RADWIN

System
Description

RADWIN Professional Services

December 2013

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Table of Contents
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 4
2 System Description .................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Supported frequency bands................................................................................................................ 4
2.2 RADWIN PtMP/PtP systems operating at 3.50GHz-ETSI .................................................................... 5
2.3 RADWIN PtMP/PtP systems operating at 5.x GHz -ETSI .................................................................... 5
2.4 RADWIN PtMP/PtP systems operating at 2.x GHz Bands .................................................................. 5
3 Solution Architecture ................................................................................................................................. 6
4 Solution Highlights ..................................................................................................................................... 7
4.1 Dual Carrier Products .......................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Advanced Antenna Steering mechanism .......................................................................................... 11
5 Part Numbers & Description (Current GA Products) ............................................................................... 12
5.1 PtMP Sector base radios: .................................................................................................................. 12
5.2 PtMP Sector external antennas: ....................................................................................................... 12
5.3 PtMP HSU remote radios: ................................................................................................................. 12
5.4 PtP radios: ......................................................................................................................................... 12
6 PtMP Operation ....................................................................................................................................... 13
7 PtP Operation........................................................................................................................................... 14
8 Chain connectivity option ........................................................................................................................ 14
9 NLOS operation ........................................................................................................................................ 16
10 Features set............................................................................................................................................ 16
10.1 OFDM MIMO/Diversity ................................................................................................................... 16
10.2 ARA .................................................................................................................................................. 16
10.3 QoS .................................................................................................................................................. 16
10.4 Interference mitigation ................................................................................................................... 17
10.4.1 Mechanism 1: Automatic Adaptive Rate ................................................................................. 17
10.4.2 Mechanism 2: Advanced Forward Error Correction (FEC) ....................................................... 17
10.4.3 Mechanism 3: Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) Mechanism ................................................ 17
10.4.4 Mechanism 4: Non-interrupted Transmission ......................................................................... 18
10.4.5 Mechanism 5: Configurable Channel Bandwidth .................................................................... 18
10.4.6 Mechanism 6: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) ..................................... 18
10.4.7 Mechanism 7: Automatic Channel Selection (ACS) ................................................................. 19
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10.4.8 Mechanism 8: Hub Site Synchronization ................................................................................. 19

10.4.9 Mechanism 9: Directional Antenna Design.............................................................................. 20
11 Roadmap - See attached document RADWIN Roadmap. ................................................................... 20
12 Planning Guidelines................................................................................................................................ 20
12.1 Typical Scenarios Classification Methodology ............................................................................. 20
12.2 Synchronization............................................................................................................................... 21
12.3 User configurable Channel Bandwidth ........................................................................................... 21
12.4 Frequency Step Resolution ............................................................................................................. 21
12.5 Using Adjacent Channels................................................................................................................. 21
Appendix A: Interfaces (GA products) ........................................................................................................ 23
Appendix B: Size & Weight (GA products) .................................................................................................. 24
Appendix C: Mounting Kit Assembly ........................................................................................................... 25
Appendix D: Installation and On-site configuration ................................................................................... 26
Appendix E: Voltage Options (GA products) ............................................................................................... 27
Appendix F: Grounding Points .................................................................................................................... 28

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1 Introduction
The purpose of this document is to describe in detail RADWIN PtP and PtMP proposed Small Cell
Backhaul systems.
The document includes a comprehensive description of the supported bands, system architecture,
features and concept.
The focus of this document would be the GA products available and deployed today. Evolution of
these products in the roadmap would be mentioned, however, see the road map doc for further
information. To clarify most system components described in this document remain unchanged in the
roadmap.

2 System Description
2.1 Supported frequency bands

RADWIN portfolio supports the listed frequencies shown in the table below.
RADWIN focuses in this response in the bolded frequencies and regulations.
RADWIN focuses in this response on 2.xGHz, 3.xGHz, 5.XGHz radio bands (ETSI)
Additional sub-6 GHz bands can be supported per request.
The term Universal represents bands available under various local regulations, non-FCC and nonETSI.

Band and Regulation

6.0 GHz Universal
5.9 GHz Universal
5.8 GHz FCC/IC
5.8 GHz MII China
5.8 GHz WPC India
5.4 GHz FCC
5.4 GHz IC
5.4 GHz Universal
5.3 GHz FCC/IC
5.3 GHz Universal
5.0 GHz Universal
4.9 GHz FCC
4.9 GHz Universal
4.8 GHz Universal
4.4 GHz Universal
5.8 GHz ETSI
5.4 GHz ETSI
5.3 GHz ETSI
3.6 GHz FCC/IC
3.5 GHz IC
3.5 GHz ETSI
3.5 GHz Universal
2.6 GHz ETSI
2.5 GHz FCC BRS
2.4 GHz FCC/IC
2.4 GHz ETSI
2.3 GHz Universal

Occupied Frequency Range

(GHz)
5.690 6.060
5.730 5.960
5.725 5.850
5.730 5.845
5.825 5.875
5.480 5.715
5.480 5.715
5.465 5.730
5.255 5.345
5.140 5.345
4.990 5.160
4.940 4.990
4.890 5.010
4.800 4.900
4.390 -5.010
5.725 5.875
5.475 5.720
5.150 5.350
3.650 3.700
3.475 3.650
3.4105 3.7025
3.300 3.800
2.496 - 2.700
2.496 - 2.700
2.402 2.472
2.402 2.482
2.287 - 2.492

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2.2 RADWIN PtMP/PtP systems operating at 3.50GHz-ETSI

RADWIN 3.5 GHz PtMP/PtP solutions comply with ETSI regulation as follows:
Band

Frequency range [MHz]

ETSI Regulation

3.5 GHz

3.4105 3.4825 GHz

ETSI EN 302 326-2 V1.2

3.4 GHz

3.4775- 3.6025 GHz

ETSI EN 302 326-2 V1.2.2

3.6 GHz

3.5975- 3.7025 GHz

ETSI EN 302 326-2 V1.2

These radios are multi-band radios supporting frequencies from 3.300GHz to 3.800GHz.
RADWIN 3.5 GHz PtP and PtMP solutions support 5MHz, 10MHz, 20MHz and 40MHz channel bandwidth.

2.3 RADWIN PtMP/PtP systems operating at 5.x GHz -ETSI

RADWIN 5.x GHz PtMP solutions comply with the following regulations:
Band

Frequency range [MHz]

ETSI Regulation

5.8 GHz

5725-5850

ETSI EN 302 502

5.4 GHz

5470-5725

ETSI EN 301 893

5.3 GHz

5250-5350

ETSI EN 301 893

RADWIN 5.x GHz PtP and PtMP radios are multi-band radios supporting frequencies listed in the table
above and with default band & frequency 5.725-5.850 GHz ETSI.
RADWIN 5.x GHz PtP and PtMP solutions support 5 MHz, 10MHz, 20MHz and 40MHz.

2.4 RADWIN PtMP/PtP systems operating at 2.x GHz Bands

PtP:

Standards:
o EN302-544 for ETSI ( Supported frequencies are: 2.500GHz up to 2.690GHz )
o 2008/477/EC (Supported frequencies are: 2.570GHz up to 2.620GHz)

Standards:
o HSU complies the following:
EN302-326 ETSI ( Supported frequencies are: 2.500GHz up to 2.690GHz )
2008/477/EC (Supported frequencies are: 2.570GHz up to 2.620GHz)

PtMP:

o
5

HBS complies the following:

EN302-326 for ETSI ( Supported frequencies are: 2.500GHz up to 2.690GHz )

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2008/477/EC , there is a dedicated cavity filter to cover 2.580GHz up to

2.605GHz (available)

3 Solution Architecture
RADWIN PtMP solution:
RADWIN PtMP solution comprises of a High Capacity Base Station (HBS) which is a sector radio with an
external sector antenna (60deg, 90deg, 120deg).
The HBS radio supports a sector capacity of up to 250Mbps net aggregate traffic dynamically allocated
to Subscriber/Remote Units (HSUs), each remote unit supports up to 250Mbps.
(Capacity enhancements will be introduced during 2014. See the RADWIN Roadmap document for
further information.)
The bandwidth allocation of sector capacity to the HSU radios employs dynamic TDMA technology (DBA)
otherwise referred to as Smart BW Management.
The TDMA time slot assignment is dynamic assuring services are not only achieved but also increased to
a peak level when other HSUs are inactive.
RADWINs Smart BW Management (DBA) maintains assured throughput and peak throughput according
to a user configurable setting. Moreover, to gain higher flexibility, users can set a specific transmission
ratio for the Uplink and Downlink directions, making the sector resources efficiently utilized and
distributed amongst the remote HSUs.
The sector radio and remote radios operate at a single channel and thus contribute to the overall
spectrum network utilization. Dual carrier systems will be introduced in 2014.

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RADWIN PtP solution:

The PtP solution supports a throughput of up to 250Mbps net aggregate traffic.
(Capacity enhancements will be introduced in 2014. See the RADWIN Roadmap document for further
information).
The hub and remote radios operate at a single channel and thus contribute to the overall spectrum
network utilization. Dual carrier systems will be introduced during 2014.
In General:
RADWINs proprietary air interface protocol with its unique interference mitigation mechanisms, ensure
high quality and reliable delivery of the required services in license-exempt bands in nLOS and NLOS
environments.
RADWIN PtMP/PtP radios can be managed locally and remotely via RADWIN EMS (Manager) and WebBased application. RADWIN also offers an NMS application (to enable management of a large number of
links through a single interface) and is integrated with large OSS/NMS systems using SNMP standard
MIBS.

4 Solution Highlights

Up to 250Mbps net throughput per Base Station and per HSU (remote) radio in current GA products
(H1/2014: 450Mbps for single carrier. H2/2014: 600Mbps single carrier) introducing market's
highest capacity sub 6 GHz solution.
Operation in NLOS Utilizing RADWINs proprietary Air interface design for sub 6 GHz carrier
networks (refer to Air Interface Document for more information).
Low Latency - <5 mSec, in LOS error free conditions, less than 3mSec
Low jitter less than 1 mSec
Secured Service Level Agreement (SLA) for Demanding Applications - RADWINs Smart Bandwidth
Management (SBM) maximizes throughput for active users; yet, when the base station is congested,
SBM assures user bandwidth to uniquely guarantee SLA.
Multi-Band Capabilities - Single unit supports an extensive range of frequency bands
Dynamic ARA - Automatic Adaptive Rate optimizes the data throughput according to interference
conditions, to optimize data throughput, maintain low latency and jitter providing high quality
service Secure Management - Management packets are secure over the air utilizing a dedicated
VLAN.
Full Span of Asymmetric Traffic Capable of delivering up to 90% of channel traffic in either an
uplink or downlink direction. This capability is ideal for full asymmetrical applications (e.g. video
surveillance, IPTV) as well as for symmetrical traffic.
TDD synchronization - enabling dense deployments with maximum performance - RADWIN 5000
Base station enables TDD synchronization of all collocated sectors within a site and between base
stations located in different sites. This Synchronization prevents mutual interference between
closely situated radio units and saves tower space and spectrum.
End-to-End QoS Supporting VLAN, 802.1p / 802.1q / QinQ / ToS / Differv to enable users to
prioritize services over the link.
Low Visual Impact Subscriber Units - RADWIN 5000 PtMP offers HSU radios with low visual impact
due to integrated MIMO antenna
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Maximum link distance - 40km / 25 miles (HBS to HSU)

MIR - Configurable Maximum Information Rate per HSU
Enhanced Spectrum Viewer (Sector / HSU level)
Antenna Mode: MIMO or Diversity
Web based Management
SNMPv3
Encryption AES 128 / 256
Simple to deploy - simplified and low cost operation
Telnet Interface support
Enhanced Performance Monitoring - supporting Active Alarms and Event Logs

Additional items to be introduced during 2014:

Dual Carrier radios both HBS and HSU would be supporting operation in two carriers (in same band
or different band). For some more information, please refer to paragraph Dual carrier section below.
Smart Antenna 3x3 MIMO Innovative antenna technology that enables efficient 3x3 MIMO.
Implementation, dual carriers, multipath aggregation and interference mitigation by antenna
nulling. For some more information, please refer to paragraph Advance Antenna Mechanism below
Enhanced modulation scheme (256QAM), supporting FEC of 3/4 and 5/6
Automatic Antenna Alignment by using Beam forming technology
IPV6 for Management and dual stuck IPV4/IPV6

1588v2-TC

For further information see the attached RADWIN documents.

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4.1 Dual Carrier Products

RADWIN current portfolio is widely deployed in over 150 countries (over 350,000 radios
deployed).These are single carrier radios used for variety of carrier and vertical market applications.
RADWIN is introducing dual carrier products supporting two carriers in the same radio platform enabling
dual channels in either the same band or in different bands.
While RADWIN introduces very high capacities in a single channel (up to 600Mbps @ 40MHz channels at
any band (2.xGHz, 3.xGHz and 5.xGHz) Dual-carrier or dual-band capability embedded in a Small Cell
Backhaul solution is a key solution differentiator. It addresses the foregoing requirements, by enabling
spectrum agility especially where the availability of certain bands is unreliable.
RADWIN Dual Band architecture uses a single radio platform using both licensed and unlicensed radio
bands in combination.
The RADWIN single radio platform meets the following specifications:

Attribute

Specification
Support PtP and PtMP configuration

Configuration
Bands

Regulations

1.

The platform includes two separate radio

transmitters/receivers

2.

The products can be supplied as:

1.

Antenna
Configuration

Benefit to the Operator

a.

1 of 3.300-3800 ETSI GHz and 1 of 5.X GHz ETSI

b.

1 of 2.500-2.690GHz and 1 of 5.X GHz ETSI

c.

2 X 5.XGHz ETSI radios

Single product for deployment at both architectures

1.

Supports a variety of operator spectrum use cases

2.

Enable operator deployment evolution The

Operator can start in one band and subsequently,
the same product may be used to operate in other
band

ETSI and other regulation if needed

1.

Supports a single integrated antenna that operates in dual

carriers for Pico sites

2.

Supports a single integrated or external antennas that

operates in dual carriers for Macro sites

3.

The integrated antenna may be either 1ft or 1.2ft size,

depends the required gain (see specific section).

The Operator can use a single product for different

regulatory areas saving multiple homologation
grants for each band.
1.

Single installation process

2.

Singe antenna alignment process

Tx Power

25dBm per radio

Due to power dissipation consideration it may be

less. In any event, no less than 20dBm per radio

Channel Bandwidth

5/10/20 and 40MHz channel BW for all bands

All channel bandwidth support

EIRP

The platform supports >40dBm EIRP per radio

Regulation dependent.
Under 3.650-3700 GHz FCC/IC the EIRP is up to
43dBm

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Attribute

Specification

Power Consumption

The power dissipation depends on the application

Total Capacity

QoS

Management

Application
Enhancements

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Benefit to the Operator

1.

Under redundancy mode ~25Watt

2.

Under capacity aggregation mode ~35Watt

Low power consumption for Pico sites is essential.

The architecture enables double the capacity of a single

channel radio ( up to 1000Mbps)

Highest aggregated capacity

1.

End to end QoS solution

1.

Prioritization of services

2.

8 QoS queues

2.

End to end solution

3.

Each QoS flow will have several attributes:

3.

Association of a service with a specific radio

transport (for example real time services can be
forwarded to the 3.650-3.700 GHz radio whereas
best effort services can be sent to the 5.X GHz
radio)

a.

Priority (ToS, or .1p)

b.

Strict policy or not

c.

Weight

d.

Radio transport type This attribute will

indicated the relevant radio to be used for the
transport of the flow

e.

TTL ( time to live)

f.

Buffer size

1.

Single IP ( either IPv4 or IPv6 )

2.

Single Management system

1.

Service Redundancy

2.

Throughput Aggregation (to achieve double capacity)

3.

Traffic load balancing

4.

QoS association with suitable radio

5.

Single Base station for mixed HSU bands (3.x GHz or 2.x GHZ
and 5.X GHz)

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4.2 Advanced Antenna Steering mechanism

This capability will enable the product to automatically steer the antenna in the best direction to
achieve best performance (such as throughput and latency) and in parallel, to null interference
coming from other directions
This mechanism has significant impact on the efficient use of the spectrum, the optimization of
service quality, higher capacity and improved robustness
A smart antenna system combines array of multiple antenna elements with a signal processing
capability to optimize its radiation and reception patterns according to the signal path and the noise
environment
The antenna array adjusts its pattern and direction in real time
The antenna provides gain while simultaneously identifying and eliminating the interfering signal
RADWIN smart antenna system consist of three chains, supporting MIMO 3x3, enabling higher
capacity and better system immunity under NLOS and interference environments

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5 Part Numbers & Description (Current GA Products)

5.1 PtMP Sector base radios:
PN

Description

Max Aggregate Data Rate

RW-5900-2230

HBS Sector radio, complies with ETSI, connectorized for ext.

antenna, supporting 3.300 3.800 GHz bands

250Mbps

RW-5900-2225

HBS Sector radio, complies with ETSI, connectorized for ext.

antenna, supporting 2.5 GHz bands

250Mbps

RW-5900-2250

HBS Sector radio, complies with ETSI, connectorized for ext.

antenna, supporting 5.x GHz bands

250MBps

See data sheets

5.2 PtMP Sector external antennas:

PN

Description

RW-9061-2001

Flat Panel, dual p., 60 degrees, 14dBi supporting 2.300 2.700 GHz bands

RW-9061-3003

Flat Panel, dual p., 120 degrees, 14.5dBi supporting 3.300 3.800 GHz bands

RW-9061-5002

Flat Panel, dual p., 60 degrees, 16.5dBi supporting 4.9 6.06 GHz bands

See data sheets

5.3 PtMP HSU remote radios:

PN

Description

Max Aggregate Data Rate

RW-5500-2125

HSU remote radio, complies with ETSI, with high gain

integrated antenna, supporting 2.5 GHz bands

250Mbps

RW-5500-2130

HSU remote radio, complies with ETSI, with high gain

integrated antenna, supporting 3.300 3.800 GHz bands

250Mbps

RW-5500-2150

HSU remote radio, complies with ETSI, with high gain

integrated antenna, supporting 5.x GHz bands

250Mbps

See data sheets

5.4 PtP radios:

PN

Description

Max Aggregate Data Rate

RW-2225-9100

PtP radio, complies with ETSI, with high gain integrated

antenna, supporting 2.5 GHz bands

250Mbps

RW-2230-9100

PtP radio, complies with ETSI, with high gain integrated

antenna, supporting 3.300 3.800 GHz bands

250Mbps

RW-2250-9100

PtP radio, complies with ETSI, with high gain integrated

antenna, supporting 5.x GHz bands

250Mbps

See data sheets

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6 PtMP Operation
The HBS supports a sector capacity of up to 250Mbps net aggregate traffic dynamically allocated to
Subscriber/Remote Units (HSUs), each remote unit supports up to 250Mbps.
(Capacity enhancements will be introduced in 2014. See RADWIN Roadmap document for more
information.)
The bandwidth allocation of sector capacity to the HSU radios employs dynamic TDMA technology (DBA)
refers to as Smart BW Management.
The TDMA time slot assignment is dynamic assuring services are not only achieved but also increased to
a peak level when other HSUs are inactive.
For each HSU radio, Assured Throughput is determined by the actual number of time slots allocated to
either direction, Uplink or Downlink.
Peak Throughput (higher than Assured Throughput) can be achieved by allocating unused downlink time
slots or unallocated uplink time slots to very busy HSUs.
With RADWINs Smart Bandwidth Management, the total sector resources are efficiently utilized and
distributed among the active users; yet, when the HBS sector radio is congested, SBM assures that user
bandwidth (HSU radio) is guaranteed.
RADWIN Manager provides facilities to configure separate uplink and downlink time slots. It further
monitors performance, providing tabular and graphic utilization statistics.
Numeric example:
Assume the following scenario:

sector net aggregate throughput - 250Mbps, 150Mbps assigned for DL, 100Mbps for UL
3 HSU radios in the sector
Committed DL bandwidth per HSU 40Mbps
Committed UL bandwidth per HSU 20Mbps

Results under Smart BW Management:

DL performance per HSU - Committed 40Mbps per HSU, Peak 150Mbps (all DL capacity can be allocated
to any HSU if not used by other HSUs per cycle)
UL performance per HSU - Committed 20Mbps per HSU, Peak 60Mbps (all uncommitted UL capacity,
40Mbps = 100Mbps-3x20Mbps, can be allocated to any HSU if not used by other HSUs per cycle)
SBM example:

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A detailed description of the Smart BW Management Scheduler is provided in the document RADWIN
Air Interface.

7 PtP Operation
RADWIN PtP proposed solution is based on current RW-2000 products line.
During 2014, RADWIN will be introducing in addition, a Smart Antenna (3x3 Dual Beam Forming) that
will enable to deploy PtP as part of the PtMP solution.

8 Chain connectivity option

Using the current GA products, a chained connection is simply achieved by connecting RADWIN radios in
a back-to-back constellation The first remote radio facing the HBS is considered as the Aggregator designed to support its own
bandwidth and the chained radios bandwidth subtending devices/remote radios.
The aggregator radio will operate at a similar or higher channel bandwidth than the subtending radios,
depending of course on number of hops and required service per hop.
This proposed configuration requires a small and standard L2 ETH switch per repeater site to handle the
traversing Ethernet traffic to and from the collocated back-to-back radios.

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HBS
HSU

HBS

HSU

HSU

Once Dual Carrier radios will be introduced into RADWIN portfolio, an implementation of chain
connectivity could be achieved utilizing a single radio instead of two back-to-back radios.

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9 NLOS operation
Since 2003 RADWIN radios have been designed to provide robust carrier class communication in NLOS
conditions.
Such high quality performance in NLOS conditions is achieved by two layers in the RADWIN radio:

MIMO / OFDM based PHY

Proprietary Advanced Air Interface designed to provide best performance in NLOS conditions

During 2014 RADWIN will be introducing in addition, a Smart Antenna (3x3 Dual Beam Forming) that will
further enhance performance and robustness in NLOS conditions.

10 Features set
10.1 OFDM MIMO/Diversity
RADWIN PtMP/PtP HBS and HSU radios incorporate the industrys leading Sub-6GHz radio technologies,
such as OFDM and MIMO, resulting in an exceptionally robust air interface, high frequency band
granularity and carrier class performance - all under LOS/nLOS/NLOS deployment scenarios, dynamic
multipath conditions and in the presence of most interfered Sub-6GHz radio environments.
When operating at MIMO, operators gain extended range, improved availability and increased
capacities (double).
Diversity Mode uses two antennas to improve the quality and reliability of the link.
MIMO mode or Diversity mode can be easily configured remotely or locally using one of RADWINs
management applications.
Configuring the antenna mode is typically carried out during installation on each end but can always be
re-configured dynamically when such need arises.

10.2 ARA
Automatic Adaptive Rate is a method of dynamically adapting the transmitted rate by changing both the
signal modulation and coding. Automatic Adaptive Rate optimizes the data throughput according to
interference conditions, to optimize data throughput while maintaining the service quality.
RADWIN Transmission Power Control sets the transmitted power level automatically according to
operational modulation to reduce interferences of collocated radios.

10.3 QoS
RADWIN PtMP/PtP radios support 802.1p, 802.1q, QinQ, classification is according to 802.1p and
DiffServ (user configurable).
Frames towards the air-interface are mapped into one of 4 Queues (real time, near real time, controlled
load, best effort) according to configurable classification criteria. Frames are pulled (scheduled) from the
queues toward the air interface according to priority.
The user can limit the MIR (Maximum Information Rate) of each priority queue. The queue MIR cannot
exceed the link MIR.
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With QoS feature disabled, all traffic is handled at the same priority.

10.4 Interference mitigation

At the core of the RADWIN PtMP/PtP radios there is a proprietary air interface protocol that enables
carrier-class wireless Ethernet services in license-exempt bands.
To ensure high quality and reliable delivery of these services, RADWIN radio systems employ several
mechanisms that work together to mitigate interference:

Automatic Adaptive Rate

Forward Error Correction (FEC)
Advanced Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) Mechanism
Non-interrupted transmission
Configurable Channel Bandwidth
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Automatic Channel Selection (ACS)
Hub Site Synchronization
Directional Antenna

10.4.1 Mechanism 1: Automatic Adaptive Rate

Automatic Adaptive Rate is a method of dynamically adapting the transmitted rate by changing both the
signal modulation and coding. Automatic Adaptive Rate optimizes the data throughput according to
interference conditions, to optimize data throughput while maintaining the service quality.
10.4.2 Mechanism 2: Advanced Forward Error Correction (FEC)

Forward Error Correction (FEC) is a mechanism of error control for data transmission, whereby the
sender adds redundant data to its messages which allows the receiver to detect and correct errors upon
reception of the transmitted data.
The advantage of forward error correction is that retransmission of data can often be avoided, at the
cost of higher bandwidth requirements on average, and is therefore applied in situations where
retransmissions are relatively costly or impossible.
RADWIN uses a Forward Error Correction technique that is optimized for the interference conditions
prevalent in license-exempt bands.
With very low overhead and algorithms specifically designed for the varying conditions of licenseexempt frequency bands, the FEC mechanism used by RADWIN's products helps to ensure fast, robust
and error-free communications
10.4.3 Mechanism 3: Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) Mechanism

RF interference can damage transmissions, resulting in corrupted data at the destination site. Without
an intelligent method for detecting and resending corrupted or missing data, service can be significantly
degraded, and, in some extreme cases, be halted entirely.
Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) is a common protocol for error control in data transmission. When the
receiver detects an error in a packet, it automatically requests the transmitter to resend the packet.
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This process is repeated until the transmission is error free or the error continues beyond a
predetermined number of transmissions.
There are several commonly used ARQ methods. However, for license-exempt wireless communications,
many ARQ implementations are too slow for time-critical traffic such as VOIP. Particularly, in
interference-laden environments, most ARQ methods are too inefficient to ensure transmission of all
data within acceptable latency levels.
RADWIN radio systems ensure error-free service by using a patented, incomparably quick ARQ
mechanism that ensures super-fast retransmission of errant data.
This ARQ mechanism performs advanced error handling at the physical layer instead of at higher levels
such as the TCP layer, resulting in much lower overhead than other ARQ methods.
In many cases, the repeat transmission is initiated without having to wait for a request from the remote
unit.
Furthermore, the system minimizes either the latency or the error rate to optimize performance for the
type of services being delivered.
10.4.4 Mechanism 4: Non-interrupted Transmission

A particularly important design element in RADWIN radio systems interference mitigation strategy is a
non-interrupted transmission service.
Even when encountering significant levels of interference, RADWIN radio systems maintain the
transmission and link stability.
In many wireless communication solutions, such as 802.11-based systems, interference in a channel
causes the radio to halt transmission until the channel qualifies for transmission again.
Obviously, this method of dealing with interference is not suitable for time-critical traffic such as VOIP
streams or carrier Ethernet.
The unique air interface protocol of RADWIN radio systems is designed to continue transmission, even
when encountering interference.
Combined with the other mechanisms used to mitigate interference, non-stop high quality
communication is delivered even in the harshest conditions.
10.4.5 Mechanism 5: Configurable Channel Bandwidth

RADWIN radio systems enable users to select their desired channel bandwidth of 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 20
MHz and 40MHz.
This flexibility enables the user to choose between higher channel bandwidth with relatively large
spectrum footprint and lower channel bandwidth with narrow spectrum usage.
In crowded environments, where interference-free spectrum is rare, the ability to configure the channel
bandwidth is important for enabling optimization of the license-exempt frequency band.
10.4.6 Mechanism 6: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a modulation technique for effective

transmission of large amounts of digital data over a radio link.
OFDM is widely considered to be the most suitable method for radio transmission, based on inherent
characteristics such as low overhead, low latency and high resiliency to interference.
Selected by standards organizations and leading telecommunications providers, OFDM is the technology
of choice for terrestrial radio communications that require high efficiency in difficult environments.
Based on the concept of redundant transmission, OFDM works by splitting the radio signal into multiple,
smaller sub-signals that are then transmitted simultaneously at different frequencies to the receiver.
By replicating the content signal using multiple narrowband sub-carriers to repeat transmissions over
time, OFDM works to ensure that complete content arrives at the transmission destination.
This technique is especially effective for protecting against the effects of multipath fading deriving from
the cancellation of carriers under heavy interference conditions.
When a system employing OFDM encounters RF interference, it recovers the affected signal from
duplicate carriers that were not affected by the interference.
Based on these considerations, RADWIN selected OFDM as the core modulation technique for all of its
radio products.
This robust, flexible technology provides an ideal platform for implementing the unique RADWIN
interference mitigation mechanisms mentioned above.
10.4.7 Mechanism 7: Automatic Channel Selection (ACS)

Automatic Channel Selection (ACS) is a mechanism by which the system ensures that transmission is
performed in the best channel.
ACS responds to interference by monitoring the available radio channels and then dynamically selecting
a channel which is suitable for transmission at that time. Once a channel is being used, RADWIN radio
systems monitor that the service is being provided at acceptable quality.
The threshold according to which a channel switch is performed is determined according to specific
criteria, including the provisioned services, their required bandwidth and the level of interference.
Automatic Channel Selection is a key element for providing robustness in license-exempts bands.
In particular, the "always on" nature of ACS is critical for mitigating the dynamic, non-deterministic
interference common to these bands.
10.4.8 Mechanism 8: Hub Site Synchronization

Radios using the Time Division Duplex method can experience interference from other radios located at
the same site if they are transmitting and receiving according to different time patterns.
To remedy mutual interference, RADWIN has developed a method to synchronize the transmission
pulses of all collocated radio systems:
Using an external cable connected to all collocated radios, a pulse is sent to each radio that synchronizes
its transmission with the others.
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This pulse synchronization ensures that the transmission of packets occurs at the same time for all
collocated units.
This synchronized transmission also results in all of the hub units receiving data at the same time,
eliminating the possibility of interference that could result if some units transmit while other units at the
same location receive.
This functionality allows for the installation of up to eight collocated units on the same mast.
10.4.9 Mechanism 9: Directional Antenna Design

The design of the antennas used at each end of a wireless link affects link budget and performance in
conditions of RF interference. Directional antennas focus signal transmission and reduce interference
effects.
Each RADWIN remote radio (HSU) uses highly directional antennas that suppress interfering signals
received from the side and back lobes. The result is an improved C/I ratio and suppression of
interference from nearby radios.
For detailed information on each one of the mechanisms see the RADWIN Air Interface document.

11 Roadmap - See attached document RADWIN Roadmap.

12 Planning Guidelines
Deploying networks in dense urban environments introduce a great challenge. Planning a deployment of
NLOS Small Cell backhaul requires considering new planning aspects:

NLOS scenarios with over 50% and up to 100% blocking of Fresnel zone, that requires planning a
path with reflections and diffractions
Addressing multipath conditions
Consider street level objects (buildings, trees, cars, people )
Consider potential radio interference

Integrating theoretical models and practical tests in NLOS urban conditions as well as leveraging on the
extensive experience of planning NLOS networks, RADWIN had enhanced its R-Planner planning tools to
support urban NLOS planning as well.
This tool is provided to RADWIN's carrier customers and selected partners and had proven to be very
accurate as well as extremely effective while addressing NLOS small cell backhaul projects.
RADWIN planning guidelines include the following:

12.1 Typical Scenarios Classification Methodology

Part of the NLOS planning process is to evaluate the links line of site and apply the appropriate model
for calculating, service performance, service availability and other attributes which define the overall
performance of the link.
RADWIN has developed a proprietary methodology which defines and classifies five different link
scenarios.

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The methodology is known as TSCM Typical Scenario Classification Methodology, its classification
criteria is explained below:

Type A LOS: Full Clearance of first Fresnel zone.

Type B Slight nLOS: Up to 40% blocking of first Fresnel zone.
Type C Severe nLOS: Above 80% blocking of first Fresnel zone.
Type D NLOS: with Prime reflective object Full blocking of first Fresnel zone.
Type E NLOS: with Multi-Path tunnel Full blocking of first Fresnel zone.

When a TSCM mode is applied, the R-Planner re-calculates the link performance accordingly and notifies
the user with relevant information:

Fade Margin and Minimum Fade Margin

Receive Signal Strength
Link Service
Link Status Indication
Co-Channel C/I

12.2 Synchronization
When several HBS sector radios are collocated at a common hub site, mutual interference may occur
from one unit to another.
RADWIN HBS sector radios support Hub Site Synchronization (HSS) method to synchronize the
transmission of each HBS radio. This also results in all of the hub site units transmitting and receiving
data at the same time, eliminating the possibility of mutual-interferences between them.

12.3 User configurable Channel Bandwidth

RADWIN R-Planner and Management applications allow setting the CBW in the following values: 5MHz,
10MHz, 20MHz and 40MHz. This applies further flexibility in the network design as well as the
configuration process, allowing the user exposing the radios to narrower possible interferences.

12.4 Frequency Step Resolution

Frequencies are assigned automatically or manually with a step resolution of 5MHz. This enables the
user a wider range of configuration for adjacent channels or alternate channels.

12.5 Using Adjacent Channels

When these techniques (mentioned above) are applied, collocated HBS sector radios can operate on
adjacent channels. This further improves the networks spectrum utilization and allows a better
frequency re-use for newly added collocated radios or sites. Note that in certain cases co-channels also
can be used if it is allowed by the Radio Planning C/I calculation

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Appendix A: Interfaces (GA products)

HBS Connectorized radio interfaces (as seen in image below):

Two N-Type connectors to connect to an external antenna

LAN port, standard copper RJ45 Ethernet interface, supporting 10/100/1000 BaseT Auto-Negotiation
(IEEE 802.3u); Framing/Coding IEEE 802.3, 802.3at

HSU radio with high gain integrated antenna (as seen in image below):

LAN port, standard copper RJ45 Ethernet interface, supporting 10/100/1000 BaseT Auto-Negotiation
(IEEE 802.3u); Framing/Coding IEEE 802.3, 802.3at

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Appendix B: Size & Weight (GA products)

Size (inch):

Connectorized (HBS): 7.7 (w) x 10.6(h) 3.1 (d)

High gain antenna (HSU): 14.6 (w) x 14.6 (h) x 4.3 (d)

Weight:

Connectorized (HBS): 3.6 lbs

HSU with High gain integrated antenna: 7 lbs

Connectorized HBS

Integrated HSU:

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Appendix C: Mounting Kit Assembly

RADWIN radios can be mounted horizontally or vertically as required by configuration. RADWIN
mounting assembly kits include a large clamp, a small clamp and an arm to connect the radio to its
mounting assembly.
ODU Mounting Kit Contents:
1 x Large Clamp
1 x Small Clamp
1 x Arm
4 x Screws, HEX head (M8x40)
2 x Screws, HEX head (M8x70)
4 x Flat washers (M8)
3 x Spring washers (M8)
2 x Nuts (M8)

RADWIN Mounting kit fits a mast diameter of 1.75 inch to 3 inch.

No special hardware is required when installing a RADWIN radio.
ODU Mounting Kit Weight: 1.7lbs

See "RADWIN PtMP/PtP User Manual.pdf" attachment.

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Appendix D: Installation and On-site configuration

RADWIN Radios are designed to support fast and easy installation, single-man handled.
RADWIN radios can be pre-configured to allow a faster link establishment and commissioning.
Antennas are aligned easily, fast and accurate by using an integrated built-in buzzer in radio. Buzzer
duty cycle informs the on-site technician of level and quality of received signal.
RADWIN radios are light and easy to carry.
All RADWIN radios are shipped with a quick installation guide with detailed information and
illustrations.
A comprehensive User Manual is provided with every radio (attached).

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Appendix E: Voltage Options (GA products)

Product complies 802.3at (as PD), standard socket IEC320 C14 type.
Attribute

802.3at (Type 2, class 4)

Input Voltage

37V to 57V

Power consumption

<25.5W

Max current

500mA

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Appendix F: Grounding Points

RADWIN recommends using a 10AWG grounding cable.
RADWIN recommends the following grounding points:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

ODU is grounded using a dedicated GND point on rear side of chassis

Coax cables are grounded to the mounting pole within 30 cm (11.8 in) of the antenna
Coax cables are grounded to the mounting pole within 30 cm (11.8 in) of the ODU
External Lightning Protector units are installed near the ODU and data device
The external Lightning Protector units are grounded as well
Internal ESD protection circuits over the Power/Telecom lines

RADWIN equipment is designed to meet the ETSI/FCC/Aus/NZ/CSA EMC and Safety requirements.
To fulfil these requirements, the system's Telecom lines at the ODU are Transformer-Isolated and
include internal ESD (Electro-Static-Discharge) Protection circuits.

See "RADWIN GND Guidelines" attachment.

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