Introduction to Electronics

Module 1: Overview and

Background

An introduction to electronic components and a study of circuits

containing such devices.

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Review of Circuit
Elements
Dr. Bonnie H. Ferri
Professor and Associate Chair
School of Electrical and
Computer Engineering

Review linear circuit components and properties

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Lesson Objectives

Review
Resistors, capacitors, inductors
i-v characteristics of these elements
Sources, nodes

Passive Elements
Resistor

V = iR

Capacitor

Inductor

C
-

+ V

dV
i=C
dt

di
V =L
dt
4

Series and Parallel Connections

Series

Resistors

R1

Parallel

R1 R2 R3

R2

R=

R = R1+R2
L1
L2
L3

Inductors
L1

Capacitors

C1 C2

L2

L = L1+L2
C3

C=

1
C1

1
R1

+ R1 + R1
2

1
C3

1
1
L1

+ L1 + L1
2

C1 C2 C3

1
1
C2

L=

C = C1+C2+C3

Connections and Sources

Ground

Reference
for 0 volts

Node

Voltage level the

same everywhere
on the node

Voltage Source

Independent

Dependent

Current Source

Independent

Dependent

+
-

Circuit Connections
R2

R3
R6

R1

R2

V0

IS

V0
-

R5

R5
R4

R6

R1

V1

R3

V1

R4

IS

Review of
Kirchoffs Laws
Dr. Bonnie H. Ferri
Professor and Associate Chair
School of Electrical and
Computer Engineering

Review of KVL and KCL

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Lesson Objectives

Review
Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL)
Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (KVL)

Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (KVL)

The sum of voltages
around any closed
loop is zero.

10

KVL Quiz
+ -1v -

+
2v
-

- VH +

- 5v +

+
4v
-

11

KVL and Parallel Circuits

12

KVL Example
i3
i1

5
+

20

2v
V0

i2 10

10V

13

Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL)

ientering = ileaving

14

KCL and Series Circuits

15

KCL Example
i3
i1

5
+

20

2v
V0

i2 10

10V

16

Summary
Introduced KVL and KCL
Applied KVL to parallel elements
Applied KCL to series elements
Solved a simple circuit using
Kirchhoffs Laws

17

Review of
Impedance
Dr. Bonnie H. Ferri
Professor and Associate Chair
School of Electrical and
Computer Engineering

Review of Impedance for Analyzing AC Circuits

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Lesson Objectives

Review
Impedances for steady-state sinusoidal inputs (AC)

19

Impedances

In-phase

Current leads voltage

Current lags voltage

Frequency invariant

20

Impedances in Series

21

Impedances in Parallel

22

Kirchhoffs Laws

23

Series RC
+
Vi

Vo
-

24

Series RLC
Vi

+
Vo
-

25

Summary
Introduced KVL and KCL
Applied KVL to parallel elements
Applied KCL to series elements
Solved a simple circuit using
Kirchhoffs Laws

26

Review of
Transfer Functions
Dr. Bonnie H. Ferri
Professor and Associate Chair
School of Electrical and
Computer Engineering

Review of transfer functions for characterizing circuits

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Lesson Objectives

Review transfer functions

To characterize a circuit
To find frequency response curves

28

Transfer Function Two-Port Networks

H()

Vi(t) = Ain(t + in)

Vo(t) = Aoutcos(t + out)

H()Vi = Vo

H()A inin = A out out

A out = H() Ain

out = H() + in
29

Summary of Simple Circuits

Vi

Vi

Vi

1
H() =
1 + RCj

+
Vo
-

RCj
H() =
1 + RCj

+
Vo
-

+
Vo
-

1
H() =
1 2LC + RCj

30

Summary

Defined transfer function for Two-Port

Networks
Showed transfer functions of simple circuits

31

Review of Frequency
Response Plots
(Bode)
Dr. Bonnie H. Ferri
Professor and Associate Chair
School of Electrical and
Computer Engineering

Review of linear plots and Bode plots to show the frequency

characteristics of signals and circuits

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Lesson Objectives

Define the frequency response for a transfer function

Magnitude Plot: |H()| vs

Angle Plot: H() vs

H()

Show linear plots and Bode plots

33

Frequency Response

Vi

+
Vo
-

Magnitude

0.8

H() = a tan(RC)

0.4
0.2
0
0

Transfer Function

200

400

200

400

600

800

1000

600

800

1000

0
-20
Angle (deg)

1
H() =
1 + RCj
1
H() =
1 + (RC)2

0.6

-40
-60
-80
-100
0

34

Circuit Response
1.5
2

1
0.5

Vo

Vi

-1

v(t)

v(t)

0
-0.5
-1

-2
0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

-1.5
0

Time (sec)

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Time (sec)

Vo = 0.95cos(50t-20o) + 0.13cos(800t-85o)

0.8

-20
Angle (deg)

Magnitude

Vi = cos(50t) + cos(800t)

0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0

-40
-60
-80

200

400

600

800

1000

-100
0

200

400

600

800

1000

35

Bode Plots

10

100 1000

Frequency (rad/sec) or f (Hz)

10

100 1000

Frequency (rad/sec) or f (Hz)

36

0.8

-5

Magnitude (dB)

Magnitude

Linear Plot and Bode Plot

0.6
0.4
0.2
200

400

600

800

-15
-20
-25 0
10

1000

-20

-20
Angle(deg)

Angle (deg)

0
0

-10

-40
-60

10

10

-40
-60
-80

-80
-100
0

10

200

400

600

800

1000

-100 0
10

10

10

10

37

Bode Plot First-Order Characteristics

Magnitude (dB)

1
1 + jRC
1
H() =
1 + (RC) 2

H() =

-5
-10
-15
-20
-25 0
10

10

10

10

H() = a tan(RC)

Angle(deg)

-20
-40
-60
-80
-100 0
10

10

10

10

38

Bode Plot of RLC Circuit, Overdamped

L

Magnitude (dB)

-20

-40

- v
s

vc
-

-60
-80 1
10

10

10

0
Angle(deg)

10

10

H () =

1
(1 LC2 ) + RCj

-50
-100
-150
-200 1
10

10

10

10

10

39

Bode Plot of RLC Circuit, Underdamped

Magnitude (dB)

20
0
-20
-40
-60 1
10

10

Angle(deg)

10

10

10

-50
-100
-150
-200 1
10

10

10

10

10

40

Summary
A
is a plot of the transfer function
versus frequency
The frequency response can be used to determine the
steady-state sinusoidal response of a circuit at different
frequencies

41