'It :" the C Olllmuni s t Partil'!S o f :\ u st r ia or
Grc:tI Bril:Li n arc nOI on I," Ih e te n s of tho usands o f wo rkerS
who ;Ire !" uppo rtcrs o f the P art y , hut arc parts of the world
COllllllun is t m Ovc ment, a rc S l' cl ]O /l S of t lr G COnlllllllli sL Inl cTIwliollll/ , the /em/itl t: part )' of wh ic h is the p~ rt y of :l prolel:lriOlI whic h ha s :11n.:ad y :Ichicved vi c lo ry a n d ru les ovcr
one six th pm! of the g lobe.
.. BUI th e un il c.x i front did n OI p revc nt fn sci sm fr om being
"i ctoriolls in thc Sa:!r." is another ob jec ti o n adva nccd b y
th e opponents of th e united f ro nt. Str:lnge is th e logic o f
F irs l they leave n o Sto ne unturned to
these ge nt le me n!
ensure Ihe v ictorv of fa sci sm rind th e n th ey rcjo ice with
mali cio us g lee b ecau sc th e unit cd f ro nt whic h they e ntered
into o nl \' ~II the 1 ~l s t m o mcnt d id n o t lead to the victory o f
.
th e work ers.
" If we were 10 fo r m a united fro m with the Communists ,
we s h ould h.wc 10 w ithdt:lw from th e cOrlli ti o n, and r e:!Clionary a nd fascist prlrti es ','ou ld e nter the governm ent,"
say th e Soc ial-De m oc ratic lead ers h o ldin g cabine t posts in
various cou ntries , Ve ry well. \as no t (he German SocialDemocratic Party in a cOrl liti on g-overnm c nt? It was. 'Vas
not the Austrian Social-D emocratic Part), in office?
It
was. \"'ere no t the Spanish Socialists in the same governme nt as the bourgeoisie? Th ey wcre, too. Did the participati?~, of the Socia l-~ emoc ratic Panics in the bourgeois
coahtlon gove rnmen ts In these cou ntri es prevent fascism from
attacking the proletariat? It did not. Consequently it is

Till

WOItK ' NG

C LASS

., ' " "J,H"/JI

I/l nl
parl ic ip;lI ioll ul. Soci:d. I) ..... " lUCr '
~
.
bou ro'(!'()IS gu\'crnnu: llI l' I S " II / a b. . .llte

r1S clt:.1r .:;

.
' .
.
mlillS lCrs III

.,.

.'trlc r

A G AI S ST

'.

iasciSJ)1.
,'k ,.
,
" The Comlllunists ;I CI I ' C ( 1t:lalOr:o:. 'I e\" \\",ll\t
' b on d d ,' ,' :'lIC c \cn ,h illg- 10 us." [\0.' \Ve "to J)r~
. ne
.
'
.
- (, ,~
.
nd
dicl:IIC
nu
dulIg-.
\
\r
c
o
nl
y
make
')(
,
1101 ling .1
.
"
'r
.
" POS; ,
. . whic h we ;Ire C;O Il\' III
CI'< I ';n t tt';il lscd II
. I II
CO/lccr flln g
. .
, ., ., .
Icy W",
Ih ~ int erest!' of the 101IIIIg p c(>p t '.
liS is 110,
II
nH..'Ct . , e, b u l the <lU [ \' o f a ll IlIU:'c ')(': I i ll;': i ll the n- o nl}.
Ih e rig I
"
,
f t' Ie " ('C
,. I !l l urs hip " .IIIlC
f
\"
0
11
'Ire
:t
itall
0
f
0
kcr
I ,IC
wo r 'Sl:;~ ? l e i u..; joint!\- :-ouomi( :111 prtJI>os,a]s ,v Ih(:
om
nium
.
. . .. , . , '.. ' "
0 Iii.
C

Ol h J"ours and o u r::;, ) OIlH.\

S b
k
worer,
.

( l:>illISS

th e Ul

,
"
"
"n'
....
el
her
wllh
all
I
Ie k
wor
cr~
,"
[
lO:<e
prop O~a l )j
,
."
,
C loosc, 'o~
f , k'
. W Irel
:lrc most useful 10 Ihe C,lIISC 0 I I.e wor ' rng .c b S!).
r
.,.,III s all lil esc nnrtrlllC/l
IS ag;lIll s1 Ih e tlllU ed front
.
~ . .
. , .,
,
"!Vrll
Ie\' arc r:1I ler the rc".-.
he slightest CTltlClsm.
noI bcar I
f 5 . I D
....:r'"
ct
lions of Ihe re;J.cli onnry lc:,dcrs 0
oern ~ . ef1lo :lcy, Wh~
prefer Iheir uniled f~ont wJlh the buurgeolsle 10 the united
iront of Ihe proICI:lrH"iI .
No. These reserv:ltions will not hold . wa le r! The inter,
nat ional proletariat has known a ll II~e bIttern ess o f tribuJ
lion caused by the spl it in th e \\'ork lll~ class, :I nd bccom a.
more and more comjnced 11l.11 til e 11111 led /ro lil. thilt u .. ,'"
. 011 a 1lt.1 "10110 I .a1l 'I II/
' Ienlatiolla/
,,/ Y
of action by the proletariat
scale arc botk necessary all d perfectly pOSSib le.
Content alld Forms of l"c U1lilcll Frou/. .
'W hat is and o ught 10 be !1.lc bas ic co nl elll of ~h e united
front at the presen t s iage? J he defence of !he JInmcdiale
economic and poli tical interests of the wo rkin g cl ass, the
defence of the working class again st f~lsc ism , mUSt form
the slarling point a nd m~j'l co t/lent of Ih e united front in
all capitalist countries.
We must not coniin e o urselves to bare appeal s to St ruggle
for the prol etarian dictators hip, bur mus t a lso lind and ad.
\'anee those slogans and forms of s truggle which arise out
of the vital needs of the masses, and a re comm ensurate with
their lighting capacity at the given stage of d evelopment.
We mUSt point out to the masses what they mu st do
to_day 10 defend th emsclves against capitalist spoliation and
fascist barbarity.
Vie must strh'e to establish the widest united fr o nt wilh
th e aid of joint action by workers' organiSiitions o f different

PA S (: I S~I

Irends for the: defence of the "ilal int erests of the toiling
masses. Th is means:
F" s(, joint slrugJ;le reall), to shift the burden of the co nsequences of the cri sis on to th e shoulders of the ruling
c1aSSCs. dI e shou lde rs of the c~IJl itali st s , 1:IIHll ords-in a \\ ord
10 the shuuldc rs of the rich .
S.'emui. joint Mrugglc ago,in!'>! all forms of the fa ~c i s t
offensive. ill ~d~nc~ of the g :lIn ~ :md the riJ;:ht s of the toi lers,
;l~; l in st the hqualallun of bouq.;eois-dcllloc ralic libert ies .
T hi,d, joi nt s lru ~a; le .. gainM the :Ipproachin .... da nger of
imperiali st war, a slrugJ;lt! that will imlx.'<ie tire prepara tions
for such a war.
\ Ve mu st i.ndcf:, ti gab ly prepare the working class fo r a
,apid cllm/go: ITt forms alld mdh alls oj st ruggle when there
is a chang e in the SiIU:llio l1 . ,'\ s the movement grows and
the unity of the wo rk ing class ~tre nt:th en ::. , we mu::.t go furIher, and prepa re the lr:lns ition Jrom til e el .: jcll si".lc 10 lite
o/lc"si'V& llenitlSt cap ital. slee rin '" tow'lrds the organisation
oj a mass polilira i stlil: e. It mll~t be an absolute condi tio n
of stich a st rik e to dT<IW into it the mai n trad e un ions of the
tcspcct i"1/ coun tries .
Co mllluni sts, of co urse, ca nllot a nd mu St not {o r a
moment aband on their o wn j"dcpe ll l/cllt 'a' o , k o f Communist
educa tion, orga n isati on and mob ilisa tion o f the masscs.
Howe"er, fo r Ibe purposc o f ensu ring th at the workers find
Ihe road 10 unit y of ac tion, it is necessary to s trive at the
same time both for sh ort-term and fo r lo ng-term ag reements
providing for jo j,1t action w itla Sociili-Democ ratic PMties,
reform ist tTatic ullions {Hid ollter OTgali isati01ls oj tlt e toilers
against th e cl.:lss enem ies of lhe pro letariat. The ch ief stress
in all this .001lSt be lai d o n devclo pin g mass aclion locally,
to be carT/cd olll by the l ocal OTgU1l i satio ll S through local
agreements.
\Vhile loyally ca rry in g out th e conditio n s o f a ll agreements n;ta~e wit~ th em, we shall mercilessly ex pose all sabolage of JOint aCl10 n o n the pa n o f pe rso ns and o rga ni sations
participating in the united front. To any attcmpt to wreck the
ag reements-a nd SUC~I att cmpt s may possibly be made-we
shall repl y by :appealing to the masses while continuinc:r untiri.ngly to s truggle fo r Ihe reslo r:ttion o f the brokcn unity of
action.
It ~oes without sayi ng Ilwt the co ncrete reali s..'ltio n o[
the united fro nt will take 'V(H io us fo rms in \'arious countries,

T il l

W O ll k IS C:

C ' . A S.

30
, . .. . n di tio n ~ In d c/!:.raC lc r of tbe Wo, '"
,
"' Cr,s '
' 11/)011 I It! I....
d CPCfI,( III?
:'l od thei r p o litica l len:, UpOIl Ih e cO tlcrl! t .
" ons .
or;!:'l nll"lill
, "c " ., ..::O lllll n ' , upn n Ih t..! Chllll"c:) ii,
'
.
. the "a r t I " .
'"
prO.
s i tu.1 ' IOII 111 .
"
I'l l 1:!I,ouf IIIU\' C,I II; III, C It: .
-<rcss in lIu: I nl ern .IIID!
.
" _,
" " ,ciUl lo.: (o r il1 ." ' : IIII'l ':
cl). o rdlnatcd ," "
(orm
s
1Il: ' \ H
I
Oi nt
1 lesC
. I. '. '0 ".-. ,,"fee d ul'"n , n ", . <1 .1' ,' /" Cll"
"
f / ' \\' or " cr~
~ . ...
'
' . un
:te llo n 0 I H::.
.
, ,' n di"id u,IJ (kll llIIU/s l i t Oil t h e basi , ,

/ fimlfC
(c

occ:1slo ns. (II

p 1/ ~t"S or

'

I"

b '~("

.'

O(' '' 1I

' . 0

I I, s' , il'~' co-orclin:l ted :1I: 11(IIlS 0 11 a In -,

- ,
'"
<a
) ~ I/o/ o r inlc:rllntio ll (l/ scOllo.!; co-orl In;ued ;lc li o n ~

t'o n of Ih e CfD ll o mic ~Iruggh; (If Iltc workers'

(or lI~c or~ 'l n l s;f~ I " /lo/itil'af :lclioll!', for Ihe org":lni :sa lio n 0""
,
' /11 ' Oul
J1l :lSS I
k
I"
~.1.rr,\ JI d 'fcll ce [I ~:lin s t fascil'1 ;l1f ;~C'S ; C?-Hl'( Ill at(!<I ac tiOl}
Joln
" dcnn
" ,r"of ",",I 10 polit,c(d
pn"o/l o s (/n.i I n ..-I' t
, l , se
c r ren
" .
'" ,1 .1,
'
he fi eld of strugg le a g-: II 11 S1 socwl 1(; (1C/IO II; jOi nl
/tII~II"~s., ~n /h c defe nce o f th e i" tc.: / c.:sts uj the YOIl/h :uld
lICIlOnS I,
1 fi Id of co_opu(/ ti'Vc ~(,o , k, CIl I/ 1/ 1lI1 cl ct h ' it),
~"o ",en , I n I IC IC
rI'gIO Iw f. " ,(1/1,0

spor/s, etc,

'AS C I SU

3 1

t he u rrit <1 d / ro lll. Ih e !rai n i n g" of hund red s nnd tho u5.1 nds of
non. I'lIf l), Ilo lsllc\iks. in Ilu: capila l i~1 counlrics.
J o int .1ction o f Ihe o'/:lIl1 iu ll workers is t he begin n i n g- ,
I he found a lion . B ut \\e 1II11 ~1 nnl lo"c ~ i j:! hl o f the fact t hat
the tIIl()r g;'lli ~cd m :I~scs f"(JIl sl illlte Ihe \"aM 1ll 3jori t y of
wo rl,ers. T h IIS. in F Wll cc ,11 \, numher uf or j:!n n ised work e r s
_Collllllllni s rs , S()ci : di ~IS, If:lde union m em bers of V:.ri OIlS
rrcnds- i " :oltogcllwr flbulll .me ",;/lioll. wh ile the 10t:1I n umber vf work,'rs i" dt'~'c" lII i/(,QII. I n Gn' clf Hrf ;l, ;1/ the re a re
IIpprOXiUl:Llcly {i,'" m illion memhers of t rade un io ns a nd
p:l rtics o f \":L;iou s IrCIl(ls , A I the :-;<1 me lime the 10lai numbcr
o f work ers I S jourlccll mil/ioll,
In Ihe V llilcd Stalcs of
A meric" :lllOtH {i .c m illio" ';.1'OtI:US Me oq:!:lniscd, whil e
,1h ogetlt e r Ih l'rc Me t h i,t y . ei/: hl m illlo'l workers in Ihal counIry , l~ b 'HH Ihe s:,mc ral io h nld s good for a !lumber o f oth er
count rll'S, I n " normal" times Ihis Il1:1SS in the ma in does
not pa Tl ici p:lfc ill pOl itical lifc, Bllt now thi s g ig-a n tic Il1 :lSS
is gett ing- i n lo m otion more :lnt! mor.;: , is being- broug-h t ; nl o
po lilicn l Hfr.:, COmes 0111 in Ih o..: politica l arena,
T he C're.1Ii () n o f n o n-P:ort ~' da s" bodir.:s is th.;: besl form
(or c:lrr~' i n;::, out , eX lend inl-! a nd !' lre l1 g" lh e nil1l! the uni ted
fro nt ;\lllo nj.!' thf' r.-Hlk and file of the bro.1t1est 1ll ~I SSCS, T he~
bod ies will likcw ise be Ihc best b ll lwark :\:.!3in~ t even' :Ittem pt of the oppo ne n ts o f thc nniled fr o n', to d isr u p't the
esta blished uni t), o f aClion of Ihe work ing cbss .

fo rm ' o.:o--ord in:ll c t! ;Ll'I IOIl :-; ,It III ~ 1 ~' lclll(l1 (" I /e r

,I com lllon pl:1 ,I I

.

A G A I NST

"n s "llicicnl 10 co ntent ourselves with the CO n

'1
I
. '
"
f
"ro vidi n..- {o r JOWl
[lCIl"OIi .t n(' "
I le o n ll a~elUSIOn 0 .1 P-1CI
"
.'
f 1
"
lio n o f con tact COllllll illees co n S l stl n ~ 0 t Ie l );l ~tl es a nd
" "
p. r' ;cip llin .... in thc u ntl cd fro lll , li ke those
o rg a nl5.1 I1 o ns ...
.
"
'1-'
,
,
"
"
I'
r,n
ce
fo
r
in
s
tan
cc
,
Ia
l
IS
o
n
y
I
Ie
Itrst
wc Il;l\'C HI

,
. '
f
r . .... ' ,
SIC
T he P:lCI is an a ux dl nry m ca ns ,o r ren ISIIl 1;- JOIll I nc,
;iO ~' bu t b \' itself it d oes no t conSlllut e a u n ited fro n t,
"\ ' , ' co' rnmissio n betwce n the le:lde rs o f the Co mm un ist
: con ac
f ","
1
"
nnd S ocill lis [ pa nics is n cc~ SS.1ry. t ~ tlCI 11:lle tI e. carr)'1 ng
o ut o f jo inl .1c tion, b ut by II sc l! It IS ftlr fro m .:ld eq ~Jat c for
:l rc.11 d evelopment o f the un ited fr~)flt , fo r, d r:l\vlI1 g- the
broadcst m asses into the stru~gl e aga ins t fa SC is m,

,d be
WO ll

Tile II II I i-F(/scisl People's F rOllt,

In tlt e m o b ilisa ti o n of th e toi lin g- m :lsses fo r the s t r ug g le
aga in s t f:lsc ism , the formal io n of ;\ broad peop le ' s Q1ll1~fa sci s l
f rollt o n the basis of lite prolc/aria/! flll ite(i JW I// is :I. particuI:t rh. im por ta nt I:lsk, The SucceSs o f t he e n ti re s t ru rrD"le o f
th e p ro lc l:lrial is d ose h- cu n nect ' ci wit h th e cSl3b lishment
o f a (j g lllin g :'t l1i a nC'c hc iwee ll th e flrol e t ~Hia t o n th e o ne ha nd
:md, o n th e o th e r IWll d . the to ilin g- p ea santr\" and th e m ass
o( the l~ rba n pctt y bo urgeoisie w h ich co n st i'tu tc a m :l.jority
in th e POpu l,1 11 0 n o f nc n i ndu s t ria ll y d ento pe<! cou ntrics.
In it s ag ilHli o n . f;'l sc is lll , d esiro us'of w inn i n O" th e se m asses
to its o w n s id e . tri es 10 set th e to ilin rr m a sse'; o f th e c ities
? n? ,t,he ,countrys id e against th e re \'~l ll ti ona ry prOle ta ria t ,
Iflttnu dat ln g th e pCtl y b o urgeoiSie w ith th e b u gaboo o f the
". R e~ da ~ ger, " \OVe mu St IU:'l tlt e sp ea rp Oint i n the 01'1'0slfe directI o n a nd show the to iltn g peasa nts, a rti san s and toiling inteJlcctu:d ~ whe nce th e rea l d:lI1 g"e r threat ens . W e mUSt
sh ow the m c071c-r etcly who p iles the burden of taxes and im~~

Til e Co mmun ists a nd a ll rcvoluli o n.1r,Y wo rke rs m USt

s trive fo r the fo rma lio n o f e lec ti ve (nnd ill th e cO I~ntr.ics
of fascist dictato rs hi p-selected fro m th e m ost ~llI l h o ru a tl \'e

p.:articipants in the united front moveme,ot) " oll -Party class

bodies 0/ ti,e unit.ed IrO'tlt at th e ta c~o ncs. <t mong th e 1111_
employed, in the work ing class dl stl'lc fs, am ong: Ih e ,small
Jownsmen a nd in the 'Villages. Ool y s uch bod ies Will be
able to embrace in th e un ited front movement th e vnSI masses
of un organised toilers al so, will be abl e to assis t in ~ cvel op.
ing the inili<ttivc of th ~ m asses, in th e s trug.g lc ng nlllSI ll~c
offensive ()f C4lpital, agalO sl fasc tsm and reaCtion, a nd on thiS
basis to create the necessary broad active rank and file of

T ill

32

w o a"IN C

C I. ,\S I
A ( ) AI NS T

ns" n!,

SCjL lI 'C1.('S US liri O US i lH ere s l OU I

I,

' .

0 ' 1\

e n::ry ( ....
/
/ :lo nd d oo llls 111 111 It) ItllClllp O nll e nl
.
plo
l
o
f
a
ll
t

/
I '
..
nd
/liS
" e'pb in ":O IIl TCl c y. " )I;I' :l ll i P ; l h c ll l l v . ,
.
/
II:Ul( I"lC' r a fI Slll"
~
II ...
I>o\'cr ' )' . \ Vc 1II/ 11 ~ lin " Ihe a r llsa
n s , I II:
. "nll)' ' . W 10 .n , jr'h
.
I
"
.
.. II
pers Is C
re n ls ;n ll C'(l III PC(lIl OIl 1I1Ipo ssil, , '
. ,

Wi t I

,s 111II'oS I:<. I
. / _
d

" XL .

1"

w ho th ro w:"

111 10 t It.:

"

s tree t and .

11
( ,
",.
(o r [,I t;~ m 10 wI ll 1::.1:1
' (> II the lI ro:ld 1Il: ' SScS" I Ie wo rkin ~ .
priv..:s \)(, cnl p L1.\ III I
!rl.

1t"J/ig enI SUI .

8uI this is II Ot Cl llo,jgh .
.
(
I' ~nl :'ll th e moSI dccis i\'c po i I II in t's labll s hing
The un e ~IIllC 'Ic's fro nl is the , /'Sol llt" (/ ct io n 0/ II.
"It: anl i-f:l:scISI '7~P 'I'l in defe nce o f ehe <lclIl ;u lds o f th ~~
't:~lollllio nll~Y
,t' a/ l : . fO ilin g' pC;lsa nt ry , ,!crn ;lI1ds in line
l

r'f

CMd i 1l1l 1 Qlft' sl io ll S 0/ / I'e V II i/cd F rOllt

COlml,ics.

""i

AI

"

rn.

'Il t/i1!itiu al

There arc in cvery cou nt ry ce r t~i ll wHl i,w l tJlu:s l iQIIS

which "I the preSc li t Sl a;.!c :Lre ag ita ling- \"a s t masses of th e
popul .:1 tion ;m <! ar ~ \ll\d whi Ch Ih e :-tr ugg le for th e establis hme nt of Ihe I 1I 1It l.;~ fr ont mU SI be dc\'\.: lo pcd, If lirest!
cnrdin:d poi nts. c;.rdinal (pl ~stio n s, Me prope rl y .. ras ped .
i( will ens ure :lIld ;lCcc k ratc the establishmen t of I I~ un ited

strnl.:t. pnrllc~1 .:t.r .' a .. ts ~f the p rol~f;l r i :'l t. co mh in ifl g' in the
with the [baSIC I n ~~r~1 ' denn nds o f the wo rkin g' clnss wilh
process 0 s lrugg C Ie

these dem.:t nds.

.
1' - (
.
.
In f ornlln O' " Ie , - fol se lSI peop c ~ . ront ,.1 I CO
. Irrt:CI <\1>O''' ni sations
.:t nd p:l rtl es tod W,IHC. I a can.
" o, :-0"
,1 to t ,lose
roac
,
. '
P.
I
lber of rhe lOlling peaS:lIl lr y an . Ie ma ss of
sldfmb, c nU~t bour(teois ie belong is of great Im pa rla nce,
the ur ):I n pc y
'"
.'
f I
',,1
"5/
co
untri
es
the
m:IJ
o
rity
0
I lesc .
panies
I n I he .C.'ipl. _ 1~ lil i c nl 'IS well :rs cco nOllll'
s tili
and o rO':llllsa flOns,
d [ ,' C, .are ..
nn
0 oW It.
I he
un e,er I"Ie .In nlie ncc of Ih e boura-colSIC
b .
...
.
. I composi fi on of these p;lrt leS :lnd . o rg ;lnlsatlons IS
~~~~~ogenco us. They include big klllak~ (n ch pC:lsants) s~de
rr bus lll css mcn alongSide
. ,C Wit' "I an dl coss pC'Is.
, nts ' 1bi
"<
b \ ' Sf(
of pear s hopkeepers. but control !~ ~n IIle ha~ld s of the
former,' Ih e agenl s of bi g ca piwl.. IdhfOS ma :es It . o ur ~~It )'
to approach these organi~'lio n s In I f eren :vays. ta IIl g
inlo consiclemlion thnt not mfrequentl y the bulk o f the ~l: m_
bership does not know anylh ing abollt f.h e rea l,. p oht lca.1
cha rnctcr of its leaders hip. U nder cert :un condl~~ons, we
C:ln and mus t bend o llr effort s to the tas k of dra Win g th ese
parlies and o rg ;:mis., tio ns or ccrt:lin secti o,ns of ~h em to II~e
s ide of Ihe anli-fascis l people's (ront, despite their, bou.rg eo,IS
leadership. Such. fo r in s lance, is tMay !he SituatIOn , In
France with the Radica l Party, in the United States wlIh
various farmers' organisations, in P oland with the Stron_
nictwo Ludowe," in Yugoslavia with the Croatian .Peasants'
Part" in Bulaaria with the Agrarian League. III Greece
, Agrarians, etc. But irrespective of whether there
with -the

33

is an )' chan ce of IIlfr i. c t i n ~ I h (: ~, ' ran i,'s :lIld o r ~'lIli s:\lio n s

10 !Ill:: side of Ih e peopte's (rOlli , our I;.ceics mU M IO Hl c , all
&i U : II"' S/fIll CC.t
Il(: d ireC h:d Inwards dr:.wi nl-!' Ihe s inn II
peas:l.ntS, lIr1 i:o.all.s , h a ~H l ic r: .r I :-' lII c n . cIC., :.mu nl;: their melll bers Into Ihe ;,n tl. fa ~c l ::.1 peuple's f r un t.
YOLL See cOI1 ::,"q ue nll y Ih ;. \ in Ih is field wc must pili an
cnd ~1I 1 :dun g- Ihe li!le I ~ whal frc{l' lcnll y OCCll rs in , o ur
pr~lI; U (""1 \\"o r k~ lt. c l ~ n U~lIl~ (Jf or co nte mptuous :Htllud e
IOwards Ihe V,l rHHlS org-am S:ltlons :!Il d pan ics of the pe:.lsan ts,
Mtisan s :lnd urha n p c.: ll y-b()lIr ~eo i s tn .1~scs .

_, _ on 10. fh e whil
pc e. o wn .i n g" I /
' . " /" " ' /'"" "'"'" / Cll joy
. in0 /
I t! ) . !'<
h im . (l nd w/lo,
I" dri\'cs Ih e p t'; I:>:U !! a n d h is f:u ll il). (, ~
po~ !'

.... r lll o f WC.1

F " S C I 5 ~'

fro nt.
(a) T he V ' lil~d .Slilies 0/ AlIl e ri ca,
Let us I:tke. for exa mp le. SO impo rt a nt a co un try in the
c~pitali s l

.'

world :150 Ihe U ,lilcd 5;tlllc5 of A m erica,

Th ere
millions o f peopl c h<l\"(: bec n brO ll ~ ht in to motio n b y the
cris is . Th e p rog ra mlll e for the reco \'cry of ca p itali s m h~s
collapstXl. V;ISt masses .,re b eg in n ing- to ab:lIl do n the bourgeo is parti es , ,In " <Ire ;I I prese nt at the crossroads .
Incip ient :\mc ri c:lIl fascism is e nd ea vou ri ng to d irect the
disillus io lllll cnt a nd d isco nt ent of Ih ese masses int o reacti onary f:r sci.st cha n n.els . It is a pcculiar il), o f th e develo pment of Amenca n f:tscls m chat a t the p rescn l s tage il ap pears
principally in th e g uise of a n o pposi ti o n to fa scis m. w hich
it acc useS of being a n .. un-Am cri ca n " te ndc ncy impo rted
from abroad . In co nt radi s tinctio n to G e rm a n fascis m,
which aCls u nde r a nti -co nstilut iona l Sloga ns , Ame rican
fascism tri es to po rtray itself as the cus to di a n o f the con stitulion and" Am er ica n de moc rac),. " It d ocs no t yet represent a d irectl y me nacing fo rce. nut if it s ucceeds in penelrating to the broad maSses wh o h ave b ecome disillusioned
with the old bo urgeois pa rt ies, it ma y b ecome a serious
menace in the vcry nea r future.
And wha t wo uld the s uccess o f fa scis m in the United
Stales entail? F o r the to ilin g masses it would of course
entail the unrestrain ed s tre ng the ning of the regime of ex:

II'OAKI:-.cG

T "

Cl. ASS

3"
cSlruclil)/l of Ihe workll~!: c. :,ISS mO\'ell\cn
ploiwlio n .'II~ the J
Ihe inl crn;llional SI~l1Ifll':;~IICC o f I/!:
bC
And whal \\o~Jld '.I \ _ \\" know, (h e Unllcd Sr~He:; is li S
succesS of (;\'SCI~IlI . ,", 1.~IIJ" :l rb, or L a l\' ia, The s UP,fl Ot
.
1"1111;111 (. 0
..
"
".
"'{ess
1IUII!!.1r), or
U ',.cJ Slalc:-:
WUII t C 1.Ul ~C the wI,'
', . ' ,
' il the
c,
" I"
IOe
of l,tSCI:o;n'
I
.
. nIII quire
malefl.'
.'.
.
,
'liol1:1l SIIII.111 0
.
ullcrn,l
. .. 'rCUlI1SW ncCS, ,:;\11 the An~ cncan proh:1ari.
Under
CI,' o'""li~1Ii0I1
of o nll'
, Ihc~
,(wHhlle
,... .
. lIS
, cl:iss CO IlS(:,'O"
Us
conlcnt lise v/llell
.
.I:> prcp.lro.;(
,:. , I 10 follow t Ie rt;\"o lulio nat,
,
\ '.'lngU:lfd
.Willi ?" No.

~Cl I

. obvious th:lt rhe

in lcrc~l s o~

Ihe An1(::ricOifl

perfe ) , , , 'I ll its Ea reeS dl SSOC la! ~ !hCIllS\.:lvc '

J
riat deman( ! 1;1
"
s
pro Cia . . ' t"! ).u!ic$ wi!l lOut de :IY
t IllUSt <II the
(rom the. CdPI!;I ;:s }ws ,1Ild sllil:tbl~ IO~IllS of pr~\'c l\lilJt:'
proper ume Itn.' . ..; o\'cr the bro.:ld di sconte n ted 111:1 "" ....
(
'SOl (rOIll WJOnll1~
'd ,
'\
~
ascI
'.
I\nd here it milS! be So11 1 1:11 IUI( ~ r : !l1erican
o( fh e [OIlers .
.
,' a nwSS ,);l rlr 01 tOilers

.
Ie
cre:lfIon
0
.
, a
con d wons [ ]
t:
,
Plnh' " min'ht ser\'e , IS such
" IVorke,s' lui {,(llIIl e TS
-,
:-ft

,
f
S", a pad>' ~l'o rdd be (l speci IC IO'rm 01
SlIJlable orm.
/lCI, .
.
I
I
I'J 0 '"
, ple'~ IrQllt ill :'l tIIeT/ t."a 11:1t S lOll l e set up in
the mass
. . peo,
I
fli es 0 f IIIe Irll 5" s ,'",d ,I'e b'",k"
',~, and
~p~lI ron 10 11~ !>:I sc,'sm Such ~I pnrty, o( course, will
IIkewlsc 10 ....rowll]g f n " .
.
'II I
BUI]t '
~i}1 .1a,IC fo' , be
. C
be IICI','IIC' SDC,"' I" s' " or Com mu nI st.
'f
' par"y "
I he
an a nllaSCISI
, d 1Iot .:111 ;lnll
. OIllIllUIlI
I
'SI p,lfIr.
I '
' ' 1)''1(1)' must be dlreele( ag:lIIl SI t 1(' banks
profJ'ramme 0 f ,1'' S
,

I
'
f'
o
d
opol
"cs
:ltYain
s(
the
prmclj)a
enClll
les
0
the
trusts an mon
, ,,,,,'
.
S
fJ':1mb lintY on its mIsfortunes . tlch n party
I
I
'c
peop e IV 10 a 1:> '
t>,.
f I' I
>
I ' .
will be equal 10 its !<Isk onlr ~f If de ~n< s t Ie l~rgcn t ~ cnl.ln~s
o( the wo rking class, on ly If II figllls fo r gcnu~ne, soc ial legis..
larion, for unemplopnenl ins ura nce; o nly Jf It fights r~r
land for Ihe white and black sharc-crop~c~s a n d ror theIr
liberation from the burden of debt; on ly If It wo~ks, for the
cancellalion of th e f:lrmers' indebtcdness; o nly If tt fi g hts
for the equa l status of the Negroes i on ly if ~t fights for the
demands of the W:l( veterans, and for the Intercsts or the
members of the libera l professions, the small business men,
the artisans. And so on.
It goes without 5..1ying that such a party will fight (or
the election of its own ca ndidates to local offices, to the state
legislatures, to the House of Representatives and the Senate,
Our comrades in the United States acted rightly in taking
the initiative (or the creation of such a party. But they still
have 10 take effective measures in order to make the c rcatioQ.
It

35
of such ;J. pan )'. the cau se of the masses thcmS!l .... es. The
question o f (orlllln ~ a" \Vo rkers' nnd F a rmcrs' Party," and
ilS prog r;unUie. shou ld be d iscussed at O\nss meetings of
the peoph:. \Ve shou ld de .... cl0 l> the most widesprcad mo ....e
menl for Ihe creatio n of sllch :I part y. and t;lke Ih e lead in it.
In no ( :1 St: II1 USt the initiative of organisi nR' the party be
allowed 10 pass 10 cleme nt s desi rous of ul;li si n~ the disconIcnt o( Ih e masses which havc hecomc di sillusioned in both
the bouq.:-cois parties. Dcmocr;\t;c a nd Re pub lic:. n. in o rder
CO create :1 .. third pany .. in Ihc United States, as an anticommun ist P:lfly, :1 party dirCCled ag-ainst the rcvolutionary
A G AIS$TI'AS CI S ) (

IS

movement,

Great Britain.
In Gr<:(It Urita i n, :.s :l. res ult o f the mass action of the
BritiSh workc rs, ~Iosl ey ' s fascist o raa niS:l.ti o n has fo r the
time being bee n pus hcd into Ihe background, But we must
not close o ur eyes to the fa ct th at the so-called " ~al io nal
Go\'Crnlllc nt ," is p;tssi ng a' num ber o f rcacti o nary m easu res
directcd ngaln s t lhe working class, as :l resu lt of which
conditions arc being created in Creat Gritain, too, which
will makc it ~:ts~' fo.r the bOllr~eoisie, if necessary, to pro~ to a f.:t SC ISt. reg- JIllC . At the preselll s tage, fighting- the
fa SC ist dan ger In Creat Br it:li n means l)Timarilr fiahti n g
Ge"
I:>
the "N"
. 1 altOna I o~ernm
nt. and its reactio nary . measures,
fightIn g the o fTenslve of capital. fiah l;n O" fo r the demands
of the unempl oyed, fighting again~t w:ge reduct iQns and
(or the repeal o r all th ose Jaws wilh the help of which the
BritiSh bourgeoisie is lowering the standard o r living of the
maSSeS.
But the gro wing hatred or the workina class ror the
" National Governm ent" is \lnitin .,. incrca~n"'lY large nurn.
bers under the sloga n of the fon~ation of ~ '"c'w ~ Labour
G~'Verl111le1!l in <?rcat Britain. Cnn the Communis ts ignore
thIS frame or mllld o f the m asses , who s till retai n faith in
a L:lbour Government? No. comrades. \ e must find a
way .of approa~hing th ese ma sses . \ Ve tell them openly,
3S did the TllJrl eeni h Cong-ress o f the Briti sh Com munist
Pari\', that \\'c Communist s arc in fav o ur of a Soviet
gover~me~t, as th e o'll~' form of government capable or
emancq)allng the workers from thc "oke or capi tal. But yOIl
",nnr a Labo llf Government? Vc'ry well. Vve have been
<lnci are fi g-tHin g lwnd in hand with ~rou for the defeat of the
01 National Government."
Vve arc prepared to support your
(b)

)6

/
licr hr (or IIC
$pi lt ' of
,/,",1 n o t

\ ' 1)

T 11 t

'

II'; 1 1'-' II

C 1..15'

A C AI N ST

(If n n('W Lahnu r r.o ve rllmc nl

nrnlnl101l

/ "'

1 )(l~lr

('

'
, In

.O\'t'rnmcn
iliad,' 10 Ih," wo rk ing' class by fl ' s

ho th nlC

,h.' (nee.'I1M11Ii:'t'~

fu lfil lilt pro/

\ VCI O rio" '

pn'I' I CH IS

l'S""f' ! till"; g,w,' r nll1f'UI 10 '"

, ,'

"

". r. )"
P llfl,\' ,
.
,
B ut tl'j' shall ",,'snl l It ~l.Ji l " ,.
/ .:lbOUf .
'
1 l sHr(~ .
/
"' / '
I 'I~
mhst /I t:.
_
work
in
l!
t: :I S~ 1111 IOns, II"
"
0.11 ~oc
~
. I nan u' 0 ' "
. .
. .
.
t It
dl1111nnd, In l it

, ",,/ "(:on o IlU C and p o lllu' ;11 I nter ..

0.'; ' c!'."cn I,....
'.

.
..S IS
-'('{end
the
nI .
( / of , II lo llc- f!> . Let us JOllltl\, (h .. ~,
..

c1:'1S$ :1 0

.
,"'- ISs

r ,',..

(If rh t" wo rkln~ , o f sLich (klll amis. :111<1 le i liS ne h i,"

r()C' f:lmm o! -
. .
It
" ('()nlmoo r . ',
-h ich d Ie p rolt- tan :H rl'q lllft.:s in Ord
.. of ;'le i ,tOn \\ off'n .. i,'c (I f I IIe .. N"
/ C OVI!, "
'h:1I unfl\
~ ,'WOlla

rl!:lCIiOll il r\'
C ,
I /
n.
h
/
lo,.epe , e ' k ( "
' lIlel filsn ~ m . :l11( I I C prep"
" I ' rc H:'1 C' 0 Cil . ,
' , /
'
men!. I Ie . ,
0, ,h is bil~is, ,he 11nils.
1 comrades ;'I,
,
r
n'II' wa r.
r
"
I
'
"
lion!'> lor il C
fo r'hco min:: P:lrll:ullcnlilr,l' e ec tlon.s to Co..
prepMcd ~t I'~
, .. of th e L:lbou r P,1ft ,l' :l;.!:lIn St Ihe
opt.r.,le wllh mnc Ie , , .. rind :\1 50 :'I,r:'linSI J .lo\'(1 GeOT,r,
.
"
,.,
I "
, .

I C. overnmen,
N
I :'Illon;1
,
,
' n hi .. ow n 11':'1\' 10 lurc I IC Ill:'lSSes into
who i,~ e;de:wo~~;i~S'1 Ih ~- C:lUSC of th,e. working clOlSS and
(011 0 \\ ,~,.. hIm ""f I
I3ritis h uo ur!!"cOIsle.
in the mlerestS ('J r Ie
'.
,
. .
..
f rhe Britis h Communi sts ,s :l co rreCt Onl!.
11115 posI ti on 0
,.
' d f
"I
'" ,'/) :l mtllt ':Hlt IlflltC
ro
nt
WIt
1 the
,'
Uh
"
p(lcrn
"
'
.
.
I
'
0
I
rt . ",I C f bers of th e Britls h (r:'lde un Ion s Olnd the
mdhon5 0 mem
British Labour PMI)'.
.
,Vhile always remnining in th e fro nt mnk s of the fi gh~lng
'
d pointin O' out to the masses the on ly Ti gh t
ro
el8nnt,
an
,.,
he re\-o
' Iutlo
' nary O\'e r~
I
P
Ihe
s(ru
O'
O
'
le
fo
r
t
p.1lh-t he p.1. 'h of he bourO'cOlS'c
~,., .,
d l IIe esta hi"ISh mcn t of
a
n
,.,
. . d fi "
,
throw 0 f t h e ru Ie of
'
.'1 Soviet e-o \,ernm ent- the ComnHlnlsls. 10
e InlO g' theIr
immedil'lte 'political a ims . muSt no t altempt ~ o leap oyer those
necessn ry stages of Ih c mn ss movement . In the cour~ of
which Ihe \" orkin~ c!:lss masses by Ihe lr ow n ex p~f1ence
o utli,'e th eir illusions nnd pnss over to the Side of
Communism.

p",''' '

(c) France.
France . .1.S we kn ow, is a cou ntry in whi ch th e working
cI.1.SS is setting .1.n example to the wh ole wo rld ~rol eta.riat of
how [0 fight fascism. Th e Fre ~c1~ CommunIst .Party is
setting an cxample to all th e sectI o ns of the COlll1nt e rn of
how the w.clics of the united fro nt should be conduc ted ;
the Socialist workers are setting an example o f what the
Social~Democratic wo rke rs of o ther capitalist countriQs
should now be doing in the fight against fascism.
.The

~ASC1S~1

37

'j!lli fiC'lt rICl' IOf thl.: :rn ti - faSf. j..;[ /1 " Ill()n ~tr:l li()n . :1 1\<"r"k (\ hy

~,ltll( :l IlI ill;(lIl PCII I'it- , ht'l~1 in P :lris (' n J uly 11111 n.r thi S
'c:,r. :1111 1 of II.I.: I UlIIH"r.r~tI ~ d~' moll s t r: ' t ;on s i n lI, ht r I'r/'nd,
" 'ic~ i~ In'I'II' II / I' "I S , 111 /:-' IS not IIW fI ' ! Y n Il\O\"' mt nt of
~1 Iin il ed w"rkiu;.! da:-.s fromt: it is the h('g ill nin~ of 11 wide
~ener:d frmlt of the p"nple n;,!"ai nst b scis m in F rnnce.
T his II l1ill'd fron t mO\'{:lIlc nt c nlianCl's the confidencc of
he working- c1:I:-'s ;n i,<; ow o fo rces; i, s tr e n~theos its
~o/l sc iOl1sl1 ess of the ICOldio;:! rolc il is pl:tyin ;:! in rel atio n
to the pC:'ls:,lIItr ~ . 'he pe u y hnl~rJ!(:oi sie of th e tow ns nnd t~lC
intelli j:!entslOl; I ' ex te nds tilt: 11lnl1c nce o f the Communi st
Pa rl \' :'IIllOIl!.! the \\'r)fking' cl ass fll:l SSCS, :lnd therefore h rings
neW 'strell J!th to the proil'la ri:'l t in the fi glll ,,~:tin s t faS(:ism.
It is m o bil i s; n ~ ill gond lime the vig il:lnc'e of the m:'lS~s in
f<'j:! Md to thr fascis, dange r . .'\nd it will sc rve :\s a n infc-e,
li ous ~:X :'lmple fo r th e dc\'elo pment o( th e :'I IHj.fascist
strug j:!' le in oth e r capi tal ist countr ies and will e xercise a
hetttienin g- innlle nce o n Ihe prole tarians of Germany c ru shed
down by th e fa sc ist <! ictOlt o rship.
The victo ry, need lcss to 5."IY. is :'I bi g o ne , bu t it st ill
does no t decide the issue of the nnti.fasci st str ugg le . Th e
ove rwhelmin g fll:'lj o rit \ of the French people :\ re un
doubted] y o pposed to fasc ism. But th e bourgeoisie is able
br !HOled fo rce to vio late the wi ll of peoples . The fascist
moveme nt is cont inuin g to d evelop .:lbsolut cl)' freely. with
the active su pport of monopoly capital. the Stale apparatus
of the bourgeo isie. th e gene rnl stnff o f Ihe Fre nch a rm y.
and the rencl io na ry leaders of the Cath olic church-that
strongh old of all reacti o n. Th e mOSt po werful fa Scis t organisatio n. th e Croix ele Fell. no w comma nds 300.000 a rmed
men. the backbone of whic h consists of 60.000 offi ce rs of
the reserve. It holds st ro ng pos iti o n ~ in the police. the
gendarmerie. the arm y . the ai r fo rce and in all government
offices. The recen t municipal e lect io ns have shown that
in France it is no t only the re\'olutio na rv fo rces that are
erowing, but al so the fo rces of fa scism. 1f fascism succeed s
in penelrating- widely a mo ng the peasa ntr\" a nd in securing
the suppo rt of o ne sectio n of th e a rmv. white the other section remains neutral, the Fre nch to ilin g- m asses will not be
:lble to preve nt the fasci sts from coming to po we r. Comr:ldes. do no t forg- et the o r/!"anisa ti o nal weakness of the
Fren ch ll'lhonr movement, which te nds to facilitate the success of the fascist attack. The working class and alt anti.

TilE

38

"O K"IN O

I.

10

f:l sdsl"; in Fr;l IlCC ,;we, I

''

' I

the ((':ill IS
\ V!I :lI

tl

'

C I. ... S S

grollnds (or
I

AGAINST

reSt i n g- CO llt e llt

Irc'ld)" nclllc n :( ,

:1(1,)

'

lilt:

('ISC iSI

[II

France ?

1 _ ['.lJ lis lllllCI11 of ;l un it ed f rollt n

:lc/l ic\'c I I e C!'
.
1
,
0'
r /1M. 10 . ' I ' 1 'f'" but atso III I Ie ccon ollHC Sl)h ....
, 1 -, )01111('".1 sf'le....
. ' _
1_
. " rc
only / 11 I II.: I
',
I ' ' tnJ ..... lc :J t!". IIIl ~ 1 I Ie ca p Li ali
,
d
I
o r '~l/l l:.c [Ie S
.. 1:>
1 I'
. ~t
III or cf 0
"" "
;SS'urc 10 s nl:i!O I I h: r C:-.ISlancc uller ..
'0
o c n s J\ c" ,'Ind . 1)1'
' lisI .pre
the IC:ldl'fS 0 ( I IIe' rc'(0 r llll' ~ 1 C On (celcr.
L~'

10 t he United Ironl u)

11:0> 1 <;lrengthCIl orgfll1ls:lII on nll y and ext end fllr_

whi ch h:ls ,ll rC:1dr de\'eloped

th er th e ,1nll:lSl; I:.t III \0,.
I
I
I'
b' '
'd ' , I cr"[ttion of e eete( no n- :Irt\" OdlCS
bv the WI cspn.\ I(.....
, n . ' f 'I',
'
,
'f . ' .. .....ple's fronl . th e 1I111Ue nCe 0 WlI dl cx_
of th e anll-'d.1SCt!'t ss.'
1'1 " ,hall those 111
. I IIe pM "1I.: :;:ln d torl' ers'
tends fO WJ cr Illtl . .: .
.'
or O'":wisa lio ns in Fr:1I1 ce at present HI ex t st ell c~ .
.
" I''Itl,W
"f I
th ,e <hsb;IIl<!lIlg
scc urc b)' their pressure
.'
' , ' nnd
'
'
f ,I e 13sci,,( or 0O'"n IlJ5.'l Il OIlS, tis oreanls.'llJons
of
~
f I I'
dIs.1rtlU n O'" 0 I . . . .
, ,. 5 '"rlinst lite republic and ngcnts 0
Iller in
consptra or 0'
Francc.
,
f tIIe S" a c apparatus. tIIe
",/1
,
"chie\'c
[he
I)U
rcr
lng
0
..., 1.\ I, 0..
:0>
.
I
'
army and the police of the conspirators w 10 arc pre p~lrJng a
f:l.SCisl coup.
.
'St~enl!t, [0 dc\'clop the slruggle a~<lInsl th e leaders of
the react ionary c1iQlIes of Ihe Catholic chur~h, as one of
[he mOst important ~tron~h olds of .French fa~ ,sm ..
Eighth, [0 link the army up wltl.l Ihe antl-faSC ISI IllO\'~
Iuent by creating in il s r~nk~ com~lIl1ees for .the defence of
the republic and th e conStJlut, on, d,recl ~d aga~nst. those who
w~nr to ulilise the army for an anti-conSltlUllonal coup
d'etat,' not 10 allow the re~IClionary forces in France 10 wreck
the Franco-Soviet .1grecment. which defends th e C~IIJ SC of
peace again st Ih e nggres!'ion of German' fascism.
And if in France th e anti-fascist movement leads to the
formation of a. government which will carryon a rcal
strugg le against French fascism-not in word but in deed
-wm carry out I the programme of <;Je.mands of the antiO UT

.o( .,',

0 .... men'

Y'

llIld l it e FlIscisl .\lllSS O rganisatio 'ls.

CO lll r;"ldo:~. the ligh t fo r Ihe c ~l;\bli~hmo: nt oi a united.
( ont ill co untries where t he fa~ i :;ts ;.re ill power is perhaps
~ 11I0St im portant prohlcm thot co nfron ts us. In such
~~JI\!ries. of .c~ lI rsc:, the .Iight is car.ricd un ~nder ~a r more
J ' lli c u1t cond illons th an IS lhe ca~ 11\ cou ntries wilich have
l: "al l:lbour 1II0vemenlS. :\cvc nhc1c!)S, a ll the conditions
esis{ in fasc is.t cO \ln t ri t!~ for th e dc"elopmc n.t of a ren\ al\~i
fasc ist people s front In the struggle <Igamst the fa SCis t
d'ictatorship, since the Social-Dcmocratic, Catholic and other
workers, in Germany fo r illswnce ..... rc in a pOSit ion to. re<l\ise
no re directl y 1111.': nco.:ssit)' for .1 joint struggle Wi t h the
COJlllllu ni sts again st the fasc ist dictal orship. \Vide strala
of the )>ell): bo ur g~'Oisie an ~1 the pca::':-'III)' , .hav.ing al ~e3.d)'
wstOO the biller fnl1.t ~ of f~lSC t St rul e! arc grow in g In.cre3s~ngl)'
discontented an d diSillUSioned, which fact makes It caSlcr to
~nlist them in thc anti-fasc ist peoplc's front.
C
Uut th e princi pal IiIsk in fascist co untries, p<lnicula rl y
in Germ<l n)' and Ital y, wh ere fasc ism has managed to gain
a nWSS basis and h;:ls forced the workers and allier loilers
intO its organisations, co nsists in a skilful combin<ltion of
the struggle again st the bscist dictatorsh ip from wi thout and
its underminin g from within, in side the fascist mass organi- ,
5<'l lions and bodies. Special methods and mea ns of
approach suited to the concrete condi tio ns prcvailing in these
countries must be learned, mastered and <\pplicd, so as to
facilitate the rapid disintcg ration of the mass basis of fascism
and to prepare the way for Ihe ove rthrow of the fasci st dictatorship. \Ve must learn, maSter and a pply thiS, and not
onlY shout " Down with Hitler I" and .. Down with
Mu'ssolini!" Yes , learn . maSter and apply.
This is a diOkuit and complex task. It is all the more
difficult beca use our ex perience in successfully combating
the fascist dictatorship is ex tremely limited. Our Italian
comrades, for in stance, have already been fighting under
Ihe conditions of a fascist dictatorship for about t:\lrleen
years. Nevertheless, they have not succeeded in developing
a r';'11 mass struggle against fascism, and therefore they
1'111; U ll iled Fro!!!

rr -'. .

:lI ion ot I.abou r . .

Ie union \l ll il\' in Fr:lIlcc- uni" ,
S':cQlld. 10 ;l dIlCI'C I r:1(
_ .
<YeTI :
C{
. _ iJ,1-ed o n the cl:t ss :,I f ll.... :-- t,;.
[(:Ide 1I1l10 nS
sl '
' , h. ",Ii. fascis t 1II0 \ CIlIl.; 111 the brO",1
'1
.
i
10 c ll lS I HI
.... '
. '
1 11ft,
.
' " oLlr ,'cois nt :.l~se~ , d e \'o t lll ~ s pcci<l l
the pCII\. - ...e of ....the [t nli-f
'
,
pe,1S.11l I Ill"ISSC<;
.'
.,
,ISC'I:-! people's
frOnt
.1ttenlion In the prog r,'lllllll
'0 their ur<Ycnt dClllflnds.
.'

39

pco p k ' ~ frunt, the COllllllunisls, 1lJhi/e rel/willillg the

' ~(CCO I1 /; i l ;\blt.: ~oc~ or evcry ho ur gl.:v~s govcrnlllclH , <.LIl.d supI (Icrs of ~ I !;V\'lcl g0\"c rn mclli . wll] I\evc rlh cl~li. 111 {<lee
17 1111.: t:"rvwin;; l a::.ci ~t dange r, be pfl'plHCd /0 Slipport SllCh
~ lJ(we lllm elll.

wi l h

"k ' cun frontill t; t ill: w ar]"u ;.! class .

[.1S S

FASC ISM

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1II1'11;uds of U\wthro win /: Ih is dic wtorshlp :I~d :l.r e m:\ln
'
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<: " ;0 11 This w e IllUSI beM III m Ind wltr n
IIl1nlll O":1 w;IIIln;; po_I
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m:lm' and wh en we ~k . slUd~' :lnd :lpply spccl:l1 meth od!

01 b'ringi n,; "boUI rhe IIn dermininl! " nd o ve rlh row of the
(;" . is! dicl:llorship in Germa ny,
.
1n order to be able 10 ~Irike a telling b'?w :" the (:lSW' 1

cl ic l:Horshi p. WI.' muSt lir:,! lind Olll whal IS ItS mo~t \ ' 1." .
nNab le poinr. \\'h at is the :\~h iH cs ' h~1 o f Ihe: fascl,!:1 die.
IMo rshi p ? li S socia l ba!'is, 1 he l:l ll er IS eXlre:n~el)' h etc roccn OOIlS, II i!> made up o ( various classes and varlOliS s tral .'\S
socif'f\. F.1srism has proclainlt.'d itscl( the sole represe nln.
11 \ ' (' o f ~ II c1a!-Scs and 511<113 o f the population: Ihe m :III\1'

of

... " ~ I :.. ) I I ... ~ .- I ' M

'Iure r 1"',( l li e w".k"I , l ite 1111111" " 11 11 1; and Ihc uncmployed,

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b i ].; C:'IIII :l1 i:> t ;1I1d Ih e

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,r ll~ .
I
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11 11.1 11l1' 1.111 , 011 1"':':-: '1 , 1,

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"ciSI tln;II""1:.1 "p, 1110' cla ..... 1 ""lIadie ' ",n ~ h el w el.!n tht:
f:;t:k of !t. 1II 1" , :11 111 .' ).: 1' ,11' ... : ,11 , 1 111 " u\'c l w lwlminc ma jorit y
I f the IJI'IJplt" ,Ire h,UII ;":) " 0111 111 g ll'Me.,l I c hd ,
(I
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"b the
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'
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" a IIl S' lllo ns '
\\"or kcr .
h:J."O: JOIIl Ld Ihem IIIIOII ;..: 1t l ;.,: n"raI1 Cc , 11.1 t:IKe part in the
0' st d o no/ I'u y III ", . " ,,' ul s " ,' tI", L1efen ce uf thei r cl..on o"" , " ,}!tIII,1i :Ind Luhur al 1111 " .- "", It I:' fu r t hi::. 1l." ' !IoO n
III1YI
'
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Iho: bc=sl ..,';lIlI p il) n .. "I It,.. . l.l y _I". I t. I ~ II\ IC fL':-'\'o vi t hc lIla:.s of
UlcllllJefS, : 111.1 /1 111 .. 1 t)l" , l I" i n 111;11<1 Ih :II a s Ih c \\ o rkc r s bdolll):, ... 10 lit",,).., oq.: .,tlI .... II I"n ... ilt';": 111 lIIorc :.l I\d lIIo re frequcnl l y
In bdl.'!l1and !I'L'l r ri ght.. .Int! tll'I l'lIt! I h,,~ i r in lerl'sls , the )' In1O",,:1bl\'
('( .1Ill' inlll " ' lllIlel \\ 11" tllJ,; fa ~bl t.!ictato r!lhi ,),
c=\ ..
,
In dl'fI' Il, I!JI;.! l!t ~ IIr g " lll :l1Id, ; 11 hr~t , th e m ust el em en tary
. lerestS IIf lh c tu ilin g m :IS:-,'" IIf Iu wn ant.! co unt, )' , it is
~fll pa.r:1l i " c1y ~.hi t' r I~' li nd a ,', .1ll1ll0 n t~lIl gllage n Ot o nly
'jlh Ihe CO Il!'>C IOU " ; 1I 111 l a .:.CI~I '. IHn ;llso \I It h th o~ tOilers
....,hO M e :-t lll :;upp" rrt' r:- o f f:t "-C I:-m. bu t a re disillu sioned
IIC
Ihe

b ,;;: b Ullq;COI:u',

:nd dis:-:l li ~li\.,t1 wi t li II" po licy. anli nrc grumbling and seeking an oc(": I ~io n f(.r l'sprc~si ll r! th ei r d isco ntent. \V c must
in <Te ner:tl r C:ll iS(' t h :l l all o ur 1;\(" li cs in co untries where a
f:lsci s l d iCI:/tor:-b i p pTl', ails 11\\1 '" he o f such a charac l e r as
nOI to repul se the ra nk-an d . fi le !oiupponcr!' of fa scis m, not
10 throw the m o n('c

mo re into the ar lllS o f fascism, but to

deepen Ih e c h:lsm lJe tw ee n the f:t sc iM l eaders and the mass

of disillu sio ned rank-a nd-filc fo ll owers o f fascism drawn
(rom the loi ling strata ,
\Ve nced n Ot be dismay ed, comrad es, if the people
mobilised "round these da\'-t o-d av interests consider themseh'es eith e r ind ifft: rc nl '10 po li'lics o r eve n foll o wers of
fascism. Th e impo rt a nt thin g- fo r us is to draw them into
Ihe mov c m e nt whi c h alth o ug h it may n ot at first proceed
openly un de r the s lo gans o f (he strugg le against faSCism,
is already object ivel y an anti.fa scist m o vement counterposing th ese masses ag ain s t th e fascist dictatorship.

13
be siruck off rmd o lhc r ca ndidnles,

... ' . .\ I SS T F .... C ISN

..... OIt I(I :-I

(;

CL. \ ) J

-'

-'

"ie \" I h:1I It I S !:C'f, c rnlly

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~ Iocr of other (t&!>Clst
, ,,!\'cn Ihl,i r lbrl',:t r clu~ 1 10
" n.un . ssi "il )' :lnd (cl-{Itlc nti) , " llioIiS b\' plltlll\~ wurk ill
I IC'kr ~"I' " , c f.:.,r j"'l rn;ls,s org-~In l:-O, ,,"o'r k ill t he f .. sci:-'l 11l: ISS
'or ' !II
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111;'! 55

lilliC" not at .1 ,
feebly, a ~1(1 some , -I e factor ieS,
"
"
.... " ni s.1110 Il S and. In, I I,'>orWll , ,I, ."" .....
I 'u lllllllllll S IS III
Ih e
o' eo"
Yet il is parlu;III .lrl) :;'1' wl!erC\'e r Ihe llIassc~ 'lfC 10 be
fasci st co unlrlCS shou ld " "cd I' workers of th e H o wn leg;'!1
found F:lscism I):IS dcpm d ',-Ie hscist o r .... anb.::ll io ns upOn
".'
I I - force I Ie
!'o
I "
o rgan isa tiOns .
t I:I!!'
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"sses aTe b}'
compu ~ lO Il. or
'C lh ll ttl c m
' . . . ...
the m, and "II "IS 11leT
,
TI sc rnnSS f.ISClst
o rg-.lIl1SaIlO nS
10 SOllie exlent ,'olunwnl)'. I
',C'o r semi.lefT:!1 licld of aClion,
d . o llr . e<1a
.
"
I.
c."l n and must be rna c
b
Th ey ca n and mUSt (JC m ade
c.'l

I:;

where we cnn meet (he ma.s-~ . )Oi nt for the defence of the
our ie'J';1i or semi-leg.1 1 starling ' . In order to uti lise th ese

b
.
'I ' of the masses .
.
dny.lo-dn)' uH e res s
."'
t 'Irive to win elecltvc POSts
possibi lit ies, CommUlils ts /n~s : wi th thc object of L'~tab.
" , f . I 11ass orgaOls."lllon:;,
I
I
In Inc asc lS I
,
seS 'Ind muSt rid t le lll ~ vc5
fishing contact wl lh th e :;~Sdic~ ;ha t this kind of activit),
once :md for all of thc I P J f a re\'olutionar)' worhr .
is unseemly and Ullworl I)' 0
"
.
, ."
_
, . ' f ins tancc. th ere eX ists a systcm kn o\\ n .IS
In Ge rm .I Il}. ~r where is it Sla ted that we mu st Ica\'{"
shop d~leg3Ies .
ul , , " these or"a nisati o ns? Ca nno t we
Ihe faSCists :l monopo) In
": .
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. I Communi st SOC lalDemoc ratlc, a t 10 endeavour to uOIte t Ie

f
.
II t i e

lic and oth cr anli.fascis t workers ill the actorles so 13 win

Ihe list of shop deleg:tlt.-:; is voled ulx,n the known agents

Ihe ,'llIpl "ycrs /li lt)'

of . .jnt: ,II" l'oldid" l we ()( Ihe worke rs, in ..c rted in their
C:I'IJ~J ? P rnc li ce h a" 1I1 n'ad ), s h ow n Ih:/I Ih is is possihle ,
st~, .\ od di ll.:" 11 0 1 p.' ;'( IIll' :lho j:!O 10 show Ihnt it is po~sih\e .
. " 'th' wilh l lil: S f)(' III I.l) elll oc ralic ;lnd olher (I iscontc nted
l~l ~kCr:; . 111 delTl:llHl Ih.11 tl~ c s huI'> d clcg-:l t\.'s rc:,lly ddcnd
\\ 0 ' nl e re :. IS o( till' w(Jrk l:rs f
Ihc '!'nke
I
Ih t: .., J.(1IH<lH I'" r?" I '" In ro
\: c rmn n),. or the (II SC 'I S t
un ion .. III Il al \' . los II n OI p0<;:-'Iblc (I) lh' m:l nd Iha t the
d
[fa e "o n"Tl. C~ 0 f" H ' " ' .."I , K.t u r " run t " 1.K: ~'l'1:tC(
,
I , a nd not
lunCt!int(.'(I : to In
" :-I. " I t 1I:~ I I ,Ie "cat Ing
"
b Ol..h"\,s 01 th e locnl
~P:::ps repo rt 10 t he rlll'I' lI ngs of Ihc llIeml ~l' r:'< o f Ihe oq~a ni.
g r , os; to addr..:!'s cJlI' 'C de mands . (ullowlIll-! a d (,'c isio ll h)'
1110
rouP. to I Ie "lII jJ (I\cr. 10 I IC
;:::-uarc Ian I) Inoour, " to
g
50
1
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f
Ihe hi u!ll'r ")O( "Ie." 0 I I I..'
. ; ......,lI r I '' ron t .. ,! '1"1II..,
""I S po"~l"b\e ,
,he ."ded Ihe rc volution :" \' wo rkers rC:III\' \\ork wilhin the
rO \ -1

,
"
,
"
"
"
"P Labour I' ronl
a ll ( try 10 0 ) (:lI n ~:- I '" " ' It .

f''' ' '"-

$imil...r !I11l~od s (of \~' o r1~ are poss l~lle :Hlc! ~!'scntial in
her maS." f a:'CISI "r~a lll S.1 tl o ns " ISO-- tn the H itler 'V outh
Le"lgucs. in ~ le.~ po rt " orl!a nt ~'1,l l o n s . III l Ie .",ra jt <l urc h

0'

""

" , '"

Fre"de o r ~af\Is.:111 0 n!O ( Str~" l gth J l!rough Jny), In Ihe Hoppo

LntJo ro in It :ll y , in th e co-opc r:lti \'es, and !'O forth,

Conlf:ldcs. you will r em em be r th e 3n c ie nt talc o f Ih e copfTro\,. T roy was inaccess ibl c 10 the a rmies a ttncking her
O
e
lur
'
1
"
h:tnks to h' er .
I mprc~ n:l >Ie w alls . And th e :1ttackmg :trm )"
f (ter suffer in g ma nv ~'\c rificcs. was un :lble to "chieve vic:ory until wi lh Ihe aid o f the fa mo u!O Tro jan h o rse it m:lnnged
10 penetrate 10 th e vc ry h eart of t he c nem y ' s c.'1 mp ,
\Ve rc \,oluti o n:lrv wo rke rs, it :lppcars to m e, s hould not
be: shy about \lsi n!! th e s..'1me lac tic." with regard 10 o ur bscist
wh o is dcfendin~ him self :'l!!ainst th e people wilh the
help of th e living w:111 of hi s cutthroats ,
He who r:t ils to un derst:t nd thc necessity o f :1pplyi n g such
t3clics in the caSC of f::l :-cism. he who rC~3 rd s such a n :1'jr
proach as .. humili ati n ~. " m ay be :l most e xcell e nt comrade.
but, if you will a ll o w m e to say so, h e is a windba g and not
n revoluti on:uy, he will h e un able to lead th e masses to the

roe

o\'erthrow of th e fas c i ~ t d ictato rship.

Growing up il1 sidl! and out side the fascis t or!!~,"is.."\tions
in Germany, Itah' a nd th e o th e r countries in wh ich rascism
possesses :l masS bilSis , th e mn ss m ovem e nt for a united
front. sfMtin~ with th e ndvoc:lcy o f the most elementary

requirements, c han gi ng it s forms and watchwords of the

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C
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,.. r:

a nd J..:ru\\!'\, wi ll b.o
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' h'll w r \\ !I: II IH'\\' ~"' II1 S hI ,111 :,,, \ _ I
( till' t! w f \\ 111 S' ,
f ,lit: {a ~j :-t .1"' 1: 11 1)1"10 111 11 . lJ
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Our alOtudc o~ ab, . o \'ernllle nl :-: of c(lll1p ~(J n ll~-' wilh
<>'o \'ernlll cntS, \\'h.'c lI ",',Ckgo" rll. Bul th i ... nOlwlth SI,1 nd iflrr
to
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'
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1,_
, o f a So('i(lI- I)~'''' n a(Jf!(' !:Ot'(' T
~....- d h e l')O~I C I1CC'
_
,
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we do nOI rCe,ar I"
"0 'crrll ne "! (o rl11l'<i 11,\ :I SOCia l.
n ~ \
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IV Wit I vv ,.
,
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Democrn llc , pM , the es[;l'

_ ,, I' ~" ,nlenl o f ;t unll e , ront with
ablt obSIIlC e f o r
,
definite issues, \Vc belic ve that in
the Soci:d_Democrals ? n (r~nt (o r th e defen ce o f thc \'ital
ed
'
also
n
IIml
"In t IC S"rugg C "gains!
,
h
s, uc a c' ~

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:lnd
f the- tOI !fIg' /' -
d
Inttrests 0 ,
"I
d rj 'cc:ss"n', II ~ I:ln S 10 rcaSOn
'
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I'" A OSS' I} t' a n
I"
,
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f ascism
is (1" 1 ,C
cp,escnl:tl i\'c!o' o f SOCia - CIllOratic

nl(l eS \\' Icrc r

D
- . I c go\'crnnll'nt, the S OC I: I - c mocratic
rh al In cou
p;arries
rrt I~C I ~realest rt'sistDPl cC to Ihe p ro leta rian
lea.dcrship a t'+shj~ is qui'te cOmpreh e ns iblc, Aft er :l ll . they
uniled (ront . I bourgeoisie that it is th e)' wh o C:l n keep
le
W:lnt ,to show td
rking classes unde r conlro l :lnd prevenl
the dlscontente wo
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the
tnfluence
0
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mmun
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them ro m a 109 u
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,
Ih,n
,n)'o
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else.
IC
:lct,
IOWever ,
',("
and mo re Sk' I II Y
that Soci:l I~DemocrJtic minis ters :lrc oppo~d to . the 'prol~
,
" ed (ra nt can b)' no mea.ns Jus tIfy n SltU:ltl o n 10
t:lrl:ln unl
I'
bl ' l
'/ d f tOl1l
which tlu Communists do not IItig to cslel IS ' aun t t

r,

.,.

I.",eo

0/ the

prol~lilriDt.

-'" of

Our commdes in the Scandin;w~:ln countries o f le n foll o\\'

the line of Jeolsf resis tance, cOrlft""'g themsel~lts to PrO-!M.
ganda exposin~ the S ocial-Democ-r"tic gO'iJC'r"".lCnls. This ~s
a miSf:lke . In Denmark, fo r e X:lmple, Ihe Socml-Dcmocrahc
leaders h:l\'e been in Ih e go\'ernme nt (or the !:lst te n years
:lnd for len yeolrs dol)' in and d:l)' o ul Ihe CO~lmunists ha\'c
been reiter.1ting Ihat it is a bourgeo is, a capitallsi government,
\Ve h:l\,c 10 assume Ih:'ll the Danish workers are acquainted
with this propaganda. The (act that a considerable majority

I
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, ,'r " 111 :,1'111' ..... hundr.d ...
f"
I lIiIo . ,"~h ,-,f \\" rk, "" :.ft '0;,1, " 1/1',1 \\llh all , III,: ;..:o\,,,r n of I 1~I\I;a "II ('t '~ (If Ihe ~'ri'i ;,I- lJellltx; ratic min b lc rs . No, Ihey
1l1
IUc!
01 ,\,,/1.,/;,',/ w, lh II ... fal'! l!tat h y i l:. ~.._ca l1e d .. cris is
ll
,
'IferceIHe n l" I , Ie S" lX ,:, ,-, ) Cllu.cr:,I 'IC ~o \' crnlll"n l a SSIMS
I , Ie
:l~
I pi/(I/I\b ,Olel l IIlHI(j~ I} II "r s alll l nul \he wl)rkers ;lno.l poor
blg ,c',' I" T h,'\' a rc 111,\ ~:l\i ~fll,:d wi lh Ihe dec ree issucd II)' Ihe
.v:' \:>-'l
r '-" rIl Ill CIl I in Ja n"ar,\' . 1933, \\h iel! d e pri\'ed Ihe workers
n(I\ C
'
,
,
"
,
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Ie , jJ:11f to s In' /: " . "" ICy are nOI ~' tls
h c .. \\ 1\ I I \C C"\'c rt\~
of ! 'I deci~i" l1 10 "~-tlrlll tll~ p,,/ jc;,' (" Hi (Jll(l rl~ ' !llcm i ll baT_
IliC ~s T he\'' ;,re nul , :-.:, Ii ~ti,d wilh Ihe proj ec l of the Social, ~
,
oc ra l ic lc: l dcr ~ hl p for :1 <.Iang-croll~ tllIli-JCIII QCHI/IC
I~e~o ,ol refo rm (whil' h wo uld oJilsidembly H..'<.luce the n um(~: of de p uties). I !-oha ll hardl y he in erro r, comrades. if I
be Ie th:!1 99 per ce llI. of Ihe lJani s h wo rkcrs (fa n ot app r otJi!
~' these p o lili c:11 ~ll-pS I.,ke n hy Ihe Social~De moc r alie
le;lde rs :Hld lilt n 1:.,1 c r~.
I ' it no t possi ble (o r the Co mmuni sts 10 call upo n the
d: un ion :lIld Soc i:d-Democ r:ll ic o q;3ni salio ns of De nII' k to d iscuss the \,:" io us burning: issucs , 10 cx press their
lIlar
"
, y come ou t f or a proIct:ina
' n
, ions o n th e m and JOint
OP!~cd fro nt with the Objl."C l of Ob tainin g the wo rkers' d(."u"nds ? In O ctobe r o f lasl yea r, when our Dani sh com'
"
des :lppc:tled
10 Ihe Ir:\ d e unio
ns 10 :lct :l~: lIn s t the reduc-1IIlCIll,)lo\', ll1 c n t relief a nd fo r thc dcm ocratic , ri ghts
lion
f Ihe Iwdc uni o ns, :lbo u~ :l hundr(.-d loca l trade ulll o n o r~anisatiO n s jo inC'd the unltcd fr o nt.
g In S~l'('d': l1 a ,-.,
c OCIa
" - D Clll ocratl' C go\'c rnmc nt 'IS (o r tl1e
, ',d lillie in ,)owc r, but th e S w edi sh Communi s ts have
III
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r
"
for:l long time rdu sed 10 a pply the unite d ro nt tact ics III
ractiCe , \Vhy ? \Vas it bec~l.\I se they were o pposed to
fht united fr o nt? No, i n princ iple, o f course, th ey were
for the unit ed front . fo r a united fro nt i n gC lI c'tal, but they
failed to unde rs tand in wh:l t ci rc umsta nces. o n what ques.tions, in d efe n ce o f wh:lt de~lla nds a pro le larian unite~ front
could be s uccessfull \' cst:lbll s h ed , whe r~ and how t~
hook
on," j\ (e w m o nth s before th e Social-Democratic Party
formed ils government, it ad\'anc~d durinJ:! the e\cclion~ a
plat(orm co ntainin c- d e mands which ,,,"ere ~he very thing
10 include in a platfo rm of the proletarian United front. For
,-Y.

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o,'er II, f or "III 11I:1, . .
com lit.-d to m eet al le:lSt somc o f th ese dl'01 :ln( s. '. \1 ;ln y
rnlC.peW I1:1 1 ha s I, .."[)pcnoo now. when the go\"crn
. ' menl irlS1ea<l
'"- 1""1' " I - s ," ,' ud so me of Ihe dull
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of teo f nvv I ~ lin,." l.I, "
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""m I,as
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slnclln
J nns
enl:1r
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- , >lH. ~!!".I. :lnd
ins-I c:.d' of rejecling :lny legisl:1l1 on d~r~tccl/~.?I n st Itl(' tr.""l de
unions h ,l S ilst'l! inlroduced such a bil l ~ n I :lrll:J. menl. would
no t h:i\'c h:1pPcllcd. True. on Ih e I:!.st Issue, ~I~e COlI~ I~lun i.sl
Pm,\" o f S wedcn Cllrriod Ihrotll-!'h ;1 good '.I1 . , ~S Gl lllp.lI gll In
Ih c spirit of the p rolelMittn unilCd fro~1 wllh. th e n 's u!! Iltal
in the end e,'cn Ihc Socittl-DCIIlOCr:lIIC P: ITI I:lll1 e nt :lry fr:le_
lion (c it co nstrai ned 10 " Ole agains t Ihe #!o\,crnmenl hill . with
Ihe rcs ul! 111:1 1 (or Ihe t im e being Ih e bi ll ha s hee n dcfe:lted ,
Th e Nor:.t'cgitl"1I Communist!" were right in ,c:1 l1.il~g- Upon
the o rg;lI1i s..l lio ns o f Ihe Labour Part~- to Oq::III ISC JOI nt May
Oa\- d emonst rat ions :lnd in pUllin g- forward a nllmher of
d em.l nds which in Ih e main coinc'jded wilh Ih e d cm:lnds
contained in th e eJeclion platform of the Norwegian I.abo ur
Parry. 1\!th ouKh thi s step in favour of n unit ed (rOil I was
poorly prepared and rhe leaders/lip of the Norwegian Labour

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lissolull un " I Ihe I .. ........ ' v r ;..:;' Il ...... I .... \!'>, t h ~ r .. .... ..... IlV n:II!>O." n
:\ !t). we ... hulI ld .l\ltl : .. ;.lId Ih. t" !'>h~lld , " ;,,: u ( Ihe ~1 ;,le
,olice " . (, I .klll"IHI Idud.' \\ ,,"1. , 1)(; l:,,;pl.", IIen l under dlf~C[l,;nt (,If' UIll':> t:IIlU''') . \\ I; :-It"u lt! rrlth c r tc ll Ihc S vc i:,I-

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r,... ')' 10 ;'CI.- ,'I" Ihc'>C de m;lIH.b

o( rou r p;. II ,v ;,:-. .d~ IlI .. n~b of II ,. P (( '! c l:ll i; II ' II n it ed

ti nt..! ;lfC rl'ad l' ' " IIgI" I" Ih. I.-"l1 d I., r Ihel r I t':l 'i ~lI iun,
~~ join h:ll hh fo r Ih, 1I.llIl e.

(runt
Let

In C :;,d1u,\ {u: a lntl ,.1"'0 I .t: r\ ;ll n ~h-l1IanJ .., :.J\"an ccd h )' lite
C1.t.'C h ;,, ~'I l Ilt.: ( . ,f m .'1 1 ~1CI .-.I_ 1 ' , I IIUCr;!I !'. ;, ntl t ht.: rdo( mi s l
1(;"Ide IIIl IO.I !' . ~ ; tll ;~ lId :- hl Jlll d I,, IIl i l iscd fl)r th e c.s t: . hlbh~
fIlCnl o~ a llilll Cd 1""'11 of tilt' " " rki n/.:' cJ:. ....~.
\\'hen lhe
Soc ial-Ucllu,H.. r: 't ... . fllr l.n ..,t,lIIu, tlt-ma nd \lo rk fo r the unemployed, ,Ir Ihe .-, 1",1111011 of til l' I:I\\S rc~tricli n t! lTlunicip:11
sdf_go\'cr n lll~ n{ . ; ':-0 Il w y Itavc \.h ' n , eVe r :-,; ncc 1927. the:-.c
demand s 111 11 :-1 I,.. III :' .!I.! t.:O I1 CJ'~ tl" in c~lc h Inc.liil l', ; 11 c:u; h
dist rici. :In cJ :I fi;,:ilt I1II1:- t be c;lni, 'd o n h ' l lld i n -h a nu \\; Ih
Ihc Soc ial. I)C'l1lon;.1 1(" IIr;.!':lni:-":lIilln.; fo r th e i r :'c IlIa \ reali sa.
lion. Or. when t he S oc ial. D e moc ra tic p:ln ies thunde r
;1j:!,1 in s r th e \'XpOIWIlI :-, (,.f fa sc i:- m i n Ih c Stale a ppar:lt ll:-> .. in

J,;"encr~" 1 ': the prop~ J' IllIn g to do ;!'o in c~l ch pani e.:u lar di :-.trie.:t
{(l dr:lg' trll O the it:..:ht o f day
thl.! p.a rti c ular local b~ist
~pokcSll1 cn . :l ll d 10 ;': I.-' III I.-" r wilh Ih~ S ocial-D c muc ra li c work ers
dem.""lnd Ih el r relllu\".d from ;;o\"er nmcnl cmp!t.h.
'n UcI,t.: illlll the It.:adcrs of th c Soc ialist Pan\: . wilh Emile
VOlnde rvclde ~lt th eir Ilead. ha ve tm tc red a coa iil ion ~o\"c rn
!lie n I. This" SII CCI,':- '" .. th ey 1I:I\"c :lChic\'ed th a nks l u thei r
kn~lh.r and e Xle nsi,'c ca mpaig n fo r two Illai n d emands:
<I) The ab olilion o! tilt, "m er.!! .. ,, cy dec rees . a nd (2) 1' IIe reali_
salim! of I" ~ dc Mall pia u . .The rlrs~l isslie is very important.
The prcccd t,ng' gove rnme nt Issued 150 reactio nary emergency

decrees. wh ich a re a n extremely heavy burden o n the to iling

people. It was proposl:d to repeal th em at o nce, Such was the
demand of th e S oc ia iis l Party . BUI have many of these emer.
gcncy dccr~s been r~ pea led by the new c-overnment? It
bas not rescinded a Single o ne. It has only mollified som~

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prose.
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nre 10 hcllc 'c . ~ , [ "." and ~' )l!c u/;tli\'e m an lp lIl :IIHII1 S. '

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On th e aSls 0 ' '0"
c 10 "1I11er\' lse
. ' IIe I).I' ll ks. II III the
'
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appo l . c. '
' / of ba llkas who C;1Il now g : 11 y ;~ n d
comnusslon COfl SIS S
'O'hl.hcarredll' supcn'isc Iilc lll ~ l\'cs .
lit'! .,
'I'
[. 'llso prolluSt.'S tl numher o f ulh er g'Ood
Ih cdc l\ ;l np .lIl
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of I " ~"O ' ~. IIfj:
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f ':L'a cs " .. a ",,,,,,,,11m ~i.' at /,
org, II I1:":lI ton
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o ( ,'na(' mrall::> . ~
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and so forth. Th ese arc all dc nwnds W lie I we COIl1.
Ito n"
PO "
\Ve "hould go to Ih e \;il>OlIr of;!" ,n i.
mumSfS can s u p .
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r B-.. ",un)
and s.Tr 10 them : I he capll .1 I~I:" ha\'e
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c01and
a [ft":t d \ . rccor,; l\'CU "
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Ihal !lie Socia l-De mocratic mil1lslCrs now carry 0 111 Ih e pro..
mises tlll' \' made 10 the workers. Let liS g e t t ogt ~ h e r In a
lill iit'd f rolll for the successful dcfellce of Our Int erests.
.\f ini s!e r V~lIldef\'eldc, we s uppo rt the demands o n behalf
of the wo rkers contain ed in your platform; but we tell you
(mnkl)' that we take these demands seriously, tha~ .we want
action and not empty words. and therefore are uniting hun.

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"f :.ppro pri l1 te

[.I:.lfol lll ... (,f Ihe Soci"l

1~~ n\(J('r ~'I I ' p . I I I"" tlHIII ... 1 \' ~..... ;. ".\ ( ,it, ,,\,n .i(,n pr'.,mi!>Cs
If Iht.: :--'01, 1, 01 . \ ). '11\ ' " ': 111. rn ~ II I "'''r ... II .... I h,' ... 1:1I!1I11-!: p O lllt for

11\4'

1 ' rl.':lI i ..:oIl"o "f J'IIIII :ot..:l lUlI wllh Ih . S, ... i:.I. I) Cll1ucralie
1 1~' ics all d ",.;.::llIi ..: ll j " " .... :-.\) . I II :t l I her lIIa y :lflerW:lfl..l s Iht;
~~rc 1.':1:';/\ d, \,lop :1 1':'111 11:11 )..: 11 rOlr Ih, ,... I :.hli ~hmen l (.If :\
iwti fn llt l , ',111 lilt I he h :I :' I ~ \,f h l h e r m ; . ~ ... d c ma n ~l s lu be

~~sc:J in t il,' ... tru ggl,' ;, ;..:;til) :-'1 tit , (lIT' n... i"e of ,a pilal, agai nst
r, _ iS11l : 1111 1 lite IlIre:11 of W:1r.
(11:;<:It 1 1l1l ~ t f Ilr ,[ I ~ " ~t.: , "line
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I 'In be ner:, I. JOint
'Qn wil li til l,' S "("
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:le t I
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,
. Icd e o ll(" \, III" . \oCl:I ell\ol"lacy :I ~ Ihe Ideo lo J.: Y and
tl~ctiCC of ('\:1.:-':' coll;.hHr:.t i~1Il willi the I.)ourg~{)isic~ and un
~ ' n ... l \, 1: )( pl <1l 11 II) lit. ~"\"I:d. lJe l ll(jCr:l tlc worke rs In :t com

un ,.. .
r:lddy

\\:1 ."

.,

t ~c p r ~' ;": I: HllI1l C a li I

[ ,

_ ('

:-.. ( Ig- :ill :. "I

vm nll.~ll1 sm . l.n

counlties 1t:i\',I1l;! S !)I'I;d . l ~ elllocr : ll l<: ;":O\,\:rtHUent s till S In:.k IS

of parl ic ubr Impo rt :,111 e In Iltt.' :. tru gg lc fu r Ihe united fro nt.
Tilt, SlruJ.:I:'c lor T rod~ U nio n (l " i/y ,
COl1l r:nlt.:s, t he tllll:. t impo rl :'''1 :-.I:lg-e ill the co nsolid:,tion
(he un ited (rant mu st be Ihe cSlabli:.hmc nt of n:Hiunal
r
ond inlern a llvn
' :1I t r;lte
I lIllIo
. n unity.
,
a As yOIl know. t he di sr upti\'e laclics o f the reformist
Ic:t<ie rs wt'le ; ,pp l~, d. mOSI \'irull- Il tl y ill th e trade unio ns .
The n~aS(l11 fllr ,hiS IS de;lr. Il l're Ihd r po iil:Y of class collabor:lliOtl wil" t he bourg-eo ls ie fOllnd its practi cal culminalion d irecI I,\' in th e f:lClur ies . Iv Ih e cetr imen t o f th e vi tal
inlCrcslS o f the wor king-- cias:,. This, (.f co urse , gave ri se
f() sh:.rp c riti cis m and r cs i ~ t:lIl l:c o n th e p:lrt of th e revolutionary workers unde r th e kath.:rsh ip o f the Communi sts,
Th:tt is wh), Ihe ~tru;!glc betwee n CO I1\tlluni sm a nd refo rm-

ism rag-cd most fi ercely in th e trade uni u ns,

Th e mo re dilli clIit :lIld compl ic;,tcd the si tuati o n became
for c.'1pittlli sm, th e morc rea ctionary W~IS the poli cy of the
le"ders o f th e Am ste rda m u ni o ns and th e mo re agg ressive
were their lll e:Js urc~ again st all op positio n eleme nts within
Ihe trade uni ons . Even th e establi shment of the fa!'Cist dic.tatorship in Germany and th e intensified capitalist offensive
in all C3pittllist counlries failed to dimini sh their aggressiveness. Is il no t ;l characteristic facl that in 1933 alone most

SI
tlniOIl :>i . Ill :,ny o r our com r:.des decided 10 pa ss by thi s
,n>
d
lil:llt"d la ~ k , '1" I/'y .lIl\'a n.:. III )' ~ poke o f nn orc.uu. sa~1J1PI crisb in Ihe /\ ul'.t .'rd :ull un ions, o f the work er~ o eser!!IOfl~he uni fll1~, bU I failL-d 10 nOt ire tha t :.rlcr !,omC decline
In~he bc;..:inning' Qf the \\Qrld ~c'ml)m ic cri ~i:-.. thl'sc unions
Itt
bc":"1 In grow :' g:ll n,
I he Ilt'c uli:. nt \' of Ihe Im d e
~ler
...
I
'
.
1 , , I Ill 0\'('tll"' H ';1 :-, "Til PfcC IS<'ly Ihe faci t. hai Ihe all :.ck s
111 10 1
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the
U.lllrj..!t"
'l
~le
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nlO
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s,
Ih
e
attempls
In
'
o
lubc r (If CoU nITlt.... 10 Unify the Irade uni on ., ( P o I3I\d .
:I. :~g3ry, ('Ie,) . the (,1I1I:li lll)(; nl. of svcial in ~ur;IOCI', and \\ag:e
JI forccd the worker.'!> nOlw ll h:-.ta nding: t hc lack o f resisCLl~~~ dj :;'PJ;. ~'l"d b;.- IlL\..' rd o rmi :-.t tr:ule union lea(lers to rall y
a
t ' lI more doscly ,. rOUIlt! th ese Ul110 n S. bcC.1USc t he workerS
5~1 led :llI d ~ti ll \~ant to sec in Ih e tr;Ide u nio ns the milil a nt
"h:lmpio
an
. exp1, 1105
.
ns n f t I Ic,r \' II~I I CI[j!!S 'Inlcr~s ls., '1'1~s
Ihe
I Ihnl 11\()!'>[ o f the ,\m s tt;rda m 1I1l1 0 ns In !'mncc . CZl.'choS~~\" lkia: lklg-illtll. ~ l? lI a nd .. Swc<ien , Sw i[zerla nd. ('IC" I ~~vc
\\' 11 III llI emhe r:-;l lI p dUrin g th e laSt few ,"c:as ,
I he
J!ro
' IeratlQ
. n 0 f I .a I)Our Ilas a 1SO con" SI d era)
11 y In.
\ l ericnll I'e(
~r~~ its IIlcmbcr:-.hi p in the p~I st two years .
Had th e Germ:1Il cOlllr:ldes bettcr unde rs tood the p roblem of tf:l de uII,io ll wo rk o f which Comrade 'f/l ii/mint11 s po ke
",an)' OCC:IS lo n s. we would undo ubtedly h a \'e h ad a. hetonr sitll:tti o n 'Ln t 1Ie tr:l(1t! unton
' s I1Ian W35 t1Ie case a t the lime
.
~fle f3sci sl (Iic t,ltorship W,'lS establi s h ed, By the cnd of
,932 on ly abo ut tCll ,p c r Cl! '.I~. ~ f ,the l~a rly membe r s bc1on;!cd
10 Ihe free trade unI o n s, I Ills III splle o f the fact th at after
Ihe Sixlh Co n~ ress of the COllli11l~ rn the Communi s ts took
Ihe lead in qUlIe a num be f of s tukes . OUf comrades used
to wrile in the press of the need to assig n 90 per cenl. of
our fo rces to work in the trade unio n s . but in realit), a ctivit y
W:lS concentrat ed excl u si\'e ly around the revolutionary trade
union opposition whi ch a ctua ll y ~o ll g hl to r~ pla~e tl~e Iwde
unions. And h o w abo ut the lX! rtod after Hille r s sclzure of
power? F or twO ycars man y of our comrades s tubbornly
and systclllatic..'1lly opposed the correct slogan of fighting
for the rc-cstablishm e llt o f th c fr cc unio ns.
I could ci le si milar examples about almost every other
c3pilalist coun try.
But we already havc thc first ser io us a chicvements to
our credit in the s tru ggle for trade union unity in European
countries. 1 have in mind little Austria. where on thc initiative of the Communi st Party a b"sis has been created for
A r. AI S ST

A S

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~r~ ;!~::':~ or oth t'r rl.'\?f\lusl: o.r~ ::i~ ' d'

;i rclI1:lr " of lil!' Trad~

."pn' , lI,I,' '0 the not(lrJo
1m\'
lenet"I \\'1, ,'1'1, flUlla\\l.'d
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d.lled wid, Co mlll
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(If th e (;I ' f]u :ln I T. Lt C mll ~ ns,
!ln:s :IJ..: :nnst
10 I )(,' ~.' :l id of du.! I cadcr~lilP
cI -'nll,d rep rL,<;~i\'\~ IlW:I~
.
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wh ich a ppJil'(l unpre{'C c, ' the Ir:Hlc III11 (UI S , ,
th e rc \'o lulion:t ry dCl1lent~ !Il, Iwt o n the beha\' lo u r of in.
\ Vc must b:t~ o ur tacllc~: dalll un io n:'. no ma th:r whal
didc!u:LI IColde rs of th? :\ !IISIC;~ C;LU ~ 111\' d :I"s strugg le. hIli
diflic ulties the ir behn\'~ otlr ~1~~;~I I' rj) a/C JlIII SSl',~ IIj ~t'Q ,b: 1S 111e
riOl ' Lril\' o n the Ip lCSll o n 0
" o pe nh' dec l:lrc thaI work
P
"
\1) ~rewell1\1 s
,
k f llC0m.
10 be fo und, ; nl II:
"1>01 in the wor' 0 ,1
,
' <; Ih e sorest ,
I I
f
',n ,he tr:'lde IIn lO nsV1'<;1 I)fln
' rt " ho ut a n':1 C la n ~c
Qr
.
muni s! Part ie!' . \ C ',1111, work ~,nd 11l:.kc ,Ihe q ucs tl o n of
the bellcr in Irad e IlIlIon , ,I e ce ntr:.J Issue,
'on Ullll\' I
,
Strllg',"r]c for tratIc UIII
~ I of Social.Dcmocl'acy III the
.. \Vh at constitutes the st,r cn~~1 'C3rs a g-o. A nswerin~ this
'Vest?" :lskcd COOlf:lde Slal JII tc )
question. he said.:
,
rl in the If:lde un ion s,
.. The (acl th ... t it has lIS Sli P,Po
of ou r Communi s t P art ies
.. 'VIL:lt constit utes the wea ness
in the \-Vest?
t 'cl linked with Ihe tr:lde unions,
.. The fact that they are ~~,) the Communi st Parl ies do not
and that certa in elements WIt 1111
wish to he lin ked with thcm ' I r . n,un "~ t Pa rl ies of t he \Vest
,
k 0 f tiC ...... 1111
"
.. Hence. the, ",:l I ~ las
' 10 the c:lIl1paig'11 for unity in Ihe
:It the fJrc~cot It/lIC IS to dc\c 1P,
' t 10 ils consummation; to
tr:ldc u,nino movcment ;m~ t~ ::::'fOl:t cxccption. join Ihe t rade
see to It th:lt all CommulllsL., II " d p:llicntl)' to strcn~thtn
.
I
t work s\'slem:ltIC:l ) .In
,.
unions. I Icre 0
. ,
I
" ', ' s (i"ht :lf~atn s t C:l I)lt:ll
I'd '
(
'orklllg c ass \I
,
,,,'"
,
Ihe SO L :l1Ity,o
Ie \\ I"
;' at will ell ... ],)e the Co mmuni st
:llId t'IIIS nll"'tn th e COlli Illons ,I, , ".
Pa rtics 10 rely upon the trade lLntons, . ,
n foll o wed ') No
I-' as thi s precep! o f Comrade Slnlm s bee
'
I

t'

co mra~ ~s. it has no t.

"
l t d ' uni ons
Jo m .1 I ~ r3 C
"

Ig-noring the urge of th e workers t?

lind (aced willi the difficultics or workmJ:' WIth,n th e Amster S I'

.. Th R-suhs of the Work of the Fourteenth Con.

ta tn,
e"
1'0
ference of the R ,C .P., " I.Aninisrn, Vol. I, p. u.

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le:lders ckci dcd

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'o n" afl cr t Ie w;lr an d'IS
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I imp o,tollcc.
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therl'fo re. of wl.-r llafl orlo
" ' unque~II \1n abl y :--.e T\'cd as
fro",t ~'~~/:lul ishl1lent o f tr .. dc union
I n Fr ana thc unih.'d
':l rds I It~ C!; .
'
f I 1
;1 might)' impetUS \0 \\ ,
G ' -.r:l l Co nfeclc ra ll o n 0 . :1 lOUt
.nih' The leaders of Ihc C I,l C "'\I cver )' wa\' t h e rl'ali !':t tion
. hamperc
'
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I st ill hamper
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-SUC o t Ihe c a ~s po l e\' of
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c .. of a s llborci l1l :t te ;t ll ( seCOn.
.
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b,' r:us tn " ISSU ~
,
l '
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1
Ihe tr.1de UOio ns ' " r::' i\ n unquCSllOlI :lb e su c~c!<os In lIe
d:lt\' or forma l ch:lr:tclc, ,
been Ihc eSI:tbilslllll COI of
, .
d union Ulll l )' 1:1
,
' r
strur'J;lc fo r Ir:l e
, c murac ing- ! 111 th e c:t!'c 0 the

z.,
,
o n "a local SC:l e , :l1>proxtnHlte"
'
" t lr\!C-qll
.
SIn
gle
u",ons
:lrtcrs
.,
I workers fo r tn Slance, '
,
'
" .. I r o.1(
, ',
f both trade unt o nS.
rf ... de

'S

o f Ihe members hip 0 f

e-cst3bli sh m c tlt o f IUJl/,' 10lioll

~n internatiOllal scale. W e art:

\Ve;1tC definitel y ordt;~

unity in eaciJ country an
'on in tach industry.

I o r OIlC

urll

IV., stand for

of trade 1111;011 5 in each cO lln_

,cra 't 'mlal leduotioll of tra tlc 100 ions

(Oil

OIlC ,t
r O'IC '" ~rn4

In'. JII~ are fo

I .
o ~gl1,,;setl according to Indu strrcs.

'

"

fo r Oil/! Int emal;(Jfw l of trade IO/l O " '~ "{I:~v tl Oil

We are lor ullitell class tfade IHII OII S as
I
tlte cIass sJrllgg e.
k'
I
' I th
o nc 0/ thc major bulwarks of th e wor '"g c ass agallis
t:
JIlt:

Sl lWti

53
c (lpiltl' (1111/ fll ~CU III ,
()Ilr o nl )' cUlld i liulI for
Irad. 1I 11",n:'> I:'>: S I,uK~It: IIKlli11S1 c""ita l.
.. " .. . N I T "A I C I I

,.. " si1't: II/

"f "' 11" 11.. =

11''11 ' ' ' '

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un esllo
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Tillie d ()l':> nul .. 1:,lId

\ Ve "..-It U IIW ,I ... 1: 11 1 111:01 "11 lit e " ve of ~ ' a\' FirM o f

. )'car
l '" nio ns' .1,1
a ",ln''''sed
IhlS
' Ihe H.,t! 11l\,'r n:u iu n:t1 "f 1.:.h()llr
,
-,
/H~ r II, 1111' AII1 .., I"f1!;.1I1 Inl, 'r n:.llo n:tl wilh Ihe p"" Xts<t1
~ecOI1 :.illo-r J,O
" ,",I: '
. 1l " f ' Ite lerlll ; , Illc lhod:--. and
;0
I, I, '1"c:-.111l
fo rl1l S o f IIII II II" II I In (I f ,h c w'lr ld I r:ldt: 1111 11111 I1l ()Ve IlH.: nt ,
'fht! Ica d e r:-., f )f lilt, ,\ rn " 'erc! ;1I1l 1nl c rn :ll i(.Jn;t\ rejecled that
reposal, 1I:-11l g- 1 ~1t' :--'Ioc,k aq,!, ulllt:Il I, II~at IIn il )' in ,h e lrade
p ,' o n 1Il 0\,\,rllent
\' \\lIhlll the ';\ m !>tcrda, tn Inun
" 1:-' pt:-"I hl e o nl ~,
Icrnalion,:J1, "',Ii 1( ' I: by I h e W : I .". ~ nel udes a I mOSt nOlle but
trade UllI o ns III 1: lirope;1Il co un l rt eS,
BUI Ih e l"Olllllluni :--.ls wvrking in Ihe Iradc uni o n s must
on linuc 10 !;I f ug g le indcfali g-ably f. , r t he tlll it\'
. o f the trade
oion movc m c nl,
Ie 1:I ~ k of Ihe R ed Irade ullio n s and
~he R,I.L. U, is Iu d n all in their p Owt: r 10 h :ls t c n Ihe hour
of jo in t strll}!g'I~ o f a ll Ir .. dl' ,uni ons ~ga i n :-:t ,the offen sive of
capita l and ~ <ISC I S Il1. t ~ \!stal>hsh ~I , unltc d trade un io n ,movcme nl , despIte Ihe s lu bbo rn re~ls t:ln cc o f the r\!3Cll o nary
leaders of t he A m s tc rd;:l m I nt e rn ation a l. T he R e d trade
unions and the R , I.L, V. mus t recei ve o u r un st int cd support in this matt c r .
In counlri es wh e rl! s mall R ed tradc uni o ns e xi s t we recomme nd th e m to work fo r th ei r :-Iffi li ation wilh th e big
reformi s l uni o n s . bllt to in sist o n th e rig-ht t o defe nd their
"iews :In<l o n the rei nsta te men t of ex p clled me mbers, But
in countri es wh e re big- R e d t rade uni o n s exist parallel with
big reformi s t trade uni o n s, we mU St work fo r the co nve n ing
of unity CD1lgresscs o n the ba sis o f platforms o f s truggle
Olgains( th e capi tali s t o ffe ns ive and o f e n s uring t'rade union

"

.,.,

dtmocracy.
It shoul<l be s tat e d catego r ic..1.lIy that a ny Communist
l\'orker, an y revo luti o nary wo rker who d oes not b elon g to
the ma.o;s tra de uni o n of h is indu st ry , who d ocs n o t fight
10 tran sform the refo rmist trad e uni o n into II real class trade
union organi s.1 tio n, who d ocs no t li ght for trade union unit~
on the bas is o f the class s truggle, such a Communi st work.er,

It I SG

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\\hich r: 1 ~('I:-IS nor dlc on 'I,. 'l'nllI Ct.;1
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up so-ca e( t: u l ur:tI III Slltu.
C C
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I HIe t I 1\ '111 with
,IT I\'CS fwo rr.:I 10 'Oilers,
,I, "dn
"" in liti s wa\' to 1111
lio n s or t Ie ' 011.
I CI pi I II':. tea ch
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II
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countrt es , (1I 1r 1 0111/" C(I",
,," of r', ll," ali"
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I helf fund.ll llc lll.t1 \H .lklH:SS IS
ro m IC - .,.
.
'
d I\'orc(:
Ih a t tlu!\' arc s till Hyi ng 10 copy Ih e <?0Il1I1lUfll~1 P:lrlies.
Ih eir (orill s a nd mel hods of work. forgctllll"~ IIt ;11 dIe \ .C. I..
is 110/ (I Commlwist PMI)' 0/ tile YOll th . J h?>" .do no t slim.
cientl\" Itlkc in tO considera tion tlt e f;l et "wt tlll ~ IS all org-ani~
s.l tion ha \'in~ ils ow n specific tasks. Its methods :lIld fo rms
of work. o f educ:llion a nd of strugg lc. nll1~t be adapted
10 the specific level and needs o f th e youth.
Our Y oun "" Communisfs have g iven memor;lblc CX:lIuplcs
of he ro ism i; the fi g ht against fascist viole nce and b o ur.
O'eois re:tctio n. But thc\' still lack th e ability 10 win the
~lasscs o f the youlh away from hostile influences by dinl
of stubborn. concrete work. This is attested by the fact
that th er have not yet overcome their opposition to wo rk
in the f3scisr mass organisation s. :111(1 Ihat their .1p proach
,It should be Iu O rJIC '

111'lien! witl l

" " I f; ISt-l

55

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,hil' :111 :11' 11\" "; 1(, , '\" , ' 1\ lit, tirst ~I(' p " la kt"n in Ihi s dir;'f' li o n
is shoW I1 h ." rI", ,>,;a mph..; " f FNOI /',' :11l<! Ih e r)'II;lcd ..... /(rlr s
during' 11 11' .. ,(',nl P:I.,l. II. was slI ni l' ; l 'l\I in lh, se c()IIIHri.s
10 procl.'t.d te. ;Ip pl y III!' 1~ 1 1I1 1'(1 fronl. wht'n ('o l1 s iderahl. !O\lC((-5SCS \\I r, . ;,1 olin' :H' hl ,,,<I.
I n til(' "'pIICh' o f the i nh'rn:llio n:l l 1!1111t'll. fflllll. the ~11('(', ...... fl1l i n;I;:LI;\'c of Ih, ' :lntif:lSC isl and .a nl1. \\":, r 1"\III1I11ill\'(' in \';Ir ;s in hr in o- in .. ahout
,he .inl ~ rll :l l 1~ "I;!1 ('o-opl!r:t l in n "f :111 1I1H1.jtl s(;is t \,(~ I\ h o rg':lOl5:IIIOI1 S IS :l lso \\orthy of noll: in thi s n' nnl.:c ii o n .

,It.

These rlC...:1l1 Sllt'('l,:,:-- flll Sll" ps in t h l ' unit\.'d fr o n t m o vement of Ih l.! youth :..1 :--(, show Ih :11 th e forms which Ihe Imited
(ro nl o f Ih e .y outh b In assumc 1l\1I ~ 1 n n t hI.! :-Ole reot \"pc J . n o r
lie ncccss:tl"lly ~h \.' sam\' :IS t h ose m e t wil h in the p r: n' lice
of Ihe C~)\n l~l\l nl:-:.t P arlil'S. Th e Y o u ng- CO llltlHlIl ist l. \,;!"UCS
n\Ust strl\'c .111 ~\"l'ry W;ly 10 uni te the ftlrCcs of a tl n O I\-fa~cisl
nHI~ oq.!":l. nl ~t1I Qns (If Ih e you th. includ i n g Ihe form:l ti u n of
"art OUS IWlCis of coTll ll1 o n oq.:-a n i:-oa li o n s for the :-otru g:gle
:lg,'lins t fM.rislll. :lg:. i n ~ 1 the unprecedented 1ll:l nner in "'hid
YO.lIlh is b ei n;.!
o f every ri g ht . agai n St th e mili:
t3nS3l1 o n of the yo ulh a nd fo r Ih ('co no mi c and cultural
ri l?hls of Ih e yOtl l~ g- ~e n era li o n, in orde r 10 draw th ese ,"oung
100Iers o ver 10 th e SId !.: o f th e :Int i-fa sc ist fr o nt. nu inatter
where th ey ili a)" h e- in t he f:t.ctori cs. th e forccd labour
camps. the labour cxch;1I1g"cs. th e am1\' barracks and the

th~

~Irippcd

neet. ~h e .schools. or in th e vari ous spo rt s, cultur;11 or other

organl sa t ,o n s.

In developin g and s treng thenin g the Y.C.I.. .. o ur \' .C.L.

members must wo rk fo r (he formation of anti.fascist asso-

:'illll(lll~

1",,1

WOII!tI Sn

C I. ,' ~I

" f Ihe C(IUIrIl Il UtSIIlU'/ :-;,"' j:,l i:- 1 Y , IIIIII

J., a~ It, \ 1111;'\

,.lillf,"11I ,,( ...' /11<1<1 ~ 'I' u J.,:;:k .

lI 'o m ,' " .11" I t ,I , '

. /1', , ' , J F"", t.
~' pr w:a$ wo,k M l hJ lI J.,: [, ' I!i ll,..:'
" \\'.III It ' 1I . 1I11"

WOIII,! II,

,
,
Ufl t: IIIP II,n ..

\\"111 ...' 11,

lI g
\\ ~I ' k i l'J..:
"1":1111
\\0 11 11 ' 0
a lh l II
... .
.... , ..
UU l\\:.

wh'cs_ undCfl'Slir11alt-..' IIny Ic~s " Ih"l~ \\. l~ '" II. ',111 11 '1'1.: tll~
n J ulh .
\Vhilt! ( (, ,,,'iS I11 ,' :\ :leIS III" '" '1'."" ' o' Ii" I." I[ ' I I'. !lI\'I:.\I
WOIllt'1l willi p:t rlic u b r n ll l tl , 'S$ U1 'S."; :11 11 1 ,' , II H ' I ~ I II, Illa)' i .. ~
~n Ihe 1II0S! ".'li n ful ,,,-'Cli ngs ,li dlt~ /11I:II I1r. III,' h" II~ W i fl!.
rhe s illJ:le work i .. ;..: WOIll:l n , IIlh' ,'rl :1I1I to l "ll', lII u rrow .
Fascism, po sin g- .'IS :t IJc .h: f IKlllr, II~ro\\ S ,h i' ",:,r\'1 ';..: 1 :'lII i l ~.
,
'
" II ~, " "",\' I,,'
II ~ lIll c ,',.
L ' llt'r.
.
., few bC;! ;!:IrI.,' St' mp:.:, rn'JIll-!'
III
C Vi
nl'SS :ul)!,,;;c.,d . 11:lrr il'ularly IIIHi1l 1j.."' Ih.c ""1',11;: "'''III CII , by
rhe Unl)/'('Cc(k' nred s l,I\'I'ry wh ich f:lsc l!'o /ll h ~ IIl r,:' [I,I l,It! ,
It
Jri " es \\'o rk in '-' \\011h' 11 u ur I I i induslr.\. (p rt'l h,[~' :- 111 1'0.: II Cl'( h '
g irls 10 rh e CI)~n l n' , rt"lul'inj." rht'lII 10 rh c pp~II,I" n " ; 1lI1pai~1
servltnr:.: of ricll f.1r1Ul'rS !l ml 11In d l n:~k , \V ~1I 1t. prO! II '; ~i ., g'
WOI1lc.'/I :l Iwpp\' h o mt' :IIul (:111111\' IIIl', , If dn n ':': WO II II' 11 10
prostillll iOll like no M ll l'r C;,pif:l[i:': 1 rt'r,: Ill.'" ,
.
Co mmlmists. :l Oo\'c ;'I II o ur wo me ll ({ ' lIlrllt l n l!'o I:':,

IIIU SI

remt'mber Ili:U fll c rt, ,'" nn OI he ;, sm" 't'!'>!'o (u l li~ hl ;':.::ti nsl
{;'IsciSIII :wd \I':lr 1I"l e ~" Ih e hroad 1I);!:':St'S o( \\'0111": 11 nrc
drawn inro il. : \lId ;'I;:il:uiun a lo ne will nol :tlxolllJlli s h Ihis.
\Ve IJIUst lind :I W:I\' o f mo hil i:.:i,, ;,!' t he I11:1S$t'S o f Il)i l ill O'
women Mound t heir' " il:l l . inll:r('s l~ :wel d~' "~:lnd:;: , ~;,ki n~
into :lcco tlnt th e ('oncrdc Slftt;lflon III cac h III s l : lIli'l', I n fh e
tight for Iheir c/enHlntls :1g':li n st hi,:: " prices, ((.'r ili;,:ht'r wa/.!es
o n t he b:.sis of th e principle of ('(111:11 P" ," lor l!<rIl:1I wo rk
.1;!",1in:.:r 1I1:t~ dismiss.11!', :l~:lni="t t. \ef~ 1Il:l !, ifl' :'i I:lliun of in:
t'qll:ll iry in Ih e ~ t.1l ll:O: (If wonit'll . :lIld :lg:lIl1 :'i 1 f.1scis l en.
s/:I\'emcnt ,

In t'l1dc:I \'o uring to dr:lw the fo ilill t; wo m ell i nlo Ihe

re\'olurio n.1r,\' mO\'(' nwnt, we 1111151 lI ot be :Ifr:tid o f (orming
sep.u:lte wo men's or{::ll1is.1Iions fo r th is purpo!'c , wh e re "er
nt'C'es...<n ry , The prcronce;"c<1 nOlion thai Ih e w o m c n' s o r.
,C':u1,i5.'ltions und..:r Communi st P:lrly le:lclers hip in Ihe
c:tp~r,"ist cO llnlfies IIlIlSr be liCJllid:lled, :lS pMI o f Ihe s iru g-gle

ng"IIlsr "wome n's scp:lralisl11 " in Ih e 1:lbo llr movemCnt

has freq u e ntly c:lused :l gre:ll d ea l o f harm .
'
It is necess;.'t ry to seek o ul th e s implest :lnd mOSI nexible
(orms" in ,order to eSI.,blish CO "I:lCI and bring about co.
operat.on . III struggle between rhe revolutionary. Social.
Democratic and progressive anti-war and anti.fascist

" O" ' N'T

I'

" ' C ' IN

'7
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Cluna
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on

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r ~ lrll r' l>l e

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role 0 I Ie pr'J I..:I :I " ;"

, !i.i. rtOC

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found:lll
or I Ie d t'\'d l 'Plll l' lII o( "
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nlt, ....
",1 "" ", 1' ,l n~ pc tlahM
'.
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t'rr

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,.I Il Oll a l Ld)e r:lli o n
.
o rr I II ":X1 e 'HJ ( ,
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'
lin Ic r thi s (ro nt
Il t lll f)~ llh e ll1 '
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"
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IJ r nr ,lfli ln o f, '
f
"
(C\'o I lIllo n"r \' "rlll\',
{'CHIl "I,,/ ,I ' . 1
tIllI !'> U a l"'Oll \e's
"

... C \ Ul!\'OI ~I
M 1d 10 Ih l! l!!'> I;. hlis h me lll o ( Ill ',
I
C
l u th e r(:\'o lu l io n
rion j\IIi:IIH':C ,
C r ll l! of t h e Na tio n a l Lihe r:l:

In Jlld ifl

Ihe C fII11l11l1n isi '

, .
, ~
pJfIICIP:lIC III ;lIlfl.II1lI'c r ia l i SI
, .

'

I, ,
1,1\ e

10

<;u"I)O ,

r. e x te nd and
: I( C IIn de r
n o ( exc luding
, "
I '
I '
m:llnt:unlllg' I le lr 110Iil ic a i " " I
'
.

uc
r<;
,
, l O f;': '1II I S:.I I
I ' lip , \~l hile
Ihey mu st (';.rn' 011 :Icti\, c \\' k " " 10 n a 1I1dcpcndcncc
or
IIISldc Ihe
.
,'
I k
"
wuet w e p:lrllll the In dia n i'\ "
"
o rga nl S Itl ons
' I
,hose W Ili e I

"

: .,

1lI .ISs ;tc tl\' 111 ,<;

n ; lIj o n ~ 1
'f
.
t..: _ ,
" r c nrnli SI I l 'Ol , 1

Ihe
" process (If c rY:'iia ll iS:-Hi o :1 ' I~~or.t a l ~<:,nJ.:'rcss , fn c ilitating
win~ am o n ~ Ih e m fo r III
,\ 11,1I10 na l re v o l u l io nar\'
" I libc r;1I
. in n 1110\'e
l.' purpose
'
IIIe nal, o n.,
' of
f furtl le r d e vc Io ping
, I , II,flll
" :'i II IllIlwri;il
.
tlJ:'mns
islll. mCnt 0 Ih e 'n d 'Ia n peoples

In ChllUl, where Ih e pCU Ic's

.
10 the (o rm ol/io n of SOviel di~' .~ IH O\ CIllCIH I HIS a lrcad y led
rory 0 f t I1e COuntn' 'Ind t o .II fl e ls- over. a con SI'd e ra hi e terri_
ned Army, Ih e l;rl.'~I;ll nr \' :l 1:~,{.~ rg'an l.s.;.llion_ of. a Powerful
nnd the tre:ISU II o f lli e N : k "
ro of jap:lncse Imperialism
,
,Ill IIl. r \. Ovcrn
I
,
1010 Jeopardy the natio nal
!",
. lI1 e nt lave brought
C:Usl c n ce of the gr""1 Ch '
'"'"
IOcse

C L .\~)

Co

"". 0 II ..:. I S '

A I1 AI:-':ST

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pt'Opr.',
I ' tr ug"j..!k :1,:.::,111"
" , u n if\, lllg" ' Cil tro.: w hic h
l'Cllt rC in lIt! :; I iIl1p,-n:,li .. t-:, ;,:- -' fo r tI;e n : Ltj.Hl;tI dd
cnct
of t:hill:t b," I ll, illl peria ll "" ftlrc("~
Til "

or

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.otut illi l 11 11' "j'I ' ,ri '"1<; (';' fl y I,f 11 ..; H. u ~~ i : l n n" l ~ h c vi k s .
g e :" c tW,' II. , j n~ llJ dr '~1 1' II.ro '~' 11 1 " 1 1V' '" {.r 11 , I ,dt Socialbl1t5t:,.olu ti,'n:. r ....... 111 . 11 11' ~"\'.' t'l i-: '\" 'I nllh'nl. '1' 111:- \\:t': a Sl'l.:ci ~c (ca llll e I)f 111(: /lr"'l ~"\' I " \ J...: '" 'nulI UI {Ift " r t h e 1'1I' lof Y or

,I I

",' :

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'r ,

sen II . . ~nd (IIlr w:ml1c,,-' , "'It (I f the whol~ wo rld. 10 al\

tha i I_~ c.:: rCI'o l uf ion:lr,~' p role r.] ~IoChi nC'~ fl.:'" ,l ullOl1 :1r r people,
of 1 ~~" iClS of C h il1a . 10 ~II ~" .... r~l i ng's [0 th e IH.: rOl c Hed
Ih e ~ ncl ou r ;I rll\'l1l ~rale fl:~U;lIld b :l ll !cs . AIl(,! wc aSSure
\Ve . r Ch in :-l tried In a ~ l
."n iI" C Iv SlipPOri Its strUJ,:"g le
'\rm\'
0
..
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rc.:>':-I JII il1lJ)C(I.:1 ,"I:-t r o ) )c rs nrHl
.
C-:i ' ",SC pt:,o pk 0 O~I
r
the
unt:o , . l ibc r:-l 1101l nlrn .
for i ts COlliI' ctC
,
.
h
e
n
c
IIll cn.
C,
thcir
II nese
I /lle U ll il.:a F r0111.
TIle GO~'/' rll lll(,~1 1 'I bold a nd d etcr m in ed course
we h a ,'C Wk CO,l wor k in l.!' cI :ISS. :I. n d :-I rc rc:td v
Co m radcs
"
'oo fro nt Or I IC
~
.
towards I h e Ulll ~ r II con<;i"lC Il Cl .
to C:-lrr,' il o ut wuh II
~ "k',d ' whcthe r wc nd\'ocate the
-J{ we
" Co mntUfll:.
'''IS .:-I re .1.5
. d S,
" Or
. e.... u lc ro r parll. ;! , d-CI11.ln
mitcd (rorll 011IY HI Ihc st., r.u ~1!'
c Ihc rcspO nSI'1) 1"' \"ty C\'cn W,len
'lrcd to s 1.l r
1 b "
'
wheth
er we arc p~ c P ,
f rmin u :t gO':.JCnWl c l l t o n t IC aSls of
it will be:1 qucst lo n of 0 . ( Ih:l full se nse of our rcspo nsi_
" r
I c n wCSil\\\1
~.
.
..
'h"
the unll cd ront. II
. ~ '"
a si tuation Ol a~ a riSC III \\- Ich
. ., I 1
recOJJ'llI sc t 13
bilil)' : cs.
wc
,..
r
01 tl/C p-roictarum toll C( TOttt,
. n 0 r a .....
(1() ~le T1lI1l C II '
,
thc fo rl1wtlo
"
A[' f ro llt will becomc n o t o n r po~
or o( Ihe o.lIli-fasCls~ pC,oy .e ,Seresls 'o r th c pro lc taria t. And in
"
b01 neeessan' III ,I Ie In
Sible
for th.c formati on 0 sue I a govcrn_
I t<lt ca .

, Ih(:1f f: l :-cJ~ t .1j.!"" IH:- .

,

fi nancia l

ma~ nates

on t h e j:!rowin~ un ited fr o nt
O I' C' Ill C'J1 I. th e C o mmun is t P arty of a givcn cou ntr\, w ill de.
'" for th c r,or lll ;~tlo
" n 0 r s uc h :\ gover nm ent on Ihe" basis o f
clare
definil e ;tll ll -fasc l!'1 plat fo rm .
;\1 a stl ll ;\bl(! 1I101I 1Inl. rel \, ln :::-

Under what obj,,:c l i\'c wn d ilion ... wi ll il he poss ible 10 for m

such a go\'er.nm e nl.':' In thc m ost g-cneral te rm s, 0 1lT repl y
to this que,sl,lO n \\' 111 hI.! a~ foll o ws : U nde r conditions of
political CTISIS , \\"I~cn t hl.! rul~n l!' cl asses a rc no long-c r in a co ndilion to cope "'JIlt the nll ~h(~' ups urg c of til e m ~ISS anli{"scist O1o".el11 e.OI.. Bu t Ih lS IS o n ly n J.!c n c ral pcrsp ccti,'e ,
witho ut whi c h It I S !'c:l rcc ly p o !'<:. ihll.! in p r:"lcti cc to fo rm a
united fro n t gO\:c ~ nlll e n l. O nl y the exi s te nce o f defini tc :'lnd
a

,(pecific

p Ter~qlllslt cs C.'l 11 PUI

On the o reer o f the day th c queslion of fornllli g s uch a g-O\'crn ml.! nt as a politica ll y fl eccssa-ry
IMik. " sec ms to me th :"l t th e foll ow in g- p re re qui s ites deserve
Ih(" ~rcat cs i att c nti o n in th is co nn ect io n.
F'ir!'=t, thc state appa ratus of the bOllfj!eo isi c must 31read y
be suffic i e;,! ll y d iso rgtlllised a n d paralysed. so that the bourgeoisie cann o t !,rc \'c n t th c fo rm a ti o n o f a governm e nt of
struggle :lg nin s l reacti o n and fasc ism:
Second, th c bruades l ma sSeS o f toi le rs . pa rti c ularly the

f'

g-ovcrnment which may be fo rmed

I am n ~t spcakmg 0 ~olctnria n rcvolutio n. It i s n Ot imafter thc victory of ",ICp. some country imme diate ly after
possible of course, t 1at III
f
I
be
h
voiutionary ove rthrow o f the bOl1rg~ l sle, t l e rc may
~ e r~ So"iet govcrnmcnt o n the baSIS of a government
b/~~l of ~h~ Communist Party with ~ definite party (or its

Left wing) participating in the revolution.

or

CO II is p rimarily .. J:O ~ 'i' ''l m{' 1I 1 01 .~ I,u;:J: I., a ;,:a ill st 1(!Scis m
ld rell ct io l/.
I I III " '" hi' ;j g-OV" I'IlIllI' nl :. ri!'oi n g as the rcsult
tiCthe u nil {'d frO:HlI m" '~nH.: nt ;1Il1! in no 1\':ly restric t i n g t hi!
o ti,.il), of the CUI1l Il 1L HII ~t P any :Ind : he l11 a "':. or:::-a ni s..'ltio ns
the \\'orki l~;": cia ....... hut on Ihe contr:lr y t:lkin;.:: detc rm ined

allt

,. hlcst hesitati o n,

ment Wlfhout th e s.lg

~lIlh

~le'1sur~'" ag:'I I.l~1 ~hc ('()~ "HCr-rL',ul" l iQn:lr y

se we shall dec arc

"f

:-J~eakin;.:

:1{

'I

the I nln "ot

JlI~tl\' ic l "rr I lf th e S uv iel rl.:\'u lllliun .

the \VII :,t k i nd uf gtl\'1,: rnlllenl i" l lli ... ~ A nd in what situ;lti o n
u l d th crL' h e :lny qlll':'l io n of Mil II : 1 g-u\'c r n nw nl '~

:1]1:IIl CSc illl.

, tl n.ir ,wop 1.:,

nl in' ( 'oll ~re:-:s I
SI:lte
(lUI" e... , . ~ rl.:t.lln~:-:.
.'
.In I , Ie lI:1
" rn ..
COli1nlrr
. Iwll''''
, an
_ o.11
... ,' Ihou .~ ' liS '''Iffnlt'r
n..,...,
"
n':\(,

H, c \"I . luIII) Ii .

.1 , ;,,,, . hut
1111' possible for_
'o n of a lHll ted fr" 111 gfJ\, ' r nlll l~ 1I1 (J " Ih, (\'t I lf a nd bef o re

,'uin th' \\lIh :111 tho .....

" "
, "
~
h! n ~ I\ .1:
, i b llllnc:-4' ...
_. riwr\' of l IIn:1 W Heh at .
. 1i .. 1lI ;In(
'.
lin' Il;t

,
"
r
'
perl:a I~t-C
: I r0.'Cc.::.'" l,,,:-11I1;!' 0 11 ... ,"c.:: ,' '.,( I hl' !,>. I \'.;l,1l(1Il 0 llieir
org:1fl
.. .... . '1 rt ~d ~IfU;"...
...ure 111 :11
e;.; p ress Ihe
-

()Cl uht'r

II

. . ' :l l i\'l' I.lken , 1\' oll r cuura

,UI'"
.
'n'

59

>

w ll" ' ,r.1II .)..:111 ;1nll

. ,)C:t'pk.

"AS C ISM

trade unio n s . mu s t be in a v iole nt s t,lI e o f re\'olt ngainst

{ascirrn muf rea ctio n. bill arc tlo t yct rca dy to ri se in ins urreclion, to fieht 1I"(/C1 Comlllullis L Part)' lca!lc'rship f01 the
achievelllt'llt of S o'vic:t powe r:
maSS

Third, the differentiation and Leftward movement

After Ihe October

"

in the

6,

C I. ... "

1&v.'I \ II" I~
. . ..
.
, ,I wr I'.IILI. ... !'. I , I U 'pat in ..
. '"
_ "
. ' , ,), -111.1( r.lt
" 'IL I' ~, .." Iw. , I , II' " " 11 \1 wI" .,

TI

L_

OK'

r ....("01111III

~' ', ,"

r ,lnk ..

r,

l Ull "

I 11 "~'" ~ ,
:tlro ,. fI",
. , k l ll Il.!
I W ill

1I1I1t..
,
,H' 1
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,
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l
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l' I'I! '
" II.

"I
,'/'('
tit' .1 ._

. I 1, . .. ',,11 111111111 "'"

~1'lllI'r \~ II , I II~ ' II rt' IU"' j, ' lW ry
III .. al l1:. 1 I
n ",all
l

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i ., , ~

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w hal lOIl

P ' L ln ~

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... ,

,.",1. / r"/I,I""', .... r" J..:l-: h ,

I'

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'.
f , .... 1',111 11" , '-1"' 11 1\. C. li n",
,.i II ... " "',n P:II'" w h i 'l
CI

' . , .. il1l:1li"ti \\'111 ;u ' Iuall v a l ,c.

" ~"

.,
:'1".1 in
' II lx' pn'''' 'rlt 111 a !'o llnici\! "
\\ lO ' n.
"<; i lo'S WI
"
.
<0,
.
,
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"
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III 111:1>."'",'11 ,
WIll' I
, .
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.. , '111'11 '
,
. /'
.,~
" i" i l11 p,,:-."1 I t ' W . " /' / ill (III \' I" II, ,' e llf'IIII I.~ I .011 ..

111

d CL.:'rt'\'

"1 'f II ' , I

.,.

" ibilil\,
, IS 11 0 'r1II'.II ;1I1t I IH'I ,,1\1,'
. "r!"nl: III'
, . :ll1d ' " t;.
~ .
' "
III'" (l'I' k l ln \\'1 , ' " , abo 1111" " o r "Ilg I'\ a~r
tIll'S \\1 n .
o nenl ,l I
...,
' ,h'\'<;' b u'
p:Ht! Illlr!'oC
.....
"',~clin!!.
\

.
.
.
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< tI , ) ,hi .. '1 11 <":'.11011 ("r di :-4.:ll~

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brlllj.!",..
.
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T Ill! (:It:[ I h:I' \~'~' ar;\'our!"I" l'on Il L,\' II ,d Wl lh "ur t.:,a~ lIal;oll
.

~uch

'1 po:-."

.
. , 'dl I("'-d:l\' ,!", II ' .
,. li 'lI t! l)r\)!"!lt', 'I:-' . ;11:-'11 WIl" Ill ..
",on. 1 ,
.
I tht! 11111111 '
.
~
. r ,I .... iw :llio/l rlnllI . u mtL'U
' . ..1 ,' ''(lI l l 1II0\,C Il \\' 11I III a IHlIllher of
o ,I I,;I ,<ro\\'1
'
1I 0 t i l,;
);1'
, 1 For llI"rl' I I Ia n t C11 Vt;.lts
~c lU , l ,.
' .. the reccnt I
' . I
,
" 1 I
IIn ni .'!' dU ri n],::
. . 1'<;1 coulll ru':.; 1;1:-' W,' I1 !"1Il I I lat il
co
.
'
,ht'
C:lPII.1 I.
. I
.
I, 0 ( I'ISCUS!!
Ih e ~iILl;l " o n In

CO \lll llllnl~1 tll l' r! lallOlla

.......S.~ I f\. f,lr th e
\l'a~ 1\1 1/ Ill , ...
,
d
11 ,

(1/11,,1\1
:I (1'11':-'111 111 0
'
I _ Ilwt 'II ()lI r I '' Ollrl I1eong-rcss

I"'r CO Tll r~( l'!",

"
. 19? ' I
: .
Y nll rcITlCTll '"
1",',1 CO Il 'y rc!'... .. 11 . -"I, t Ie queSt Ion
"
'If th e '\ 1 ,
~

I
in 1922, a m I :1g".III1 .
k
or ,I ':1'o , /':'; r s ( It/ , Pi'flS lln /s'
o( ' I ~i'O'

crs
.
d ",cussion .

.
,
';}'" un c r
,- .
. I
I
"-0:( "",1 1' '', \\ .,
' I nll c ..lio n Whl C' 1 W ; IS a m OSt
(lIrnCl I CS-"t:
. ' nlhlh'
upo n , 'I '
I
'1'1Ie (.II
,
"' di"c !I ~"' in '~ 10-( a ".
l! )ales
.. to dll' one we :lrc . .
~
. I
.
:In:! Io!!OIl~
I ' I e in ,he C mllTlltllll:-'1 I1lern:lILOnal
Ih:l l tOO'k p bee
,
'' II 1 l:ll
'. 1111 nd in r ~ r lic lI l:Jr th e po I"III GI I e rrOrj
,
Ihis (11I..:slIon, n
'.. I
I.
conccrn ln /!,
' d ' connl'("li on wllh 1\, Ian! to t liS da,'

of {h l' SIo~~ n

.' d

0 "

II

fl g ln ;1 y t Ie ISSUt

I . I1 w e r(' .C('I.llllllltl C' In

wile
rCI:liJl ('od thclr Impo.rt:l,n ce

.
. '/
..
f r SI10rPCllltI
.t : our ~'I .t: 1 (ItIC,' (/t,'ttlnl/
~o ilrc Ri1[llt or .. I. eft .. (film Iht
Ihe Jall.r e r {)l dC'i.'Ullh'~ns
,'on
Therefore J shnll hrieAt
'k r on t IS qucs I
.
Bolshr:'1 in C f I
r~ in order 10 draw from them Ihf
poinl out:l. few 0, (' .esc
" cerpr~c~~nt poli cy of our P :lrl i('f',
lessons nccess..1.f) o r I
. ~d
~ ,' " I . b
,,
"
' . of mistakes was delCrl11111 C precise ~ y
I !IC fl,st SC(lC~ t the question of:l worke rs g-o\'crnmen\
the ClfCulllst:l.nCC tJ:l.fi l ' int erlinked with th e ex islcn cc of I

\\'~ ~ot cle?~I .\' ~~Wil~~1 i~

pohIlC:l.I, enslS.

lntt~s

this the RiJ!M opportunists wert

ns though we should strive for th~

a(ble 10" Jntoc(rpar~\'o~kers' a~\'ernment. supported. by ~he Cornorllln Io n

b
k II
I " s lOallOn Tht
muni.st Pari),. in any. SO to spca.
norma
I ~
.

II,a. I .,'l t ,. " 11 ,h,' "Ih" 1 ha nd , " ., " I-: nis,'ct II IlI \' "ILI'II It wllrkc'rs'
ti'f.,.crnll l, II .1" I ( '111 .1 I,, f"IIIII '" ":>.,111";\" '''' I,,' :.rm,d in!>l1r.
C.. !ifill, ,dr. , II .. , "\",l hf"W .. f 11 ... I")lI f j.! " ";"""
B n, h .... il" ..
r' , (t. " " ,":":' 111 ,.r,I." ., .1\" 11 ' \ a " '\Wlilll'll "r ..... II mi ..t :!. k~",

," ,1.\" 1,1\ 'IIrI, ": " '{// ' /f. '.H .)" l /t " ," (Icl 1'(.,, ~ i,I, rtl l i{J 1I "r .Il("
~",
: )I-<' jjil', ,', ,111 r,"' (' in ""'''' :1111", .. .. f 1111' PIII;III':,1 I'r isis :lIld th e
. I,.;;a,r).! " 1'( 1111' 111 :' ....: !II' ,,,,'l11l'nl , in wilil'\ 1 11 11' fo rlllnii o n of a
"1 :, ...1 (!I,1l1 1-:',,\.. r n Il1l' 11I 11\;1\' pr"" , 11O-:.si
II ' ' . hl ., ,nd 1)OlilicaU"
' .
'

............, 1 (\ .

n~ "" - '

,(" ~I "",1 ~" ri, '" I,f "rrO T!" ,\ ,r, d"krm;lwd h " the c irc umstann! 111.'11 11.1" 'IUI .. ,;nll
a wIHk " rs ' 1!I,\,'rn'{\C IlI W:I$ n o t

Tht"

.,f

:,'lc rl inlwd WIth Ih, ' d,,\,,'lr'pnl"n1 of Ilh' mi ti t;\!) t Ill:lSS 1t)II/ell
Qui ", (I~''''lInlt of lit,' f'r fl/.-tillill t. TIl II'" III(: l?i,t:l1 1 OPPM-

':";$/:0 \\l' r. .'na"." ',1 In ,li " Illfl

Ih(, '1l1esI ;o n , Ht\lIc inl! it to the

IIIlprin6 pkJ l :1ctt('~ (,f f" r lllin~ hl" ,~ "';Ih S()('i:ll . Dellloc ratic
pn rtieS nil 1IH' h:I :-',!" IIf plI r, t" p :tr11:Hlll'n t;\ry ;,rr:l n I!Clll l"!nt s.
The uU TII l. l'fl s , n il 1I 1f' ~I'h (' r hand, s h o Bll'd: " f\:(, cO;ll ilio ns
wilh 1111' c'I'lnlt' r - n ' \' oII1I10n~r" S'lci:!l-Dl'lll oc r:1ls ! " r '~~:I rd i n g
;III Soc i :aI - I )\'lllocr:t ' ' ;' :1, counll 'r. rc\olution:nies ~t hOlto m ,

Bot h \\" Ir.. \\'ron ~. :tnd wc now "Illpha!"i:-,,', on t Il(' o n c hand ,

\h:lt \\',~ arl' ~': II in II ... IC'ast an-<.ioll s (or Sti ch :1" work er s'
.rO"crnnll"1l1
:tS "''' 11 1.\ 1)1' nnt lll,,:! mo re fi r l, 'ss Ihan nn e n-, r ....('<1 S t)('i:ll.J),mon:l lic C"I"(-fnmc nl, \\',~ even prefer to
:l~
\\':li\'e
c;l lli ng .
,t a" wor k'cr, ' t!"o\crnm e nt.." :1nd $pcD k 0 I a
unite(i jrnlll J:()~'('rll""'ll t which i n po litic:.' ch.:l r ~ c l( r i ~ som eIhing- :1h ~ll1lely tli/fonll. aiffl'rl'n' ill pritlcif'lc . from ,,\1 the
Socinl_n" 1llorr:1 li(' c"w'rnlll c nt s which lIsl1:l ll \, ('all ,h cm sch 'es
;, workN:-" (m ' .a h .... \1 r) conrt1ll1ents. "
\ \lllile th e SocialDemocralic g-o\'cr llIllI' Il I i<; :11\ ; n <;tr u l1len t o f cbs..' collaboration willi IIH' bOU rl!l'O j,,; , ;n the ;nu'rest (If the prescf\,:\tio n o f
(;.'l.pitali:-'t order. n IlI/ il " (l imnl L'(I~ ' f'Mlm C I1I i S:'l n in~t rum e nt of
collnho rn li ol1 b CIWCI' !l Ihe rc\,olut ;o n:IfY v:ln~uard o f th e pr~
Ict:lrial :In<l oth e r :lIlli-f:1 scisl partil'f'. in th e int erest of the e nlire l oi lin ~ pop ul ation, a !!,O\'C'rnm c nt o f s trugc-le .:ll!:linst
fn scis 01 and re a c ti o n , Olwinusly there is :l r a dic n! diffe rence
hclwccn tht'sc IWO th;ll ~s.
011 tllr other h:ll1(1. we cmph:lsi,,<, th e nl'( 'c~'iit y o f seeing
tlrt diffNI'II CC bcl~"I'j' ll Ole '':I'j') tliffen' nt r(lmps of Social.
T>.:m(l cTn c,l' . As' h:lvC :l lrc:l dy po inted o ul. th ere is 3 reactionan' f ilmp of S oci:lI-Dc mocraC\' . but alongside of it there
exists ':lnc! is growin~ th e C~lmp o f the Left Social-Democrats
(wilholll qllot:ltion marks). of work ers who are becoming rev()-

lutionary.

The decisive difference between them in practice

... .... ' N. T

Til l

wottltI t./l'l

C t."'

6:1
... u il ild . 1<' II", uni lt d f .. ,,111 " f ri ll' ~\" 'llc il' l-:
1'. ,11:.'"'' in ,heir :'
...; ,'" Iklll' ''',I I ' .1'" ,1}:",Ij, / II
"
'/1,'" I I'\" I N 1, 1 10 '
d ........ .
I " (t',11
,"
, , ' ,III' 1I,"/l,, 1 {ro,,1 1I ,,,,,'ll h ' l l!, Ih ,.\
,
'
w l .. , III<
unll ..,,1 '1011.1.
'
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ItIU r" ' ' ...
. T h.' 1..-11 :-',I ... ' .l I- I)l" ' ,I~

nll ll pn lll1l . . , ' \11"1

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til '

/1 111' "

:-l fl' flJ.,:tllI'!I Iht II

I0'

e ndS /In'

'll i lt."

, " ,I'

11'"

1111' \ '

.11'(,'.1<1.

11I : 1 ~" lll l1 ' ll

In llll Il ll,,',lI lc nl .

,'

111 0 \ '\ ' 1111 ' 1 1 : -

"

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n1i l i1:rlll

t1H" ...l1Io: n \

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n,I' ,\
'"

as lilis

a" ni" . ,

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,
0.: : 1;': : 11' 1:-1

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.
,' " I,... ' I ("(.11:-1:11 11
..
l l n ."I('I I " I 1 I 1 \ \ I I "
(:rsn:- rTl . il l
:
" ' : ,, " ,-," t'rn 1llI " '1 I II :-o lf ll;':;':
1"" /
,.. "'"" ,nn!"e , l \1W I 'r ll
' l " \.
f)<! Ill/-: , Ill' II n1 ll".
.

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.

., I ' !I I d t! \ 'dop s , , It! ;.... "

.
1Il",!.:n
t
(' VI U b 'l l ,I ,.. f l';u ' II,H'
: l fI' , ':-O,
:\ud rhc
, ,' u ,'~' r 'lIn!.:
10 , ' , .'-...
_ n l II. "" , .nl witt 1)1' Of,'all l""" , / ro m IJd o";./"
r
111'1:-""
nlt"~"
...... i'
' ,
"
rk II " ,-,'' " /11(1' dfl.~.~"' ,H!.' III/ S "I, ( , I,' lI"i/.'(1'
."
,'
I ,,1111'11;': thc
he \\,jc!t-r I Ie n..: [ \ \ o
, I f " ,'"
' IIn O I'" die 'IIU' ''' P 0.1"'"
I
'
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' ,0 111 //I lit' {l( III ,~ ",..

"'f

,h,"

<
" , '"
/
'U'orli:, ' n, , /:>

,'c, . 'Inwn "

ch e s /i ullI p,'u p " /l1 11'~{'"

IlI/ ,

CU ll II.

' " ,, ' ,/,.-, '-~U 'lf " n ll" ! :I:..: :lIlI s l a pUSSI l e d ..
gfcah.'r WI
t
... ,.. " .
"
.....
r.' .
.
f ", " /",lic,' o f the united Iru ill ;":1I \"Crllllll' IU ,
"'cn er;II IOIl 0
e
.
' ..
, ' I
' - . f mi "".k c l1 vi ews wh it- Ii ca m e 1(1 l ig ht
I hell/rtsen!!:;u
, '
,' . ""
,
I ' 0" ott r fo rm er dl'bnlCs to uch cd pr('C I:-oe ~ o n I 'e prll c_
( ,ur~ t; (,!icv of the " workers' /;ovcrntllen~," T h e I?ig/l/
Ir C.D ",
",
con 'iidcred "HIt 11 .. wo rkers g'ovc rnllle lll"
uf'por
IHII S $
,
h
k't!p .. 'within th e fr:unc wor k' 0 f' )o ur,..~c'
'OIS (C illO.
~ ug ,t ,,10 d' <on~ ue nt l\" o ll o-ht not to mke all )' s teps goin r
, nn
"""'~Iework,
'
r: I.he u I /,0-.1
J 'I' J . o n I,

1erne\
}C\'ond
chis fram
lc ,o'
l, ler
h:lnd. l1<:lunlly refus(..a 10 make :1 11 )' :lIICmpl 10 fOfm a 1II11ICd
I

'

,I , '

,..

"

, ,

Iht!

f ron t govcrn llIen I-

In 1923 Saxony and l'hlHi"gilJ presented n. ~~e~r pi c ~lIrc

of:a R i ,..hl opporlu ni SI . workers ' governm c nl
In :1Cll on.
The enl~" of Ihe Communi sts inlo th e ~n~oI1 Y govc rnment
j()inlly w'illt the Left Soci" I-DcIllOCrnls (Zt:I~ n e r. g ro ll~)~ . was
no misl"kc in itself; on ,he cont ra ry. th e r e' o l utlon"r) ~ ltU:l~
tion in c,crm nO\' full," justified thi s step . .Bu t wh en p:lr licipatin ... in the' O"o\"crnrncnt. th e Commlln,st ~ should have
used II~ ir positi nt:!>ns primarily for tir e pllr~()sj! o~ arm;,,!: tile
proletariat . This they did not do. 1 hey (lid n('1 cVCn
requisition n si ng le aJ)..'lrtOlCnl o f th e rich. ahh o ll ~ h Ihe hous.in g sh orlage :amo ng th e workers was so gre:at Ihat m:my o f
,h em were still without a roof over their heads. toge th er with
ch eir wives and children, Th ey also did n f)lIli,,~ to orgHnise
th e revolu tionary mass movement o( the worke rs.
They
behaved generally like ordi"ary parliamentary ministers

''''' e l'w

6]

" Wilhill. 111" fr anll'lI 'Jl h ,.f 1 1{'IIq.~ . . , i ... d"lll j .c racy,"
As
11111 "f lilt", " 1l"r1I1 t1t. :,1 poll(")'
.
yo u
,,110 " . til t '.. IIw;,:-- th e n ..."1"
" f B r"lndl
j' r
'111eI hi S It ( l\ ' r" I,',"','
It 'f !"I''' \llt 11'11 ... :-o uch I W ll k r llplf"\' li la l I/tI t '
s (i ll 1',,'11 1'" l" I,. r. "r Iv 111 . ~","l: fnl1lt: nl IJf ~' axon)' 'IS
IIr
ll_. ,,;1:1:-.... 11.,1 ",;llIIpl., "f hi.. " n ' ,' I '
.
'
, .

, n'

,he

1Jl!!I;I,.t!

\I

,...,

III "

"llIlon;.fll...

:-oh.m ld

11 0 1

It " ,

'\o-ll la ll ( 1 f,f " " "f)' IinillI r,'"",

,
\ '
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/.:1J\'c rllme nl
,
,
I ,.. .. , 1\1 p OI, "
II ' \' ,
\l ',
III1 t;""ird'"
,
, ,' IU :lIl d Ih;,1 s uch II gOl'ern'1\1 C:lrr l"
IIIG
I
' .,11
r 1 I Iddllltl
I e ' ;, nti. /U,,,JII Ill t' II(af ": ~ 'O / u " wnll r y
df l llnll l ! fl' ljl ~ ' ,'(
'Y I U' ~IIUll lltJ1l, ,F o r inM:lIlct.:. co nlrol o f
,ro<luC:: I1 UII, .01lIH .1 .. f Ihe h :II1I.::-. h:-ohanding o f Ihe o lice
,li S re,) I:I."I"" II" II I IH'
'
P,
' ,,, , ;.r l llet! wo rl,' " ,'.' ' " , "'
I I , ,a.
I'IC,
F ifl
;' I~(
, ct'l\ yt'an.
..
.
, ' ' 1,1'lI i n !';.tlet! " />lJlI ""
.~ ' I) f OC liS' a I' o ur
I
, u: otlon 011
,
"~afl.. ifill::
, .o u. ..f<)r m .... of trnrt sifi" " or app rOtl CI
It 111'"1\ I" e I " I,l l In
'
10' he ) r t1
, t:t an.t n 11':1'1>
I Ullutl.
a n ll m ber
I> c' ounl fll'; :-O till '' '''11/,',
. . [ rnlll ;':1!~' ...
nllll(' t1/ wi l' p r OVe to ,)e U U t
uf Ihe ' ll1 lJ:-o l I lllpt JI1. 11\1 II:ln.~ II llJ llal fo n ,,''. ',',Ie. .. L c rl ..
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l e l , le
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..
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':
,.. "' lbU\I \ ,. fo r"" ~ 0 f tra n S\"IiQIL ..
'/" ,e Rl, gltl
l1 .l:-.I ,... . un thc olhcr h a nd . I fl'
' cd \ 0 est~. bl 'IS , I
.. uppOnll
I
s.......-:w l , I 1' lII
, I 'Vf ocI rfl flc
I III/I.' tlll. ed
, ;(l l.: sJa"
"" c .. ", " " g, b c I w ec n t , le
dicl;ator~~lIP U t l ~ )ullrg~u l s\~ a n.d ,the .di cla to rs hip of the
prolewn .,I, (o r Ihe pllrpo::: of IIl st llhn g Into th c worke rs the
illusion of a p eacd ul par h a m c nt a r l" procession f rom t h "' 0
e nc
'
I
dictators , lip
U II Ie t )\ , ler, ' / ' " liS . fictitious .. intcrmedi:.tte
smgc " th c~' al ~o calle d I,he .. tran ~i lio n a l fo rm," a nd c\'en
quoted l.e.IlI.1l 011 the s ubJccl! But th is piece of swi ndl ing
wns ~~t dlnlc ult to expose ; fo r I.e nin spok e o f the form of
(fnnSlllo n and app ro;1 ch 10 t he" proleta rian rC'i:o lution " '

COIIII";IIIt ';, ~ \\' t,;

10 t ,Ie

,
r"
o\'e~ I , lro\\" 0 t Ie

'
a nd not

I .C .,

)ourgcois dictatorsh ip.

of
some tr~nslt1 0 na~ fo rm vclwcc tl th e ho urgeoi s and th e prolelarian dlctato rs lllp.
\Vhy did Le nin a(tribl~t~ s uch e xCe pti onall y g reat im portance to th e fo rm o f tran ~ ltl o n to the pro le tarian revolulion'
Ilecaus? he .~ ore in mind
tI,e /u nda m c,rlal la~ill 0/ all g-redt
,et:01U.tIOII S. th e law thm fo r th e masses pro paganda and
ag1tat!on ... Ione c.1 ~n?t tak e th~ place of th ei r own political
II

wh~n It IS a q~estl on o f attracting really broad

m~s of tl~e tOll e r.s to ~h e SIde of th e re\'oluti onary vanguard,
wt~hout whi ch ;'\ , :tc tor!o us strll::!~lc (o r power is impossible.
It IS a common Ill~s~akc of a Leftist character to ima gi ne that

experience,

as soon as a political (or reVOlutionary) crisis arises, it is

,- .. 11

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he: rO;ld w rt:'\'olutl{ln : 1111 I H.' II l'UllIe
.

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III

\\ Ilholil IIIHhn~ I ,
Lllioners.
~If:l,
, c of Ihc 1:1-.(;,
.. t cXl"C ,....~ibihl\ u( (orl1l1l11-: ;,
under. I '"
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1" 1.,1' ",,~ \\ hr
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nnlilica l ( rbls.

(ar 'IS sur to

/11::00.' . ' ~ I ' .nemies of

d ie peop le. :mJ

i e
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' r, ' , .'Ira," :lnd
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::ohnl ,
'1 ",11 !:I ke o llr p!:lce III Ih e
f I
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d "10; ,uld it'rs 0 I Ie re
1'"1" 10 Ih e II t:1 ~SCS :

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\\C bnru:,:, It IS 11 0 1
/ ,' ,slli'/I' 011"" ," III
I ' f'O"ern I
,
Firwl sult-allo n I ll' to h i .... rule of the l"l:plollcrs,
nnd

in 3 po"'lIon 10 o,'crl hn.~w 'II ~ ~I~~'inilte the d nn:!c r of fn<;('isl

(or Ih i~ rl';l..on cannOI Inti ,\
'Iy " is n CCC:-..<;.1 r r to pu' pruc
'
Con:o<qucn
"
rounhr-rc\,ollillon.
,' , S ovici powe r :lIId Dilly S OV ICI
/'" tl//' socialist rl"':'o lllt lQu"
,
power ca n bring such ~'lh'allo~ ','elopmem or Ih e wo rld si tu tl_
. In 61i maling [he I)~~~~l ;risis is maturin g in qu it a
lio n, we "C'(' I h:l~ : "Th is detcrm ines Ihe g rc:J.1 urgc nc," ~ nd
num ber or countn C', . , . "
b)' OUf Co n u f C55 0 11 th e (lucs t1 oll
impo rwllcc or :J. firm (CC I ~lo n
~

,onl gO\'er nmenl, "" " a Bolshc"lk

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f:J.shlon
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arc
able
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, ou r arl.
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. cd fronl I!0\,crnm enl . or
Ihe o pporltlni,,' or (ornung :J. URiI
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ils rorl1lnlion
and rh, e eX istence
In
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,
,
b
~ \7,er of such a govCfIllllCIlI lor lhe, ~ct!o~"t'~f'~(Jr.'~ IrD/;"" ~
o/ Ihe masst'S, Ihis will be lhe,btSI poh"ClJI/uslr lCallOrt 0 Our
IXJ licy of Ihe formOllion of Unlled front gO"ernm niS.
1'1/ (1 /rIc%Kical Struggle Against FlIsci.t Pll,
O ne o ( Ih e weakest as pects of the anti-fIlsc~ st s truggle
of o ur I'tHlics lies in Ihe (act Ihal they react Inadequately

G,

' A ' C I.",

.If' .'U/-:flJ:Y ('I ,,,sci.n u, 1111111(, thi s dll y

"
' UIW t" I"uk \\ 1It. tI. - oI,IUI IIpOIl the ,lIlIhl'm .. o r till'
(tIU"
rllJ,:gk ,1;':,1"''''' f a ... , .. , ,. ",'(0 fJl-:)-. \ 1/11\)' (Imlf.'fle.:. diet nht
"~htH' Ih.,' ~. fl',,, 1/"""') .1 \ '''II'I~ lJf bC',url-: ;"i'jl ~ idrotulo:)'
I I h~ IJI~.I ..... , (,I /. .... ''' III , \\1111..:11 III II .. Slupl(llIY (u!qulJntly

lid

trll) It'''I'/'' I ', til<'

'~ncht.'''' 1111' tHII II!, ~II """u-y , \\ ; ... II/p,.hle 1..11 ,,:111 11 I Ill; : i 11111 .. .,
~. OUCIlCo' .,jl. I I" , WII ... . ;.:rC!l 1 Il1I Maku . 'l' lIt. putrcf:'lc till n

/I'

,/I

r .lj}iwli , ," IM'l1e";III'" II ' th e Inn' "rm""1 Cure

III 'uIlIH ", \~ IlItl' tI\I' ,t"" I)I'r:llt'

~;~t;e.

Ik'Hplt'

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(o'n~I'r~ 1"r~'I:.n ... ~: I(Jn~

of

of

idcfJl(,~y
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~Iwm sU"ir~I:)tlblc

10

In(IlIon (rUIli Iltl.; 1t1t 1l1"t:ll.11 rl.;l\l ~ of tillS plIIn'(.,cllon.

, Ve 1111 ,..', IIlIde r , 1I"ll rl 'I ~ I"t:lIIIl'" lIndur rlll (' Ihis fll ';oC ist

adl" fur IdloloJ..:ltltl mtl'(lIOII. On tht: CfJlltr::t r \' we must

d~~dOP (or ullr I,;,n ;In l).kn~i\ t' uJ" " logiC'al "lrtl~~le on the
b_l..,i .. of ( 1t,If, popu~;.r ~.r;':l~n~fn l ,mtl ;1 c'Jrrl~ t, .... dl lh{)u~ht
tlil l appro;!, Ii I I) th, 1>"1 ult. ltllle" o ( the n:llulI1:!1 psycholo!::y
f the Ill;..." ... of Ihl' p('op l" ,

II

.
Th e fa,"" 1'' ''' :m: rUIIIII1 :I/.:' ln:,.: IltrouJ.:"h tilt' "llIire hisIO, )' or
, \l' n ' nali lln '>(J a~ 10 h l' ;,hl e 10 po ..... :J!) Ih,' hein. 3nd on.
,IIn l,:'r5
or ..11 Ih;11 \\a ... l,;,lted
..
IT
. :Ind lu'roic in 11'0 IX1!)t
' ..... h ile 311
11:,1 \\':I~ th';.:ra tlLng o r II Cn!)I\C It) the natitJll,l,1 o,c nlim' IH l't o f
'''I: l)Copll' 11\\' \ ' 1ll"lc{' " "'C o f ;"" wt'apn ns :'1;:1111.,1 I he c nt'llIi .s
~(fasc i S Il ~' Il u ntlre" .. (If hook ... arl' being- publi~hed in (; ernl:tn~' which pur~ue o nly ,o ne. 'IIIn-l~ fah,i(~ the history o f
,he (;e rnwn pt'()ple ,111<1 gl\' c II a (.ISCI.;t complexion .
The Il cw.I):I~eJ ~ 'l1 i ona.I . Soc ia 'i "l h is toria ns Iry to d 'pict
, histun' (Jf ( .e rlll:LII )' :t:-. If fo r til e last t wo Ihuu sa nd )'ears .
"C
' IOfiCa
" '1 a\\, " a CCrt:u'n.
IJ ' "irlln: .0 !'oIJlllc "'1 lI-,
hnc of dcvelo pn~cnl had run Ihro\l~h " , like a reu thread which led to the
tlPI)t:arance un Ihe tll ... toncal cnl' of a national " saviou r ,"
~ " ~I cs.;iah ." o f tl.le Coman l>coph.: , a certai n" corpo ra l ..
, llls /rulll (:xtr:l CII OI\ I In th ese boo ks Ih e J::reates t fl ~ures
the G e rm a n peo pl<: in the P~I are rcpreM!ntoo as h avi n g
Ilt.'tn r3SCh-h. \\ hi Ie Ihe grea t pca." n l m o ,'c nl(:nt!) a re sct dow n
"~Ihe dirl"Ct pn..'c ur ~ r ... of the fa b t mo vc ment.
~llIssolini 11I:1 kcs cv e ry e rror! 10 cOl piwl isc Ihe he roic figure
or Garib'lldi. Th e Frl' lwh ra!'lei . . l!'> bri ng 10 the fo re a~ their
heroine J oan o f Arc, T he: America n fa:<i-, ts appc;.11 to the
Ir:ldilion s (lr the :\ mc ric.1 n \Va r o f Independe nce, the u3dilions of \V.1:-.hin glO ll :1I1d Lin coln . T he ntl '~;tria n fascists
mllke II SC of th e nali o nal libe ral io n mOve l11 e nl of the se venli~ and it s heroes belo\'ed of Ih c peuple , Vassil Lc\' sky ,

or
or

Stephan Knraj, and others.

6,

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i!'t_ ~l lIr;\.I!'oI . l\ '~!III stlllggic ~" I I I .\ t he {;"d .. 1 fab i fi l.: rs HII
IiI/ I: li P ,/U'I' P' ''''~l ri l)t rdillq~n~ h 1,'1, of tlH-' 11:I1;o n, in ordt:t
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th nt 1I1e ( nsCiSd~ ' t('C
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c;
It! ,/II /IIIIH,.
N~. ('Oll1 r;" ~I/\' o/lhl' PII'SI'II: .. we COI1l II1Ulli sl~ do not
q UI's l lO ll , 11 0 0 OUTII p" opk,c
0 Ihe t:w ft i n lL' reSIS of the
(h I' "lISt 0/ O,'~\\t ,)Olit: \' b:ast<1 o n rro w-llliIHh.d functionaril..'S
' lie .' I II"r
' f thoSC
IHI
p ur~
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'''
'Irc nOlO
_ f
Illcdic\'a g' 1Il e landi.
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d~r .. 0
G
,
worr.C -' :ade unioll5 or e:a t: ' \\'e :H C Ih e rep rc:'t' nl:1t"' e~ uf
of t,he I~. 'IIld jour neylllen "
'111 )Orl:l l1 l. Ihe f.!rc;l t c~t d~,ss
cr:llI sllI~ "';llCrcst ~ o f the Ill~~ t I. I'I~ to who:-;c destiny it fa lls
th e c~~!;!' I~iel\"-I h e \\'or)."[I1 :; ~ '; , ~f tht.' c:lpitali s t HStCIll
,
'
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,1
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Of nwucrn nkind
fro lll
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f " wo rl d t:IS <1 re<1e yeast
10 frl"C 111<1
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lilU
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th e r\l 1Ilg C ass,
the c I,1-":
f
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11
th
e
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p
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.
f ' ,o\'c rwhclnung
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,nlisl t:o un lry,
"
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c:a p'
,
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t
1C
'
1'.Jilt we
\Ve COO1Ill UIllS "
' n :-. l i~ nt of e \"e ry \'ane ly.
prinriple. or bourgCO IS n~ t l~al "jll ilis lII. n lltl sh o uld n cvc ~ nc t
nrc 11 01 sl.pport crs 0/ fwtlOl 'cr the wo rk e rs a nd ~III to ders
:'IS "uch,
The t:-.sk of. ed~u:allnt-t"on-di S01 is one o f th e fund a.
nut whoever th in ks
: ., ,'" " <piril of prolet:-. n nn mt er~~ ,',. ,'" ,
"
.... , 'Co mmunt ~ t .. "
,
mc nr:-. l lasks. of e, cr~
, c ompels hun. 10 s nee r a t :1 11
IhM this pe rm its ,'lim. o r ~'~~c brond to ilin g- masses , i ~ f;lr
th e na tio nol sentlmcnt~ 0
I Ilns un<!c rs toOd no thIn g Ilf
.
B IsII C"I SIll an e '
from g-C nlilne o .
r o n the na l1"0 n:1 q uc stl. o n ,
the tc,1ching of Lentn :-.nt If t'"lxHlrneois na tio na li s m reso.
L e nin. who :-.1\\'a)'s o ug 1
:-.n bcxalllpl e o f th e correct
lutt:lr a nd cons iste ntl)" gf:wC ~IS ' 1 se~;imcnIS. in hi s nrlicle
. ,
,I probl em 0 nallonn '
..
"
!1PI)fO.1C I 10 ~ e
'
f I Gre:lI_Rus"o;;inns, wrlll c n 11\
.. O n th e Na llo nnl Pride 0 tI C
11I~(('In ' .

(I:

,'I'

, 1' ,

,t .,. , ' .,

's

roletarian s i m pcr\'io u !' to

19 1-1. r shn ll quo te a pasS3g~: .
.. ..\ re we enl ig~u~ocd ~rc:a;. u~~~i~ly n~t I
W'e lo ve our
the feeling of natIonal pride , . we more than :IOY otlw r g-roup.
lang u:tgc :nul our 1ll0thcrlAnd"
'asses (i e nine-tenths of ils
k'
to raise its 13 bo unng m.
' "
S ,.
n n~ wor ' lOg
I ' f . t U'gf:nt df:mocrats and OCl3 ISis.
populat ion) to the le\'f: 0 an e I

m(tre 111:111 :",ybody. are gric\'ed 10 sec and fe r! 10 wh:.t

\~e , ceo o l'l'n'sMo n un,1 , ,,,,,,.:k cI'Y n llr he rullif,,1 nlo thuland is
~,~~e~ subjec l ed 10)' the 1I;:, n!> t ha n gmt' lT , the: noblc!! :\1\11 the ~Ipilal ,
bt' ~ \ Vc lire p ruud o f d\t' fact Ih:u thu~ :Ie,", o f violence met
lJ~ " rc .. i ~ HlIl\r. ,n ') lIr muhl, In , t he, 'nilhot uf Ihe Grt' a l,l{u:.,.iru Hi ;
I'< ll~ ",J.' t IHI\C j..p\,,' n Ih c wodd R:uhsl,dlc\', t h(: !1cu:: mbrists, 11\1:
th' las!>Cd rC\'I ~ll1 l iO,n,:'f~t'!>. ':~ I ~IC :"' \' elT t ic1'<; Ihat in H)U ;, tht; Gn,:,t.
lite .. itlll wor k""; ,1,1 "''' In " e. " .1 IlO,W(:rful r(':vo\lI l ion"ry p:lrt )' 'lr
f{tI .. IIT f' .... C ... ' ' ' , 'V" :' !'t; filll'lI \":'Ih nat ion a l p ri<1L' bl"C:lUM: of
I h~ k '\IJ\\' k d j.;c , Ihat ,llIt._ ( , r ~,lt- RU """;'TI n:'lion. ' (10, h:! .. crC;,tcl! a
th \,oIL1l iu/HH) d., .... , th.' 1 II . tr,O, hali proven c:lp:lhlc o f c,vinJ:
" 11 1' ,,, ,, , j.; rc;,1 ' c)(;IIIII'I, ..., (jf
:' lr UJ:~h: for f rccdol ll
In,
..

111
, , " ,11 ' 111 :11 ,1 1'< cun l ll)IIL10
n IS 1101 co.tfill""
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,
....
,'
u J: , c.,. ,
' 'HI 1'<
O';routl>. IIUll l~ru":. sc: dloltl ... . to,nun.: c h;IIntx:r s, grea l fam ilH:li ,
~ gn::\1 !'cn'lhl), bc(vrc Ihe I)Tle!oh, Ihe harlo, Ihe: 1:lmlowne rs
" d 11K! c:,pitall:. t !>.
,n .' , Ve: :In! fi lled \\ i ll.l nalional pridc. :I" d t herefor..: \\(:
,,/It'll/Urly h:la' .mr .. Ia\ ....h p:t .. t,' , , and our ..lll\ il>h prCM'nt,
' ie h the ... :ulle lall d uwLl ~'rl'o . :I ulcd h ) the , ,; , ,)it : d i~ ' . , .. ,
II WI
"
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'
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V'" IU !'o lLt c
0 :UII " :IIH the Ukra ine
10 throttl.,,,1'1'h, e ,l(
, U!'o
into "
' I"
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..
clcmoUle
rH
r~" l ic ntO\'C
Ill, c~ .... a ~m , III CI~lIla. to strengthcn the ganb
J I{Of1l :lno\'!'o, I~ ubrtnl>~>!'o . I u~ .... I~kc\lc hel> that CO\'Cr lo with sh amc

', n,'

"" r Grc ;lt- }{Ul>l>l an n:llional d,gnity.,

OU This is wli,1I L cnm wro te o n na t iona l prid e .

I think, com rades, Ilw t w hen the fn scists, a t th e Le ipl.ig

trial, all clllPI Cd to slander , the ~ lI l gnrians ~IS a barba rian
people, I W:IS nOt wr o n~ , In t akln!; up th e defence of the
n31iona l ho nOur?f t he tOll,l ng mas~e~ of t he B ul g a ria n people,
whO arc s tru S"f.:'h ng he rolc,al ly ,tg:I1Il St th t.: fa scis t us urpe rs,
Ihe real b:trbMl :tIl s and sav~l gCSt no r was I wro ng in d ecla rin g
Ihat I ha d no C~I USC to be .Ishamed o f bei ng .1 B ulga ri an b ut
that, on th e ~o lllra r)'" I WHS pro ud of being: a son of t he
heroic Bul g a r w n worki ng class ,
Comrades. p rOletaria n int c rn a ti o na li - ,n mU SI, so to s p eak ,
.. 3cclim.~tisc il ~e lf" in e a c,h ~o untr y in o rde r to s ink d eep
rootS in Its na ti ve la n d, l\ allonal fo rms of the p ro le ta ri a n
Glass slruggle a n d of t he labou r movcm ent in th e in d ividual
countri~s are in no contra d ic tio n to p role ta ri a n int c rnati o nalism; on the co ntrary . it is precisely in thcse fo rms th a t the
inle1lloliorlnl til/c res t s o f the prolc tari :1t c<"I n h e s uccessfull y

defended.
It gOl."S wilh o ut $ ty in g th a t it is n ..:cess.."\ r y c,'c r)'':V ll c Tc and
on all UCfdSiQ II S to e xpose b e fo re th e masses and pro ve to
Ihern concre te ly thai o n th e prc te xt

o f defe nding

unin, Collected Jl!o r/u , Vol. XVIii, pp , 100-01.

ge ne ral

"C"INST
Tllii

WOJ.ItIN Q

CLA)'

_,, ' Iht: fascist bO\lr~t:oiSil!, ,i s ~'()IId\lct illh il s

l1all~~I~ I , lIuct~I~~( op )re..~sing; nnd c~ I)lol~lIlg" It.:. uwn pcople
Cg :!itlcoti
. and 'c IlSIa \'in).!' o llu:r n3110!l!h I.hl! we I1IU :-';
OIl
as \,cll:1:lo r"bblnb,
s
\ Vc IIlUs t at II ...: :>IIII C til
ours!: t'rs to II.,
,
11(,:
not co , I"HIt'
,
,'cr ' :,Iru ...... 1(: o f th e \\'orking (. li:"S and
th
e
pr~\'C b.' t1tll~c cJul nHlI~,~t Partit:s that th c p ,rt)lc t'l r i'H in
e\'cn' manner of bOlld:l1;c anrl 1I:';lo nal Opprl'SlI1un
thc o llly tr'UC li}!htd for n:
:.! rCCl1,)1Jl ;lIld Iltc
68 ,

"

poh~)

t'

;I'~'.'~'~~I:;~in:,'
~:o'n is'

th~

independence o f thc J>t-"Oplc.

'
The interestS of Ihe cl:lSS :,Irugglt: of
pru le':lfI aI ;':;ainM
it ' O'lli\'e t:sploil<:rs :Ind opprc....,;;,scr:- arC III no [(OntradIC llun
~ ,
"
f ' frct: 'I nd happ), tllure o f tl
\\'h ' IIC\ 'C to Ihe Interest:; o . t
.
if)
1(,:
:
Iheco nlr.l )' IhcSOCi:lh" ~t rC\'O , III Ion
\\ 1
, ' sIgn
r 0
naUO n
n
.r '
"
P to il tI
Ihc sa:.j"C 0/ th e " tJtion ;l ncl WI I open , U ,
Ic rO;ld to
loftier hcig:hIS. lh tile
/lJfl 0 1
:.t
,f>rcscnt

~'.:r,\'

~U1I~hng th~
lime ils clas:-. org:u'I'bations :!.nd cunsohd :lon,g II :" POSHU:JIlS, hy
the vcry (:acl of defending Ihe t!elll~(;Itl.C ngh t!'O :lOd I berti s
aga.inst fasc ism. by the vcry {:aCI ~f h.ghtl,ll :; lur thc ovcrthrow

of capiwlislIl, Ihe working claSS IS flghtlog for Ihe future of

the Th
nalion.
e rc\'olulion:

' prokl:lriat is lighting 10 $,,'e the c uliurc"

ln
of th e pt:ople, to liberatc il (ro lll the
of
mo nopoly c:lpiwlislIl. frolll W,lrlJ MOUS
whu.:it is
viol'lling it. Onl)' the proletarJa~ re\'oluttOI~ C ln :!.\'c n Ihe
destruction of culture. and r;1ise It to the hI g h est swge o f
fl oweri ng :IS a Iruly n:tlio nal
ill /01m- {IIl tl
socialist ;'/1 cotllelll-which, under Sta/lll.~ leadership , is
bei n g realised in the U nio n of soviet Socia l ist R ep ubli cs

Sh:lc~I~~ dc~.'y ing

f:'SCI:-; '~1

cullUre-"a~io,JJaI

before our vcry eyes,

Pro lewria n internationalism not o nly docs not contradict
this st ruggle of th e loilers of the indi\'idual co untri es for
nari o nal, socia l a nd cultural freedom, but, thnnks to i nt e r.
nillio na l pro leta rian solidarity and fighting unity, provides
!~e sUppOTl which is necessary for victory in this strugrrle .
.1 he wo rki ng class ;n the ca p;wHs! count,;es c.'" triumph
In c!o;CSl alliallce with th e victorious proletariat of the (treat
Sov tet U n ;o n . Onl)' by strugglin g hand in h a nd
the
proJctamu of the i~lperi:llist cou n t ries c.tn th e colo n ial peoples
and oppr~'K:d n:lll ona l mino rities achieve the ir ((,'cdam . The
road I~ vlc~or)' for th e proletaria n revolutio n in the impcr iriti sl
COlln~nes 11('5 Dil ly through th e re\"ohlli o nary alli:10 CC of thl'
\~'orkl~g cI:1SS o f th e impe rialist cu untri es with th e nat io nal
liberation movcment in the colonies and dependent counlrics,

P "SCISN

co'
as JH t",\: lau"lIl
"'. .. n o
...,(.:1"presses
0:-.
... s ."
.,._
ollll'r nation
natI. o n era n itse lf be (,

oP

,,

'

69
.[

eel

,4n
to ;'In oppn:s.."'d d
~ m01UIII
, ... '-' ,)C VIlJ;:png
. .
1 co nI ),.1 C lall\' lnl ~1l1 SliCC
... ,,1'1
. ,[

CSS [ ull ' ...... . cpe nd c nl not

.. Ion
l r . 0 o",n nlitlOn I
they do 1101
) among: the peop!
[
"

,11(:lrlice ., n I , Ie nt:t~S movement'

II the same lillie
.
sho-:veo.
r' , ,he 'IIlJCrdllvn
.
,"
["
, a Clu:tlly struggle
In
(I
I IClf nation.llallh
(ro
C)
m the :tlicn )'oke
.\ d
r,01 ...'" on th e odlh er Ihand,' the Co !llmun'
,"3
. [
. n
to 1 " c:t
nm),' 0 ~\' 1:1.1 I ~ ncccss..'u\' t I :-.I s 0 an o ppress in
::,.,..
educate the to ;';n
do of thCO' n","u n to, ,he sl';,;t .;[
_,gillK :l rc!>olulc s lruggh.: fl r'ai S

.. I
. .
... n t t It! o pp
hei r " ow ~
Jourgcoll'olC :lIld fo r lh . ' .
reS.Sor polic\' 1of
of the natiO!l!-. kept in
to complete 'sc f_
.In not do Ji llS. lill.:y l ikcwbc d o
nda gc' by it. ' H th y
~
fl
'
nOt Illak
",Iers 0 1 I e oppressed n ~ lion 10 0 "
e \I c..'lSler for the
torrcjU
\
ercome
th clr
. natio nali st
. .
'
dlces
P If we act III till S spirit , ir io :111
",.inGingl)'
that. , .we ~ r(:
m:;,ss wo rk
we provc
.
t.
I fr ee o f \lOot,lIr
1 nauon-!
., ..
bOurgcotS un 1011. 1 15m. t len rind 001 '
... nl lIhs m and
cO
.,ge 3. rC:llly
Sl ru ....
sh311
be able to
dc ::'?f!,' of th c f:lscisls.
::.g 3,=,alnst the chauvini s t

;~t
~
, crnallonali~m ~.oitho:'

~lccminatlOn,

~)~Ig'ht

stlcce~sful

fl13

I; t~c~

\~C

renson
' :lnd pro . ,
S " , wh)' a cor rect
of ,he [.. c nuli SI-. ~:l Inl !'> ! n atio nal poli c ' i < ellcn application
. I t I:;; IHIC/IIC Sli01Jab l
) 5 of such par:l.nlount
.mporta
nce
, ..
f
_
f
Y all csscnt' 1
.
COndlllon or:l success ul Sl ru O'O'I
''
la prehmi n ary
. t
f d
~p., c aj:!".lInst ch
..
IfIJH'I 105 rum ent 0 I ('olog'ic:l. l innue
3uvlolSm-this
the masses.
n ee o f the fa scists upon
fills

IS ..
th e

o~"y
wit'~

Til "

\\ O IlKIN O

A O " ' NS T

C L ASI

,
'
\Ie \'c comlllllcd
,.
t and .:;Iw ll COntin 'I"... ' 0 c,' m "li ne Our , ~n d 1\ ..s ,0 111111'1 II JI1I11' Y \\ 1111 t!t ., ~U{ ia l l)t:tnf)( r.lli(' P a fl i l '~ nnd

III
( '() N~ ()I.II ).\T I () N 0 1: ' rJ,II ::, l'(,) I\ I.~ Il J N I S' I'
I' \ R :rJl ': :-- ,\ ~ () " I H.l ' (;C: I.E I: O j... " I, I I I:. 1,<? L1 T I l'I\L
,
l ' :\rry OF ril E P I ~Ol. hl. \j..', L\L
C omruk.... in IIll' ... trll~e'1t! fu r the (... t;thh"',h m t.'llt or Ih.
,
"
' . th e it':ldln" rll l' or t il , .
un iled (nllll t he IlIlpOr1anCe 1)1
,'
)"" 1
, c 0111.
IllUllisl I ' IIIH ' incr(:lIsl'S l'~traordinllrd)', ( ." )' 1I1 l:,COllllllunisl
,
.. '
,Il ' or;.:';\II I'o1' " H I I( th e d ' ,
p:lrt\" i:- ; 11 bot to m th t' 11I 11 1:1lO r ,
l
"
n\'lnf'
, ,
,
f l ' wodo n 'I'
(orce l)( ,hl' United t fllllt 0 t IC
...
I ,.
,
T h' l' 1II111111ni:-1 1',lrlit'!'> c:l11 I'n ... urc 1I,lCO 1110 )I II s.., 11011 or l h
c ,
"
(r ' I u n llt't! .. tnl" .. lc '1 ' . e
broadc:>t I1 W:>:-I~S o f till.' 101 l'r:> (~.
I 'f' I
J,:a l!ISI
fa ::1c islll :lIld Ihe olle ll si vc o( C;IIIII,( 1 7 ~~
~III ,) r'r,c lI ":/.'ICII

cI.......

Ih ";r

0':('"

:)' t' "

..

,::l:> '

w l t k s i ll i"'I ' 1\' , ;:S /' i '/" , I I I,C,' (l H I o p 1 IICI( 1I111ia.

, ' I . l i "l ,JOhc \' all( "PP \. co r

li,'C, pu r!->lIe " ;\1 "r,," I- ~cnll . ,

"
re<:I,
fTl'xiblc 1;Il'lil' <; whi rh wkc in lO tlcC()lI nt t he roncrele !-> Itll:ltio o

,lI1d :1li 'I'nllll'nt o ( d :I!-o-'" (o n.:'('s,

" ('

/ ' / / ') , of //, e COllllllllllisl /J(l"ics ,

r,l I SO Itt' I I '

I n th. per iod bcl WCl'/1 thc Sixth :111<1 Sc vc nth Co n gresses
~ , I ' " 1),', 01, <, cou n ari es h ~l\'e un doubtcdl y g ,o-,'
O llf P:1 r , ICS 111 [ 1!,; ......
,I .
I
I"" '
...

"' slal/H c lind Iw.'c bel' lI cOllsiti('r(lbly sh'ck!:

be n most dnn<'>'crous rni st:l ke w rcst .on IIlI S

.> l U, 11 wOuld

V
n cJlIC Cl1\c nt,

Th e Olo rc th e l~nitcd (ro nt of the wo r~ltl g class e xtend s , the

ma rc will nCw, compl ex prolJh.'llls rlSC befo re us. ?nd the
m o re will It be ncccs:...' r~: (o r u S to ~\'or~ o n ~I.'e poh.tt c.... 1 a nd
or,::n n is.... tio n:d co nS?lId nll o n of ou~ ~ :I n ,es . , I h~ u~I,te.d fr<.>ot
o f th e pro l 'l:!rin l bnn gs 10 t h e f~rc .I,n "r ~l' ) of \\?r kcrs which
will b e able ( 0 c :lrn ' out its miSSio n If till S :l.I'Iny IS headed by
:l le" din <Y (o rce whi"ch will point OU I its aim s a nd p ath s.
Th is
leadi ng f o rce c.1n o/i/y br a strong prolelar;(III, r~.;ol llt io "ilry
p"~,

'

Jf we C omm unists exert every elTort to estab liSh, ~ united

front, w e do this not for th e n a rro w purpose of rcc r ultmg new
members (o r the C o mmunist P a rt ies. Bu t w e must stre ng then
the Commun b t Pani cs in e v e r y way and inc r,ease th c ir mem.
bers hip for Ow 'Vc ry 1 c aSOli that we scr~o tl s l y want to
st re nl!th c n the united (ro nt, Th e strcnglhCl1ln g o f the Com.
munist P .arlie;;;, is n Ot a n arrow PMt\
con ce rn, but the concern
'
o( the enli re working c1:l!o's ,
Tit. , lIIIilv , fI"i'olllli Ollfl 'r y collCr,:Zlrc alia figlllillC prepared.

0/ Ihe Com "u:.!/isl Pilflics constitute mos l va luabl e capil31

wh ich belongs not only 10 us but 10 Ihe entire wo rking class.
II CSS

"

""IC ISM

"I"',nl1i:-:IIIIIII ... to Ihe ~Ir"gl-:,It: :1~:tI n '" ra~ i "' l11 wi ll i n n ir n 'c'on_
U,r)\,le s t ~ lI ~g lt; It g-: III II. I ,Sot:lI.d- J) "lliOCra{y li S Ihe i,l l'Cllo'
Clld praC1"-C or c.:,Olll p rt Jl lll'>r.: Willi Ihe hClu rg" oisie and
:11'1 ,,11y :al ..o ;1 ~;lIn"'l ("'.V pc'flc"a'iflll of Ihi!> Idl'ol~~y i n to Oll r
q!JC .... " kS.
o III boldl ) ;Ind ((,...(~ IIIItly c:'rryin;.:- ou t l il t, poli cy o r the
itc (ro nl , \\'" nll'l't II' o u r .UWI1 m illIS w ith nh ... w cll's whi ch
d
,,0
"us
:I t 11 11 rt)sts III Ih" ,> h o rt e" IX.-S'
, ,
'
t rc ll IO\'C
.,..(. 1
...
, 1 ) ( : lIm (: ,
!"Ilxth Con$!'rcss
,, (ter I he ~,
. . ' o r th". Comin,",n
.: ,a j U CC~SS I U I
,III Communl'>t P aTti""
si r.gg lc ",,' (I S .(ugetllil
"
....~ of
' c " 1>1',aI'1S t
ics n ~loall, s f Iall)'
" 0 I
oU o"
' " /ll/ticl/e"
'" ' o'w(I1ds a ll 0 ""
, Ufll' s t (If / ap~a/jOlI. IV tl, .' ClJ ~H.' / /u II .~ of ' l! P,/a l,s/ stab il ~S(I ' i(HI and tll: l. itls l
' flS , 0 lIr
lillY ", fectl oll I .ollh
I . 'l /n ' IIIlst alld
, legniisl , /U/SIO
pt" I:>
"''':< I lelrImnk..,
or ," "fili US. k ind,. of I'' Ig
- h l oppo rl'Jr ,,' ~
.
SiS Ihll '" :o,trengt lelling their I\ obhc\"ik un"" , a n d C , '
lun

f
'

I '~ ltlng
)"
n.1ci
I.e:'"
o:-> !'>lICCc~'"
III :md fn' q ue ntl )' c nt ir"... I)" a ck 'Ill!; ,\'as
(.1 ,.-" t
, ./
'"
the fight "J.;"llIll s t. St;.I; .tlrWII IS m , S t'c la ri nn b m mn nifcsted itself
,,0 longer III prl m ltl vc " ope n r~rm~. 35 in the fir s t yca rs of

con~

.,.,,, ...

"'e

... t I ntc: rn 3tion.:l1 b ut,

' und er
,he exislcn ce
f o f It hc (ommlll1l
' ,
.....\i:r of :l o nn a r(."Cog-nlllo n o( Ihe Bo lshc\'ik th e's I '

I I
'f
13 I 1 '
!)e. , 110dered th ~ ( c v !,; o pm e n 0 n 0 ~ 1C"lk mass po licy . I n o ur
" 0)' Ihi s 15 o (t /en no
~
/ lo n ge r/ a n. " I lI ftltllil c d i"o
. rd c' r , t . a" s I_en 'ln
,,'rotc, bu t. a I C: ('~ Y ron /t' t ..'ICc. " h ich m U!->1 be shnk 'n o ff o r
it will be IIll poSSlble to ~I~'c the p roble m o f cstabli :o.h ing- the
united ~r<:)I1t o f th e prol~ l a fl a t and o ( lea d in g Ih c ma ss "s from
:he poSitIo ns of rcfo rnl1 s m to the s ide o f thc rcvol ution ,
In the prcscnt s i~lwti on sec tari a n ism, self-satisfie d seclari~ nisnl, ~lS We ~e~l g- n~He it in the draft resolutio n, more
,ion all)'~ll1l1 g else In~l>cde~ 0t.,r Mru ggle (o r the ren\; sa ti o n
of Ihe unit ed fr o n~, S ~c t ana nl s m, sat isfied with it s tloctrin/lire flarr0 10!' CSS , II ~ (h.vorc~m e l~ l fro m the rc.al li fc of the
masses; s.,l1s,fied wllh ~Its s llnpl lJit,~ m ctll ot/s o f solving the
most complc~ pro bl e m:; of the working cl a!:tS moveme nt on the
baSis of sl creOlYpe(~. ~11C~llCS i sc tariani s ln whi ch pro fesses
10 know <1 11 and co n s u.l e rs It needless to l earn fr o m th e masses
from the lessons o f th e labour m o yement.
I n short
wi:lI1ism, to whi ch, as they say , m o untains arc me re 5t ,;ping_
t

sec:

stones.
Self-s:ltis fi cd ~ecwriani s m 'w i1/ not alld e/lliliol unde rs tand
lhal the leadership ? f th e wo rkin g class by th e Com munist
Piny cannot be attained by a process o f spontaneous develop..

,\ Q,\ I SS T
,.. 11 1\

7~

W 0

lIlt"nl . Thl' le.;"hn~ k~ol<~

Irug/.: 1rs of the w or 1111'"
.!!'.... "

I~

il

i~

11 l.,\i'5...;..-.rr

"~ O "lInU lll ~ I S,

b II
1

I!'I Cl
'

f II

~:t. .../

C'

C L\ SS

("0 11111111111 "

P any in

Illu'" bt' \\,m . F or 111Il<> ptl~lt

': 11 " hOIl I t ilt' It-.I dlllg: rule or tlr.

not HI ,r,lI 1'/ ,(.tll I I", /' /llI/i ll l1 l1l'c o{ I,l l:

hi

/II('tll 1/1 '

b ' ('\'l'r\' d ' IV

if

" ., ~ w or
I .

;lll(

co rreC t

1" 1','-)'
.".

_.
1H
(."O'llmU <.t .. III ou r politi

,,'o rki ,,}:

> 'I i
\\t'
.
T his will o oh be po ..... , ) C U fl I th e aCI\I;a! h've! of th e CI ~I
" 1I I IlI': y I,"~'
'o,k
seri.O ii" IY en k'
C 111 10 :l.cCO I (It,,rrcc 10 \\ II II
[ I . 1Il ' l !>scs I Ie
,..
.I\'t:
"
~
'l
~io
u
~
I1
"::.s
0
I
Ie
.
'
[
'
'
.
~'''hl'
rh'
appr.lI:>c
Ih
e
COil
e,
, ,. ~
. .d , we "YU'
.
CI(:
become r t: \' o l llllO Ill ~C .
.
f (JIlt wish es hilI o n th e bas"

0 1,,tiCIH I ,'. ~tl' p I)~ !'> Iep , w e rllu IS

.. itu:l.1I0n
, no t on t he ITb:lSIS
.
.. f the actunl stnle 0 f "'I :\lr5"
St
d'
,,~
...
''''
to
COlUl'
(\'Cr
10
the
""s'
O
. [
I c bro." 01 ..
[
I
, 'V , .
Illake it caslcr O~~ I
\\'c 0 11:.:111 ncvcr 10 o rg'e t t ICSt! w a rll.
lions of COI1lIllUnt~11l .. (orceful'" l'xprc$~l'd :
' " "" word!" (If I ,emu , !'o .
. tl lII .. t 11 0 1 .c).: tlrd Iha t whil.:h .
, " .. Thi .. i .. Ih(' \\" I10 IC 1)Ol l1t-I \\C{o r ,,,~, ellUS, " .. I)CI. ne obMll" '
rr obso elC
t
obsolele fo , .IS tiS be In,.

d 5 Ih a l t here :\fl' SII I I n OI :l fc....

{ or ,he . mos sl's ...['ct
conH:t e ,
I
I
II .
",n ss CS .

not :l '
. I fl in Ollr (;In '::-; \\' 10 :If a
1IIlICS
<: lIch dOC lrinnire el clIIC ~llS cbut d 'lIwcr in the po li cy o f th,
,
10 1111 11 "'"
~

nnd plnccS se nse I

1:radcs th e whole un ited fro nt is
Fo r SlIC I com ,
. , ' . kl '
?
unit ed [ ro ~I ,
'1 fiut thi ~ sCC l nfl ~l n
SlI C.' tng: fOr
one unreltc,(.-c! PC;" I
polit ic:tI helplessneSs I II rncc of
pri nciple" is n o!l~ln f!' I ~t:t din "" th e strtlg"~l c o r the I1l:l SScs
of direct ) e"ss' o,~' patficltillriv in o , erc.<:tirn"l
t he difficulties
. .
Ii. ds expre I
'
.
.
".
Sec tnrlnnl s ~t .n . ,~ of the m asses , in o vcrcs llmattng the
;ng the re \'olutIOnt S.,[JO I ndonin " lite po!'itio ns of rcform,
)ndiOicIIlt
, . . s in ges ;In (I ove r compli.
speed nt w III.CII the,
. 'arc :t. .c
r
ism. in nlternptS to Ic:t. p 0' t !\I clh od s o f leadi n g th e masses
I e movcmen. '
c:t ted t:t.s ks 0[ .' I
[ q enll y' re plnced by th e methods of
.
eliCC
been
rc gtI oup
.
ha\'e In pr:t.
The powcr 0 [ Irn(I'Ihonal

row p::trty r
'
. .
len d tn g :t. nar
I'
sses a nd th eir or!!.,n l5..'ltl o ns nnd

co nHlctS be t \\'ccn t Ie ma
s l'male<i
;l nd whe n t IIe ma sses did
lenders h.1S bcen under~;c~s 'i mn;cd iat e!\" . th e :1ltit udc taken
no t break off th ~ c~ n ~ harsh a'" Ih:t.1 adopt ed to ward s their
towards them wnS JUsT:t.
' d' sloaans h ave tended 10
,
. Icaders
actlCS an ' ::.'
.
rcacll o nar) ' . 'fo r all countries . and the s pec ifi c femmcs
become !'t~rfiCOI) pedd'I'lons in each individual cou ntry have been
o f Ih e Specl
'
.
it\' of stu bb o rn s tru gg Ie In
f IC con tI Th e necess
left ou r 0 ,adcco ufn I'he m'sses th enl5elves to win the ir conh.
the ,'e r)' ml st 0 "ig no red Ih e strugg-Ie f o r t h e parttal
.
be
d ence h as lend e d 10kers
"
f
. s I Ir.1' de
n
nd
work
10
the
rc
a
rmi
'1 D ' d
d c umn d SO f l h C wor
Lenin, " Le/t. Wing I I CommlHlism. an Itt/anti e ISO'
Is

II

t,.

p.

~~ .

",\S CI SN

ions a nd fll~ i s t s '~l a!>~ o rg.lnt ...rl1 ions has l~c n ncg lecu:d .
!,In poli cy o f the united fr a il! h a~ frequentl y been replaced
'rt1tll rc a ppeliis and n hM r:lct pr O I)a~ll nda.
bY )n n O less a decree have SCClllrinn views hindered the
eel selection of. people , the trai ning and developi n g of
COd~tS CO"'l u 1cd will. I/. c ma sses: enjoy ing /lIe confidence of
(tJ rn :'.se:,. c.Mlrcs whose , c~,Jol u"ona,y m cllie has bee n tr ied
3
1
d ttSl cd in c~n~s h<lll l ~s , cad reS that arc c:,pable of com.~ . g the prncllcal cxp rruHlCc of tlf ll SS wo rk with the s/(wncll-

bllll"of " ,illc i ple of (1 lI o lsll c'V ik.

~(SS
. nl
. s m I las .to a cO.ns 'ld crable extent reta rded
" husr :,cctnna
growth of the Ollllllunl St P a rtlcs , has impeded the proset
Itl jon or n re:l.1 ma.ss policy , preve nted o ur taki ng advan tage

'{'ch e diffic ult lcs

of. the clnss enem y to s treng then the p05i~ s of the revo ilitl o n3r y movcment, h indered the winning
(lOll, of the broad pro leta r ian mn sscs to the side o f th e Como"enist Pn rllcS.
.
g1u , Vhil t tlghti ng mOSt reSOlut ely to o,'c rcomc and extermite th e las t rem nant s o r self-sati s fi cd sCctari a nis m , wc mu st
~R e:t.se 10 tl maximullI ou r vigilan ce in reg:t. rd to and the
In,r
.
R ' )
.
struggle ngn lns l .[,g It ? pp o rbetullI ~ tIf ~nd against c\'e r )' o nc
of its concrete man~ es t :t.t~o n.s .
a nn ~ 10 mind that thc da nger
fRi ght oppo rtu01 Sm \\'1 11 tnc rctlSC In pro po rtio n as th e wide
oniled front develo ps mo re and mo rc. Already there are
u nde ncies to reduce the role o f the Communi st P art }' in the
It nks of the un ited fro nt and 10 eff ect a reco nciliati o n with
Social_Dem oc r~tiC ideo log):- N or must the fa ct be lost s ight
r Ihat th e taCltCS o f th e united frOllrnre---:" metho o f con vinef~be S ocial-Democratic .workc.rs by object le sso n of ~
CQ.1:rectn.es~ o f (h.e Co mmunIs t polt cy and the inco,r:ec~ness ,of
Iherefo rml s t poh~y. ? nd that tllC )' are ri ot? reco ncllIa h o n 'WIth
So&itJI-Detll oc ratI C ,d.eology a'lCl practice,
A successful
Struggle fo r Ih e establi shme nt o f th e unit ed front impe ratively
demands con s tant s tru gg-Ie in o ur ra nks agains t tenden cies t o
depreC4te the role of th e Party. a gain s t legalist iflusioM,
against reliance o n slJ01,taneity 0,,,1 aut omatism. b o th in the
liquidation o f. fasc is m a~d i!, co nducting the unit ed f~ont
agninst the slIghtest v acillatI on at til e -m oment of det e rmined

actiO'tl.

.. It is neccssary." Stalin teaches us, .. that the Party be able

to combine in its work the greatest adh esion t o principle (not to be
conrused wilh ~ectarianism !) with a maximum of contacts and con
M(tions with the masses (not to be confused with tailism I'),
without which it is not o nly impossible for the P a rty to teach the

'c

" G " I ~ S T

C l. "SS

wOIt " ' !'

T II II
0 1 0111) ' tu 10':11\ t h e lHa S '
f
.11,'111 . II
.
"h
\ '010 !t':t r ll rO Ill
I' I ' 1;11 1 to li s te n 10 I h e Vo j bU I 1\ ~ 10 I he 11-,-('\ n( the
;lr ' ; !leeth. "
(S I:l.1 i rl " ')'~

~..
I

Po/ili((l l V II ;ty 0/ til(' f th e tm iled fr o nt o f join t

..... the dcn'10pOlcnl ,Oc .... i ~ I_Dcllloc r:Hic \\or ke r,
COlll r,d
. ~q
l a ne ..>u '
" ,, '
I of the COlllIll UIlI!' ' .
of C:lpi t:,1 ' '' CWI SC bri ngs

offc~,~;;~, ,, " jl~\'.

of

1I

.~i llgli'

eo "

;>

\~ C

the bourg eOISIe Ilnd I I e COm,y '

" ,
, D
ith the bourgeoISIe,
Socwl- cmOCTIlCY d~ .
I t unity o f actio n be fir s t bro ught
Scco" d; o n con Ilio n t ,13
abo ut ;

HI/ss,' (111 JJ o l s ',e~ t lks. .

"

Political

forc the: CIIIC5110 n o f po " .~ Th e S OC ia l. De m oC ra tic

10 I Ie
kill" ( d S..
"
1
I)'
of
llee
~uor
l:P
.
d
lUore
co
nV
lllC
C(
)\" ex.
rtldSS po r
. " more :tn
I ,'
" cr" :u e bt.--comme' "I the cl 3~ cll ClIl ) (e lll:l llds

"",Ie :l .... ~\l n .

I 1'1)' i , I
worl\
~r i '/lce IImt Ih e st ru!:'!:' : t>, 1'\<;OlllCh :lS (1111 1
/I
CU l cr.
Il
IX! , ";, f pOli liC:l1 le:ldersI P, III . - lcnt :lncl rein fo rccme nt or
unit) 0
' f rth er c1evc opn
~/.i" impcdes t Ie \I
_
'orkin.... cl nsS .
,
"
'0' 0[ stru r.. r! c of th e \\
'"' lY le o f thc proletana t and
I le J I
eot"
f 1 cI:tS5 <;lrug D

.
Th e interc::.tS 0 t ie ' , -ll revolutio n n WIiC 11 ITllPC ta.
'CCC"" of th e prolCl ll rl n
o/ ilte pro/et(lr ia t ill cacl,
,
t lC ~ u
~
, / ' p (H 1Y
'"
'
li vc th nt there be a s./tI~ C not SO C:ls), o r Sl,mplc to acl~ll!\'e
cou ntry, Of cou rse, It IS rn work :lnd struggle, ~1~)(1 \\'1 1\ of
thi s. T his requ ires slu bbO. )rotracled proceSS . I .he Com.
neccssil)' be a Illorc or , less I" cc u pon the g ro wIng urge
.
' I III , re W. I1
S OC "I:l - 0 emocratlc
'
munist PMIICS
Ill U!; ,
of
Ihe
on
'\
unlh
ca
ll
" l Co mm un 'lst
f
o f the workers or. ,
o',<:::ltions Wil
. ..,
I
' d' du:t l oreTa ~
t>
,
take the in lll:l!l " C I n t lis
P:lrt ics o r 0 f In I""
"
I'
d confid
)' aOla tln
. g t h e f o r,ces 0 f Ihe
P an iCS, firrn ..~ an
of ent
anwlg
unilic.l t io n. I he
, C:lUsiSCnO'lc revO11," '0 0 '" )' p roletar ia n, pa rty I
wo rking cI:lss 111 a
a
.
I labour mo, 'emc n t I S enter_
,
I
he inlern:lll0 na
.
:H t he lim e \\' lcn t
I
rt in it s ra nks, IS Ollr eallSt,
,
I
'od f cl osin g t lC sp I

I
Ing 11 C pen
0
'st Internatlo na .
is the G.'1 use of t h~ Comm~ nI f
the establi s h m ent o f the
But wh ilc it IS sli ffiCle~t o~ Social_D emo cra ti c Partics
un ited fro nt of the Co mm unist a ~ a ai nst fa sc is m , th e offe n.
10 have a n agreeme nt to S~Ugg l~i ;:ement o f po lili ca l unity
sivc o f cap ita l :l nd W:l r, I ~ ae r
number of definite con.
is possibl e o nly o n . th ~ b:asls 0 a
,.
d itio ns invo lving p nnclpl es:
TI .
' fi t'
is pOSSible o nh .
li S unl ca 1 0 ~ .
f h'c ir co m,plele ifl dep cll dcnce, 0/
F irsJ, o n, ~ ndltJOnl 0 I .JJJcte "" plu1e of ti, e bloc oj
.I

75

lish , IS be recog nised ;

SO'llfI t:OIl r//1. o n ~o n( " il ,io n 1,1:\1 .suPPOrt o f o ne's ow n bou r, ' . til it/IP, ' TUlll s l ~UIIT be r )(;C1ed '
eO lSIC
g f i/ tli. on condili on that .the Part y be con structed o n the
is o( , /c:1Il 0C TlI IIC ce lltrala m, which c n ~ lJ rcs unit y of will
b;~:1 :1clion, :tIl d 1,Ias bc.,; n tCSted b ), t h e expe rien ce of /lI e

:l nd, th e

C I , ...

'I'/,;,d. 0 11 conditio n th nt Ihe necessit y of th e TC110 1u l jO ll .

o"il tOIT01U o/the fid e. o/ lIl c bo urgeoisie a nd the \:5tnb.
g.tY (1I CIII of th e tlleta/ o , s /Il p 0/ 1111' p To/ela Till l ill tl, c fo rm o f

In A"S<'~
and r"i~(' Ih('l11 "lid Ili\'iliC , lwir 50r~lIr (".' rlll:l l1 ), n lld Ho l-;11C \'i , It
:\~,('''..
. , " " "'
)' 09"!j I)
~ It.
o r I I Ie " . , ' ~
Ie (,.)111 111111111'
,
l'crspc..-c I \C 0 I,~ "7. FchrllMY .I , \ . ,.
'
.
.. p,w,tI"
CI (I .U .
lion .
. . o. lI' o rkill.t.'

~~~~'i~~tCf:lsciSm

"'"

muSt ,espl:-. lIl 10 the ~oc lal - D e m oc rati c worke rs,

'cnlh' and III co mradely b sill on . wll\' po litic;l\ un it y 01
rt:11I
~
,
"
' 11
"
I" ~ ~ workin g- c w..... II I Im pos!'> l ) C wit hout Ihesc condi tions.
tI~~. nlu st d i!-oc uss to!;eth er wjt h th em the se nse Otnd sig nif,\ nece o f these condi li o ns.
ell \VI1 )' is it n eccs~ary (or th e rea lisrHi on of t ht poli tical
" )' of the prolela
nm Ithat th ere be complete in dc .......
tlr'LL
. ,
,-- ndence
f the b O llr ~co l s l c :In ( a r~II~ Il ~ rc of the bloc of S ocia lDcmoctn,S WI th I h ~ bourg:c~ l sl e?
Bccause the c nll re expen ence of the l:lbour movement ,
:l rt icula rl y th e experience of th e fift een years of conli tio n
~Ii cy in G er m an ~' . has sh ow n th at th e policy of class colI bora lio n , th e po ll c)' of d ependence o n Ihe b Ollr j:! o isie, lead s
... the defeat o f the wo rki ng class n nd to the " ieto n ' of fasc ism .
t.~ nd o nl y the ro:ld of irreconcilable class stru ~gle against
;he bourg eo isie, the rO:l d o f th e Bol~he"iks, is the true road
10 " ictor)' ,
W'h y Ill US t un ity o f acti o n be fi rst establish ed as a prei' 01 ina rv cond itio n o f po lit ica l u nit y?
t Beca use u nity o f ac tion to re[X:l th e o ffe nsive o f capital
nd of f:lsc ism is possible and necess..'1 ry c,'en befo re the
~ajority of the wo rkers are u n it ed o n a com mo n polit ical
platfo rm fo r Ihe o ve rth row o f ca pitalism, whil e the wo rkin g
out of uni ty of "iews o n the m a in lines a nd aims o f th e
struggle of the pro leta ri :at . wit ho ut whi ch a u nifica ti o n o f
Ihe pa rties is imposs iblc, requi res a m o re o r less exte nded
period .o~ t im e , And lIn ~ t y o f v iews is worked o ut best o f
all in JOIn t st r ugg le a g a in St th e class ene m y even. to-day .
To propose to unit e at o nce ins te..1d o f for min g a united (ro nt
means to pla ce t he ca rt befo re the h o rse a nd to ima g in e that
the cart will th e n move ahead . ( Lau g hter. ) Precisel y fo r
the reaso n that fo r us the quest io n o f po litical unity is not
a manO!lIvre, a s it is (o r m a n y Soc inl~Democratic leaders,

76

TilE

WORKIN C

C I.ASS

WI! insist 0 11 th e rc~ lj S"'t lio n of un ifY of actio n .IS Oll e o f

A GA I NST

most impOrfRll1 stages in lhe Slru/fglc fo r poli l i~.'l l IInit y. tit!

\ VII .\' is it necesSIIrr to r ...-cog n lsc the ,revOluti o nary 0\, ',
throw of the bourgeo isie and the csw lJlIshmc fll o f the I~~'
III t l
' t POWer?
<Ie.
uHorship o f thc pro 1CI:lrllll
Iefo rlU 0 fS OV lc
Ut.'CllI ISC IIw experien ce of the yiclory o f the g reat Octo..
bet R evol utio n o n [he o ne h:wd. :l l1 d. o n Ihe o lh er, the bi"
. nll( I .S pa ll1 during the
"
lessons /cnfll cd in Germ a ny, AU ~lrJa
entire I>oS I-wnr period h:l\'C con l,lrlll ed o n ce m o rc that the

viclorr of the IHo/cl;1ri;:n is p OSS ible on 1,\' or lIlenns of II,

.
. lc.
. ancI thoU Ihe'
rC\'ohuionary
o\'erthrow of the bo urgcols
bour ....coisic wOli ld mIller drow n lhe I.:tbo ur mo vcmcnl in
sea of blood than allow th e pro~cl:trj:1I to est':lb/ish Soc iali sl:
by peaceful mellns, The experlcncc of the ~ctober Re\'o/u.
lion has demonstrated p..'ltCIl I/Y Ih:1[ the bOlSIC CO llt eOi of th
prolel,'l(inn revolution is Ihe qlles lion of I,h e pro/cIOl ri:ln dic~
I,:u orship, which is cal/c:.o<J 10 cr us h Ih,c reslst:IIlCC of the O\'er.
thrown exploilcrs , to :1TI11 the rcvolu,lIo n fo r s truggle again st
impe rialis m and to le:ld th e revolutio n to th e complete vic.
tory of Socialism . In order 10 a.chie\'c the dic ta tors hip of
the prolet.1Tiat as Ihe dictatorship of the ~'ast m:ljority OVer
an insignificant minority, o\"er the cxploJlers- :lnd only as
such ca n it be brought about- for thiS arc n eeded SO'Vietr
embracing all s trata of the working class, th e basic maSSes
of the peas..'lntry and the rcst of the toilers, without the
awakening of whom, without the inclusio~ of whom in the
fro O[ of the revolutionary s truggle, the "Iclory of the pr()..
lelaria t cannO[ be consolidated.
\Vhy is the refusal of support to the bourgeo isie in an
imperialist war a condition of political unity?
Because the bourgeoisie wages imperialist war for its pre.
datory purposes, against the interests of the vast majority
of tile peopl~s, un~er, whatever. guise ~his wa~ may be waged,
Because all ImpenaiJsts combme their feverish preparations
f~)( war with extremely intensified exploitation and oppres.sIOn of rhe toilers in their own country. Support of the bour.
~eoisie ~n such a war means treason to the country and the
international working class.
Why,. finaJJy, is the buiJding of the Party on the basis of
democratic centralism a condition of unity?
B~ause only a parry built on the basis of democratic
centrall~m can ensure unity of will and action, can lead the
proletariat to victory over the bourgeoisie, which has at its

d' pos:1I so powedu l a wcapo

ISralll~'

"' ..-'c IS ,l.1

'

77

Th e "PI,lical ion ot I ~~ Ih ~ C~ ~Ir:.lliscd Stale ap-.

P#nl(ltlI Srn Iws s tood l ite sple nd ' l tnnc! ple of d e m oc rut,ic
c~riellCe of tlte R u .!:>sia n liO l shcv/~ pli Sto n cal test of the (:x.
~d swlin.
;In )" Ihe Part y of Lenin
a yes . cOll1rades , We ~ rc (or ' ' .
.1 Single nr ss
he wa r k InS' c I;15S. li lH Ihi s pol
t
,I po rIII' Ca I party of
comr~I~le Swlin,
r y mus t be, in the words of

.. a milil an i p:t n y , a rC\'OIUlion:tr

rolcwri,lIl s to Ihe ~lrugRlc fo; (,oP:t rty , ~)old enough to lead the
Po be able to oricm 31c il ~clf in Ih
Wc r, .wllh sufficien l e xpcr i(:nc e
!, a revolutio
nary si tuat ion andc~coffim l,lhc.it(,'() problem~ that arise:
,
b
I
,
.. \I ICIe:ntly fl bl
.
of any s u mergel rocks 011 Ihc wa
'
e:XI e to ste:er clear
Th is cxp lain s wit). . ,
y to l i s goal."
,
II IS necessary I (
.
unity on the baSIS o f the conditio n . ). Strtvc for pol itical
\ ,VC MC for the political
. S Indlc.:ucd .

Therefore we are re~ldy to< co~~n;ty of th e working class I

Social.D emocra ts who arc for tf )orat.e mOSt closely with all
suppOrt unifica ti on o n the prin~~ ~~ It~d f,ron t and sin cerely
cisc1y because we Me for unit . p e~1 indicated.
BUI prc.
II "J
,.,.rrl. reso Iule Iy
ag.lInsl
<
t .ef t " d c maO"ogy, swe IS 10111 .s tru tot.
of the disillu sio nment of ~h e
,\\/~ Will Iry to mak e use
create new Socialist P a rties o r I OC13 emoc rat ic wo rkers to
the Communi s t moveme nt . . nd nltc rnaktlonals directed aga ins t
,
,"
1 lU S ecp d
.
in the workIn g class .
ecpcnlng the s plit
Vle welcome
the asp;ro,
,o n W Ill.Ch .I
.
0
..
'.
among S ocl al- e m oc rati c worke
f
5 g:alnlng g ro und
the Communists . In thi s fa c t .rs o r a united front with
\,olutiona r)' co nsc iou s ness and \\ C bsec, a .grow th of their re.
of the split in the wo rk ina classi'l ~g.' nnln g o f the healing
unity of ac tio n is a pres~in < .
~I ng o f the opinion that
10 the es tablish m e nt of the go~~~C~Slty . and the truest road
as well , we d ecla. re that th e
Ica un.lt)' o f the proletariat
its Sections are read \' to cn!e O?lmUnl s t In ternalional and
,
",
r tOto neg otiafo
. h t'h e
I ns wit
5eeon d rnt ernauo nal and its S '
of the. unity of the wo r ki ng c1a~ct/~ n f for the establi.shment
offenSive of capital, :lO"ai ns t f
. t 1e s trugg le agatOst the
perialist war.
to
aSC ls m and the threat of im-

Stalin , .. F oun datlons

'
of Leninism" L
,

..

Ctlltllfm,

Vol. I, p, 88.

"CA I NSTI' AS C IS ~I

CONC L US I ON.
d"
Ill\" report .
As you see, Wt
COlll r;Ides, I (l 1l\ cO~Ic1u .~:;gns '(0.(13), in 11 I.lew li g ht, tilk.
, . r~isin r" a num be r 0 1 qu I.:. ,I,c' Sll11:1lioll SI n c e th e Sixth
D
f I I Ie ('II"Il'

.n c 'ccoun!
0
.:co o.! IIIf
,slf llg,r I c, a n d rc I )' 'lIIg On
109 " " "l 'In d 0 ftie
l ' I c~ssons
0. Oll'" . nnks'" 1I I rc a l 1Y <Ie I UC
. \ ' C(J
.
C on g 'C"",,'
_ 1' Ch li O Ii III o
d fl
'
the deN'(cc of co n ~ I.
I u ni ted f ro nl :l 11 O. t Ie :I I)..
r' lIwril r the question of, t, Ie I c. rdo rm is! tr:ldc Unions a nd
P ' I . Sochl _Dc ll1 oc r;tt; ~. I I e

.
l>ro.'lC I 10
n s.
rl
ni
sa
tLo
o the r Ill a~ 0 ' g

. a II t I'
,' II s"nSC 1/1
li S a d 'Ig res.
.
C,"5
1 I"'I~ g hl
There a fC Wise:!
c ..wh o \\\0 11\ " Csa rI of tu r n to tIe
'c 1)05I(1 o n 5, s
C

I '
.
sia n from ~ ur ba~l
Bolshev ism . \ycl, I~' I~~). COUnt ry ,
of th e slr:lI g lH IlOe o f
I n 'rn ' c hI cke n .lh,.1)5 dream s
.
I
)' t hat :l lU :,:.
I' k 0
Bu lg~rI:l, t ley sa se >oli tiC;l1 chi cke ns 1 1,ln s,
of Illl lle!. L e t thO ',
For us it is ilnportan t th;:11 OUr

Th is interestS us liUIC ,
. . . "''''s o f th e whole wo rld should
d
"
f
.
d th c br03 11I3~
own P.1r11CS all
I '1:'11 we nrc strlv]ng or,
correctl y unders(;ln( " l .
1 , 'o n'" '' Marxists. Lenini sts
,
\\le would 00 t be rc"O
,_ 1Ic IIs " Lenlll
;lOci S 1.1. \'In. 'f
L
we
" :. ng
I " . s . ' nct l:'Iell"eS In aeco rd ;lnce
vo rt hv pUpl'1s a r i\1:'Irx
,
t our po ICIC'"
"
'
did
not reco nslrue ,
'
1(1 the chn ngcs occurrin g In
~. g s lllWllo n <lI
with the c hane- '"
the I:lbour movement. 1
I", ,' onnries if we did no t ,learn
' rience 0 f t 1l~ masses.
\\'e wou Id not be
. rca revo
d the eXI)e
. expe rience an
'
,
fr om our 0\\0 .
. ' I e c..1.pitalist cou ntries to come
\Ve want our Part/::t~ I~ ~:rties of Ow 'iUOTkillg class, to
o ut and act as Teal po f lea I't'ca l fac tor in the life o f their
become in actual fact a
tl' ~es an act i'Ve lJols ll c'Vik mass
co untries, to pursue at
Iel'Ves to propaga'lIda and crjti~

policy and
.

db

ft
f

1I 0 t

conli,"e t 'tcmSg,e /01 pToleta1ian dictatorship,

ppea s 10 s 'rug

cut..and-dried schemes . We want

IVe ,!re enemIes of all on~rete situation at each mo ment,
to lake Into account the c ccording to a fixed, ste reotyp ed
in each placet and not ra~~I~ere j not to forg et .that in varying
form anywhere and eve).
f the CommuOIsts cannot be
circumstances the poSitIon 0
Cfs m, ar!

are a ,

idetltical.
.
unt all sta es in the
\e want soberly to take In~o ac~o'n the gro~th of the
develo pment of the class strugg e an I

79

cO llsc io usness of Ihe ma SSes themselves. 10 be ahle to

cl:aSS
',nd so lve at I;:lc h sl<lge Ih e CO ll crc l c l>tohlems of Ih e
_... fllt!
I~I ,ioll ary Illo,'cment C(H1e S polltiitig 10 Ihi s stage .
, '0 II
,
(t \V t! wa nl 10 find U CO ni m O il /(lII gIHI Ke wil h Ihe b roadest
'5 for Ihe pu rpose of slrug,glin g agai nst the class enemy,
1fI(1~d ways of fin all y ovcrcollllng lI, e iso llJliO t~ of ':'"JTt:vo lu10 fi ,1'(lII glwni from th e masscs of Ihe proletariat nnd all
IjO,.ar'~ oilc rs , [IS well as of overcomin g the fatal iso lalion of
olhe~o rki "'C cla ss ilseij fro m it s n;:lIural tillies in Ihe slrugg le
lhe , 51 thc bou rgeoisie, agai nSt fascism,
,g:t ln
\ Vt! wal1l 10 draw in creas in g ly wide masses into thc reI liolla rY cltlSS struggle and lead Ihem to prolel mian revolu",0 tI proceed; "c fTo m tlieiT vital i,lt erests and llceds as th e
1I~~;;"g poilli. til/Ii tfl ci , OW l! cxpcrie tl ce as ,lie basis,
51 Following the example of Oll r gloriolls Ru ssian Bolsheviks, the exa mple of the ~ctldi n g Part )' of th e ~o mmu~i sl
lernati onal. the Com mun iSt Part )' of the Sov lel UOIon,
I~ wanl 10 combi nc the r cvol ldi01wry llc rois m of th e German ,
\,e Spa ni sh, the Austrian a nd other Com munists wit h
Itle uin e re~.; o ll/,jo'/ary realism, and put a n end to the last
gt~nants
of scholastic tin kerin g wi th scrious political
re,.. .
uestlon s.
q \Ve wanl to cCJ uip o ur P arties fro m eve ry a ngle for the
lUi ion of th e most complex po lit ical problcms confronting
:e01. Fo r t his purpo~e we W~nt to rai.~ ever. h igh er I,heir
theoretical ie'Vd, to traI n th e n~ I~ ~he Spirit o f live i\'l a rxlsmLeninism and no t d ead d oclrin a lrlsm,
Vie want 10 crad ic..'\ tc fro m o ur ranks all se i/-satisfied sectariallism, whi ch abo,'c a ll blocks our road to the masses and
'01pedes the ca rry in g out of a trul y B olshevik mass policy,
~ve want to inten s ify in every way the stru ggle agai nst a l1
concrete ma nifestations o f R ight oppo1tunism" reali si n g that
the dange r fr om this side '\vill increase precisely in the practice of carrying o ut o ur mass policy and struggle.
\Ve want the Communi sts of each co untry pro mptl y to
draw and apply all the lesso ns that ca n be drawn from their
own experience as the revolutio na ry va n guard of the proletariat. We want them as quickly as possi,ble t,o learn. how to
sail on tlte t,u,rb1llent, 'ioale'rs of the class struggle, and not to
remain o n the shore as observers and registrars of the surging
waves in the expectation of fine weather.
This is what we want!