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DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATES

I, Ajitpal hereby declare that the project report entitled RESULT


COMPARISON STAD PRO AND ETABS G+5 MULTISTORY
BUILDING under the guidance of Dr. Harpal Singh is submitted in the
fulfilment of the requirements for the PROJECT. This is a bonafide work
carried out by me and the results calculated in this project report have not been
copied from any source. The results in this project report have not been
presented in any other degree or diploma.

INTRODUCTION
The use of structure is human need from the early past but in early days the
design of structures was a tedious job with lots of calculations. All the design
work, analysis and calculation were done manually by referring to the design
codes. With the passage of time the design of buildings evolved.
With the evolution the design of the buildings became more complicated and
difficult
The complexity of concrete structures and fast-track projects makes a simplified
structural model desirable during the preliminary design process. Likewise, in
the preliminary design phase, working with the structure in all its complexity
does not prove to be efficient. Instead, a highly simplified conceptual model of
the basic structural system is sufficient. To be useful, the model should capture
the essentials of the structural behavior and indicate the way the structure
channels the applied loads in to the foundations. Thus, models and numerical
results obtained from computerized preliminary design are most useful in
estimating the behavior of structures. And for avoiding enormous calculations
and errors and saving the time, we can rely on design software such as
STAAD-PRO and ETABS. The software can solve typical problem like Static
analysis, Seismic analysis and Natural frequency. This type of problem can be
solved by STAAD-PRO and ETABS along with IS-CODE. Moreover, the
greater advantage is, these software gives more accurate and precise result than
the manual technique.
I considered a 3D RCC frame of dimensions 30 m X 12 m. 30 m span is in X
direction and 12 m span is in Z direction. The height of the each floor is 3.7 m.
The Y axis consists of 6 floors. The structure is subjected to Self weight dead
load, live load and seismic load. Seismic load calculations are done following IS
1893-2000. The materials are specified and cross-sections of the beam and
column members were assigned. The supports at the base of the structure were
taken as fixed. The codes of practice to be followed were also specified for
design purpose with other important details. Then STAAD.Pro and ETABS
were used to analyse the structure .

.1 Purpose of study
The principle objective of this project is to analyse and compare the results of a
multi-storeyed building using STAAD Pro and ETABS. The said softwares are
among the leading design softwares and are used by many design firms for the
purpose of designing. The user i9nteraface of STAAD.Pro and ETABS are very
interactive which helps the user in easy drawing of frames and input the load
values and dimensions. Then according to the specified criteria assigned it
analyses the structure and designs the members with reinforcement details .

General
A structure can be defined as a body which can resist the applied loads
without appreciable deformations. Civil engineering structures are created to
serve some specific functions like human habitation, transportation, bridge,
storage etc. in a safe and economical way. A structure is an assemblage of
individual elements like pinned elements (truss elements), beam element,
column, shear wall slab cable or arch. Structural engineering is concerned with
the planning, designing and the construction of structures. Structure analysis
involves the determination of the forces and displacements of the structures or
components of a structure. Design process involves the selection and detailing
of the components that make up the structural system. The main object of
reinforced concrete design is to achieve a structure that will result in a safe
economical solution.

1.2 Introduction to softwares


1.2.1 STAAD Pro
STAAD/Pro is an integrated engineering software package capable of structural
analysis, design and drafting, all within the same program. It is the leading
Structural Analysis and Design software from Research Engineers. STAAD/Pro
addresses the entire process of structural engineering. From model
development, to analysis, to design, to drafting, to detailing and even
component design. STAAD/Pro is designed to work the way the Structural
Design Office works. STAAD/Pro is developed and maintained using an
extensive verification procedure. STAAD/Pro offers two analysis engines; the
STAAD Analysis / Design Engine and the STARDYNIZ Advanced Analysis

engine. The STAAD analysis engine is described in this section. The contents of
an input file are read processed and the results are written to an output file. In
addition, this also creates plot files for further processing by the graphic
modules in this section, only those portions of the software are covered which
were actually used in analysing and designing the project structure. The ultimate
for Computerized Structural Engineering, STAAD Pro is the next generation of
the STAAD product line, the most powerful structural engineering software in
the world. With over 150,000 installations, 15,000 clients, design codes for 30
countries and NRC/NUPIC certification, STAAD Pro is the choice of
professional engineers around the world. STAAD Pro includes several new
exciting features including integrated shear wall and two-way slab design, a full
backup manager, physical members and moment connections for steel design
and the ability to write macros inside of STAAD for further customization. Here
are some short descriptions on the new features in STAAD Pro.
Staad is powerful design software licensed by Bentley .Staad stands for
structural analysis and design. Any object which is stable under a given loading
can be considered as structure. So first find the outline of the structure, where as
analysis is the estimation of what are the type of loads that acts on the beam and
calculation of shear force and bending moment comes under analysis stage.
Design phase is designing the type of materials and its dimensions to resist the
load. This we do after the analysis. To calculate s.f.d and b.m.d of a complex
loading beam it takes about an hour. So when it comes into the building with
several members it will take a week. Staad pro is a very powerful tool which
does this job in just an hours. Staad is a best alternative for high rise buildings.
Now days most of the high rise buildings are designed by staad which makes a
compulsion for a civil engineer to know about this software. This software can
be used to carry rcc, steel, bridge, truss etc according to various country codes.

Limitations of Staad pro


1. Huge output data
2. Even analysis of a small beam creates large output.
3. Unable to show plinth beams.

1.2.2 Introduction to ETABS


ETABS is sophisticated software for analysis and design program developed
specifically for building systems. ETABS features an intuitive and powerful
graphical interface coupled with unmatched modeling, analytical, and design
procedures, all integrated using common database. Although quick and easy for
simple structures, ETABS can also handle the largest and most complex
building models, including a wide range of nonlinear behaviors, making it the
tool of choice for structural engineers in the building industry. The innovative
and revolutionary ETABS is the ultimate integrated software package for the
structural analysis and design of buildings. ETABS offers unmatched 3D object
based modelling and visualization tools, blazingly fast linear and nonlinear
analytical power, sophisticated and comprehensive design capabilities for a
wide-range of materials, and insightful graphic displays, reports, and schematic
drawings that allow users to quickly and easily decipher and understand
analysis and design results.
From the start of design conception through the production of schematic
drawings, ETABS integrates every aspect of the engineering design process.
Creation of models has never been easier - intuitive drawing commands allow
for the rapid generation of floor and elevation framing. CAD drawings can be
converted directly into ETABS models or used as templates onto which ETABS
objects may be overlaid. Design of steel and concrete frames (with automated
optimization), composite beams, composite columns, steel joists, and concrete
and masonry shear walls is included, as is the capacity check for steel
connections and base plates. Models may be realistically rendered, and all
results can be shown directly on the structure. Comprehensive and customizable
reports are available for all analysis and design output, and schematic
construction drawings of framing plans, schedules, details, and cross-sections
may be generated for concrete and steel structures. ETABS provides an unequal
suite of tools for structural engineers designing buildings, whether they are
working on one-story industrial structures or the tallest commercial high-rises.

1.4 Statement of project


Table 1:- Salient features of Buildings
Sr No.
1
2
3
4
5
6

Salient features
Utility of building
Office building
No of stories
5
Shape of the building
Rectangular
No. of rooms
5 halls
Type of construction R.C.C framed structure
Types of walls
brick wall

Table 2:- Geometric details


Sr No.

Geometric details

Floor to floor height

4.0m

Height of plinth

4.0 m

Size of column

0.5 m x 0.5 m

Size of beam B1

0.35m x 0.70 m

Size of beam B2

0.25m x 0.50m

Size of beam B3

0.30m x 0.50m

Table 3:- Material details


Sr No.
1
2

Material details
Concrete grade
Steel grade

M25
Fe415

1.5 Design of multi storied residential building


A structure can be defined as a body which can resist the applied loads without
appreciable deformations. Civil engineering structures are created to serve some
specific functions like human habitation, transportation, bridges, storage etc. in
a safe and economical way. A structure is an assemblage of individual elements
like pinned elements (truss elements), beam element, column, shear wall slab
cable or arch. Structural engineering is concerned with the planning, designing
and the construction of structures.
Structure analysis involves the determination of the forces and
displacements of the structures or components of a structure. Design process
involves the selection and detailing of the components that make up the
structural system. The main object of reinforced concrete design is to achieve a
structure that will result in a safe economical solution. The column and beam
design is done using limit state method.

CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW
SukumarBehera, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela (May 2012)
studied the behavior of multistory building with and without floating column is
studied under different earthquake excitation. The compatible time history and
Elcentro earthquake data been considered with PGA scaled to 0.2g and duration
of excitation kept same. A finite element model was developed to study the
dynamic behavior of multistory frame. The static and free vibration results and
the dynamic analysis of frame is studied by varying the column dimension and
concluded that with increase in ground floor column the maximum
displacement, inter storey drift values are reduced. The base shear and
overturning moment vary with the change in column dimension
Mr.S.Mahesh, Mr.Dr.B.Panduranga Rao (Department of Civil
Engineering/ V R Siddhartha Engineering College, India) performed
analysis and design of regular and irregular configuration of residential G+11
multistory building in various seismic zones and various types of soils using
ETABS and STAAD Pro V8i. The behavior of G+11 multistory building of
regular and irregular configuration under wind loads assumed to act
simultaneously with earth quake loads. The analysis carried out by considering
different seismic zones and for each zone the behavior is assessed by taking
three different types of soils namely Hard, Medium and Soft. When compared
the both the regular and irregular configuration, concluded that the base shear
value is more in the regular configuration as the structure have more
symmetrical dimensions and the story drift value is more in the regular
configuration as the structure has more dimensions. Finally when compared the
both softwares the STAAD PROV8i has more value. The area of the steel is 5
to 10%.
Prashanth.P, Anshuman.S, Pandey.R.K, Arpan Herbert(2012)Compared
design results of a Structure designed using STAAD and ETABS, regular and a
plan irregular (as per IS 1893) multi storey building structure designed using
STAAD Pro and ETABS softwares separately and concluded that ETABS gave
lesser area of required steel as compared to STAAD Pro. Form the design
results of column; since the required steel for the column forces in this
particular problem is less than the minimum steel limit of column (i.e., 0.8%),

the amount of steel calculated by both the softwares is equal. So comparison of


results for this case is not possible.
K.Aslam, Sri Venkateshwar college of engineering and technology,
Chennai (Apri, 2012) performed seismic analysis and design of multi storey
hospital building with the earthquake resistant design consideration. Seismic
analysis and design were done by using ETABS software and verified manually
as per IS 1893-2002 the provision of shear wall in the staircase and lift region
have the ultimate shear resistance, the total base shear produced by the earth
quake for that maximum percentage of the shear resistance produced by the
shear wall and the remaining shear resistance produced by the columns.
Ashis Debashish Behera, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela (May2012) performed 3-D analysis and design of building frame using STAAD Pro
and compared between two 30-storey building taking same beam and column
size using different load combination and concluded that the top beams of a
building in seismic load combination required more reinforcement than the
building under wind load combination but the deflection and shear bending is
more in wind load combination as compared to seismic. But in lower beams
more reinforcement is required for wind load combination. For column the area
of steel and percentage of steel always greater required for wind load
combination than the seismic load combination. The deflection value is more in
WL combination than the SL combination.
AbhayGuleria, Deptt. Of Civil Engineering, J.N.G.E.C., Sundernagar,
India studied structural analysis of a multi-storeyed building using ETABS for
different plan configurations, the analysis of the multi-storeyed building
reflected that the storey overturning moment varies inversely with storey height.
Moreover, L-shape, I-shape type buildings give almost similar response against
the overturning moment. Storey drift displacement increased with storey height
up to 6th storey reaching to maximum value and then started decreasing. From
dynamic analysis, mode shapes are generated and it can be concluded that
asymmetrical plans undergo more deformation than symmetrical plans.
Asymmetrical plans should be adopted considering into gaps and asymmetrical
plans undergo more deformation and hence symmetrical plans must be adhered
to.

CHAPTER-3

LOADINGS
3.1 Load Conditions and Structural System Response
The concepts presented in this section provide an overview of building loads
and their effect on the structural response of typical wood-framed homes.
Building loads can be divided into types based on the orientation of the
structural action or forces that they induce: vertical and horizontal (i.e., lateral)
loads. Classification of loads are described in the following sections

3.2 Building Loads Categorized by Orientation:

Types of loads
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Vertical Loads
Dead (gravity)
Live (gravity)
Snow(gravity)
Wind(uplift on roof)
Seismic and wind (overturning)
Seismic( vertical ground motion)

3.2.1 Horizontal (Lateral) Loads


Direction of loads is horizontal w.r.t to the building.
1. Wind
2. Seismic (horizontal ground motion)
3. Flood (static and dynamic hydraulic forces
4. Soil (active lateral pressure)

3.2.2 Vertical Loads


Gravity loads act in the same direction as gravity (i.e., downward or vertically)
and include dead, live, and snow loads. They are generally static in nature and
usually considered a uniformly distributed or concentrated load. Thus,
determining a gravity load on a beam or column is a relatively simple exercise
that uses the concept of tributary areas to assign loads to structural elements,
including the dead load (i.e., weight of the construction) and any applied
loads(i.e., live load).

3.2.3 Lateral Loads


The primary loads that produce lateral forces on buildings are attributable to
forces associated with wind, seismic ground motion, floods, and soil. Wind and
seismic lateral loads apply to the entire building. Lateral forces from wind are
generated by positive wind pressures on the windward face of the building and
by negative pressures on the leeward face of the building, creating a combined
push and-pull effect. Seismic lateral forces are generated by a structures
response to cyclic ground movement. The magnitude of the seismic shear (i.e.,
lateral) load depends on the magnitude of the ground motion, the buildings
mass, and the dynamic structural response characteristics (i.e., dampening,
ductility, natural period of vibration, etc).for houses and other similar low rise
structures, Lateral loads also produce an overturning moment that must be offset
by the dead load and connections of the building. Therefore, overturning forces
on connections designed to restrain components from rotating or the building
from overturning must be considered.

3.3 Design loads for residential buildings


Loads are a primary consideration in any building design because they define
the nature and magnitude of hazards are external forces that a building must
resist to provide a reasonable performance(i.e., safety and serviceability
)throughout the structures useful life. The anticipated loads are influenced by a
buildings intended use (occupancy and function), configuration (size and
shape) and location(climate and site conditions).Ultimately, the type and
magnitude of design loads affect critical decisions such as material collection,
construction details and architectural configuration.

Thus, to optimize the value (i.e., performance versus economy) of the


finished product, it is essential to apply design loads realistically. While the
buildings considered in this guide are primarily single-family detached and and
attached dwellings, the principles and concepts related to building loads also
apply to other similar types of construction, such as low-rise apartment
buildings.
Since building codes tend to vary in their treatment of design loads the designer
should, as a matter of due diligence, identify variances from both local accepted
practice and the applicable code relative to design loads as presented in this
guide, even though the variances may be considered technically sound.
Complete design of a home typically requires the evaluation of several different
types of materials.

3.3.1 Dead Loads


Dead loads consist of the permanent construction material loads compressing
the roof, floor, wall, and foundation systems, including claddings, finishes and
fixed equipment. Dead load is the total load of all of the components of the
components of the building that generally do not change over time, such as the
steel columns, concrete floors, bricks, roofing material etc.

3.3.2 Live Loads


Live loads are produced by the use and occupancy of a building. Loads include
those from human occupants, furnishings, no fixed equipment, storage, and
construction and maintenance activities.

3.3.3 Floor load


Floor load is calculated based on the load on the slabs. Assignment of floor load
is done by creating a load case for floor load.

3.3.4 Wind loads


In the list of loads we can see wind load is present both in vertical and
horizontal loads. This is because wind load causes uplift of the roof by creating
a negative (suction) pressure on the top of the roof. Wind produces non static
loads on a structure at highly variable magnitudes. The variation in pressures at
different locations on a building is complex to the point that pressures may
become too analytically intensive for precise consideration in design. Therefore,
wind load specifications attempt to amplify the design problem by considering
basic static pressure zones on a building representative of peak loads that are
likely to be experienced. The peak pressures in one zone for a given wind
direction may not, However, occur simultaneously in other zones. For some
pressure zones, the peak pressure depends on an arrow range of wind direction.
Therefore, the wind directionality effect must also be factored into determining
risk consistent wind loads on buildings.

3.3.5 Load combinations


All the load cases are tested by taking load factors and analysing the building in
different load combination as per IS 456 and analysed the building for all the
load combinations and results are taken and maximum load combination is
selected for the design Load factors as per IS456-2000
There are many structural design softwares available out in the market to
work with. All these structural design software have different functions and way
of doing work and performing analysis as well. This structural design software
are made to design and analysis of a building, bridges, culverts, etc. and these
structural design software are like Staad-Pro, Etabs, SAP 2000, etc.

The load Combinations are


LOAD 1 Seismic - EQX
LOAD 2 Seismic - EQZ
LOAD 3 Dead - DEAD LOAD
LOAD 4 Live - LIVE LOAD
LOAD COMB 5 1.5(DL+LL)
DL x 1.5 and LL x 1.5

LOAD COMB 6 1.2(DL +LL)


DL x 1.2, LL x 1.2
LOAD COMB 7 1.2(GL+EQX)
DL x 1.2, LL x 1.2, EQX x 1.2
LOAD COMB 8 1.2(GL+EQZ)
DL x 1.2, LL x 1.2, EQZ x 1.2
LOAD COMB 9 1.2(GL-EQX)
DL x 1.2, LL x 1.2, EQX x(-1.2)
LOAD COMB 10 1.2(GL-EQZ)
DL x 1.2 LL x 1.2 EQZ x (-1.2)

CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY

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