12 GENRE TEXT

ENGLISH

BY

Ahmad Fauzi
Dwi Ramdoni
Iwan Nugroho
Rahmat Wahyu S.
Yoga Ari K.

SMA NEGERI 6 DEPOK

2

XII IPA

PROCEDURE
Social Function Procedure :
To help us do a task or make something. They can be a set of instructions or directions.
Generic Structure :
1. Goals ( the final purpose of doing the instruction)
2. Materials ( ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instructions)
3. Steps ( a set of instruction to achieve the final purpose)
Language Features :

Use of imperative ( Cut.., Dont mix..)

Use of action verbs (turn, put)
Use of connectives(first, then, finally)

Example Of Procedure Text

How to Make Orange Tea

Ingredients:
1 orange, sweet tea, soda drink (use uncoloured soda), and ice.
Utensils:
Jug, knife, spoon, and drinking glass.
Method:
1. Cut the orange into circle shapes, try to cut it thinly.
2. Put the cut orange and ice into jug.
3. Pour the soda drink into the jug.
4. Add the already prepared sweet tea.
5. Stir the ingredients in the jug well.
6. After pouring the orange tea in a glass, you can decorate the brim of the glass with left
over orange pieces.

By : Rahmat Wahyu S.

RECOUNT
Social Function Recount :
To tell the readers what happened in the past through a sequence of events.
Generic Structure :
1. Orientation ( who were involved, when and where was it happened)
2. Events ( tell what happened in a chronological order)
3. Re-orientation ( optional closure of events)
Language Features :

Use of pronouns and nouns ( David, he, she)

Use of action verbs in past (went, studied)
Use of past tense ( We went for a trip to the zoo)
Use of adverbial phrases
Use of adjectives

Example Of Recount Text

My Adventure at Leang-Leang Cave

On Sunday, my parents, my best fruend Novi, and I visited a cave at Maros called Leangleang . It was my first time to visit the cave, better yet, my best friend came to visit it with me!
The cave was famous for its primitive cave wall paintings which were some hand prints and wild
boar paintings. The cave and its surroundings was turned into a nationalpark, so it was taken care
of.
My parents took a rest in a small hut for visitors of the park, while Novi and I adventured
around the cave with a guide. We had to climb some metal stairs to get to the cave, because the cave
was embedded into a small mountain. Next stop was a place where some seashells littered the
ground and some were actually piled into a big mound! The guide said that these piles of seashells
are called kjokkenmoddinger, or kitchen trash. The humans who lived here ate the shells and
dumped the left overs in their 'kitchen'. The last place was a small museum where they have
skeletons of the humans who lived in the caves. The skeletons along with some roughly made
jewelry and weapons were placed inside glass cases for display. The walls of the museum were
adorned with photographs taken when they did an excavation there.

After a quick lunch with Novi and my parents, we decided it was time to go back home. We
really had the time of our lives!

By : Rahmat Wahyu S.

NARRATIVE
Social Function Narrative :
To amuse or entertain the readers with actual or imaginary experience in different ways. Narrative
always deals with some problems which lead to the climax and then turn into a solution to the
problem.
Generic Structure :
1. Orientation ( who was involved, when and where was it happened)
2. Complication ( a problem arises and followed by other problems)
3. Resolution ( provide solution to the problem)
Language Features :

Use of noun phrases ( a beautiful princess, a huge temple)

Use of adverbial phrases of time and place ( in the garden, two days ago)
Use of simple past tense ( He walked away from the village)
Use of action verbs ( walked, slept)
Use of adjectives phrases ( long black hair)

Example Of Narrative Text

The Story of Lake Toba

Once upon a time, there was a man who was living in north Sumatra. He lived in a simple
hut in a farming field. The did some gardening and fishing for his daily life.
One day, while the man was do fishing, he caught a big golden fish in his trap. It was the biggest
catch which he ever had in his life. Surprisingly, this fish turned into a beautiful princess. He felt in
love with her and proposed her to be his wife. She said; "Yes, but you have to promise not to tell
anyone about the secret that I was once a fish, otherwise there will be a huge disaster". The man
made the deal and they got married, lived happily and had a daughter.

Few years later, this daughter would help bringing lunch to her father out in the fields. One
day, his daughter was so hungry and she ate his fathers lunch. Unfortunately, he found out and got
furious, and shouted; You damned daughter of a fish. The daughter ran home and asked her
mother. The mother started crying, felt sad that her husband had broke his promise.

Then she told her daughter to run up the hills because a huge disaster was about to come.
When her daughter left, she prayed. Soon there was a big earthquake followed by non-stop pouring
rain. The whole area got flooded and became Toba Lake. She turned into a fish again and the man
became the island of Samosir.
By : Ahmad Fauzi

DESCRIPTION
Social Function Descriptive :
To describe a particular person, place or thing.
Generic Structure :
1. Identification (identify phenomenon to be described)
2. Description (describe parts, qualities, characteristics)
Language Features :

Focus on specific participants

Use of attributive and identifying processes
Frequent use classifiers in nominal groups.
Use of the Simple Present Tense

Example Of Description Text

My Timmy
I have some pets. However, my favorite pet is Timmy. Timmy is a male cat. he is very
adorable with his soft stripes fur. He has innocent round eyes and a sweet voice. He
always meaows when he feels hungry. Actually, his voice is not suitable for his giant
body. When I come home, he usually gives me a kiss.
Timmy is a nice playmate. Im happy to spend my time with him. Most of the time, he is a
goodboy. It is almost impossible for me to be angry with him. In the morning, he always wakes up
early. When he wakes up earlier, he waits quietly by my bed until I wake up.

By : Yoga Ari Kumoro

NEWS ITEM
Social Function News Item :
To inform readers or listeners about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or
important.
Generic Structure :
1. News worthy event ( tells the event in a summary form)
2. Background events ( elaborate what happened, tell what caused the incident)
3. Sources ( comments by participants, witnesses, authorities and experts involved in the event)
Language Features :

Information on the use of head lines.

Use of action verbs( hit, attack)
Use of saying verbs( said, added, claimed)
Use of passive sentences ( Aceh was hit by Tsunami in 2004)
Use of adverbs in passive sentences (The victims were badly injured)

Example Of News Item Text

Growing Student Smoking

Growing Number of High School Student Smoking. A survey has found about 13 percent of
first-time smokers in the country are junior high school students. It also revealed 89 percent of
young female employees were smokers. The survey was conducted in five major cities across the
country, including Surakarta in Central Java.
Muhammad Syahril Mansyur, the Surakarta Health Agencys respiratory illness division,
said that the finding of the survey showed an alarming growth rate of Indonesian smokers. "This
situation is a cause for concern, he said. It appears the countrys younger generation is
uneducated about the health risks of smoking.
The Indonesian anti-tobacco campaign has reportedly been deemed as ineffective as the
government refuses to sign the international convention on tobacco control. It said that cigarette
producers contributed to a large amount to state revenue and gave jobs to thousands of workers.

By : Iwan Nugroho

REPORT
Social Function Report :
To describe the way things are (for example: a man -made thing, animals, plants). The things must
be a representative of their class.
Generic Structure :
1. General classification
(introduces the topic of the report/tells what phenomenon under discussion is.)
2. Description
(tell the details of topic such as physical appearance, parts, qualities, habits/behaviour).
Language Features :

Use of general nouns ( Whales, Kangaroo, Computer)

Use of present tense(Komodo dragons usually weigh more than 160 kg)
Use of behavioural verbs (Snakes often sunbathe in the sun)
Use of technical terms ( Water contains oxygen and hydrogen)
Use of relating verbs (is, are, has)

Example Of Report Text

Tyrannosaurus rex, sometimes just called T-rex, is believed to be the largest and most
fearsome predator on Earth's land ever to have existed. This dinosaur once roam the Earth in the
Creataceous period approximately 68 to 65 million years ago.
As a carnivorous dinosaur, this giant predator most likely ambushed their prey, and
devoured them with jaws full of white sharp teeth. With it's fast ability to run at an astonishing
speed of 32 mph (50 kmh), a perfect slim and stiff tail that gave it an excellent balance and allowed
it to make quick turns, equipped this gigantic predator and made it even more deadly, like a killing
machine.

By : Rahmat Wahyu S.

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
Social Function Analytical Exposition :
To persuade the readers or the listeners that something in the case, to analyze or to explain.
Generic Structure :
1. Thesis
(usually includes a preview argument. It introduces topics and indicates the writers position)
2. Arguments
(consists of a point and elaboration sequence. The number of points may vary,
but each must be supported by discussion and evidence)
3. Reiteration (restates the position more forcefully in the light of the arguments presented)
Language Features :

Emotive words such as : alarmed, worried.

Words that qualify statements such as: usual probably
Words that link arguments such as: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore.
Usually present tense
Compound and complex sentences

Example Of Analytical Exposition

The Dangerous of Using Drugs

Everybody must pay attention of drugs. Drugs are very dangerous for us. Why it is very
dangerous for us? Because its can caused harm to our body.
In terms of health, many organs in our body can be harm because using drug. In general, the
impact of using drug are can unconscious, make us hallucinate, can harm our nerve, and cause
addictive effect. Beside that, using drugs can make the users depressed, liver disease, schizophrenia,
blockage of blood vessels, dehydration, optic nerve damage, brain damage, and finally it can cause
DEATH!.
When viewed in terms of Islamic law, drugs are forbidden. Because it is cause badness, self
harm, debilitate. And Islam proscribes all that can cause badness, self harm because it is included
zhalim. Also if we using drugs, it means we already do the forbidden things in Islam, it means we
sin. So, in terms of Islamic law, using drugs also dangerous.
Furthermore, if the users of drugs are teenagers, it can endanger their future, and endanger
their homeland, their country. From the data, 32 percent of drugs users in Indonesia are teenagers,
so, if many teenagers in this case Indonesia- use drugs, it can be endanger this country, harm youth
generation, whereas youths are nation expectation. If the youth using drugs, our nation can be
destroy!
So, from now on we must pay attention of drugs, because its very dangerous, both in terms
of health, religion (Islam), nationality and state.
By : Dwi Ramadhoni

SPOOF
Social Function Spoof :
To tell an event with a humorous twist.
Generic Structure :
1. Orientation (who were involved, when and where was happened)
2. Events ( tell what happened in a chronological order)
3. Twist (provide the funniest part of the story)
Language Features :

Use of connectives (first, then, finally)

Use of adverbial phrases of time and place (in the garden, two days ago)
Use of simple past tense (he walked away from the village)

Example Of Spoof Text

Penguin in the Park

Once a day, a man was walking in a park when he across a penguin. He took it to a
policeman and said; "What should I do?" The policeman replied; "Take it to the zoo!".
The next day, the policeman saw the man in the same park. The man was still carrying the
penguin. The policeman was rather surprised and walked up to the man and asked; "Why are you
still carrying the penguin? Didn't you take it to the zoo?" The man replied; "I certainly did. And it
was a great idea because the penguin really enjoyed it. So, today I am taking it to the movie".

By : Ahmad Fauzi

HORTATORY EXPOSITION
Social Function Hortatory Exposition:
To persuade the readers or the listeners that something should or should not be the case.
Generic Structure :
1. Thesis ( stating an issue of concern)
2. Arguments ( giving reasons for concern, leading recommendation)
3. Recommendation (stating what ought or ought not to happen)
Language Features :

Emotive words: alarmed, worried

Words that qualify statements: usual probably
Words that link arguments: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore
Usually present tense
Compound and complex sentences
Modal auxiliary: can, may, should, must

Example Of Hortatory Exposition Text

The importance of Reading

I personally think that reading is a very important activty in our live. Why do I say do???
Firstly, By reading we can get a lot of knowledge about many things in the world such as
science, technology, sports, arts, culture, religius, etc. Written in either books, magazine,
newspaper, etc
Seccondaly by reading we can get a lot of news and information about something happening
in any part of the world which can see directly
Another reason, reading can give us pleasure too. When we are tired, we read
books,newspaper or magazine on the entertainment coloums such as comedy, short story, quiz,etc.
To make us relaxed
The last, reading can also take us to other parts of the world. By reading a book about Irian
Jaya we may feel were really sitting in the jungle not at home in our rooms
From the facts about, its abvious that everyone needs to read to get knowledge, information
and also entertainment. Or summary we can say reading is truly important in our life

By : Dwi Ramadhoni

EXPLANATION
Social Function Explanation:
To explain the process involved in the formation or working of natural or socio cultural phenomena
Generic Structure :
1. A general statement to position the reader
2. A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs
3. Closing
Language Features :

Focus on generic, non-human participants.

Use mainly of general and abstract nouns, action verbs, simple present tense, passive voice,
conjunction of time and cause, noun phrases, complex sentences, and technical language.

Example Of Explanation Text

How Chocolate is Made

Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter the amazing world of
chocolate so we can understand exactly we are eating.
Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in place
such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a
small pine apple. In side the fruits are the tree's seeds. They are also known as coco beans.
Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they are shipped to the
chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour.
Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavour. So they are often shorted
and blended to produce a distinctive mix.
The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat nib of the
cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a
liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter.
All seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are
half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. It is pure bitter chocolate

by : Dwi Ramadhoni

DISCUSSION
Social Function Discussion:
To present information and opinions about more than one side of an issue (for points against
points)
Generic Structure :
1. Opening statement presenting the issue
2. Arguments or evidence for different points of view ( pros and cons)
3. Concluding recommendation
Language Features :

Use of general nouns: alcohol, abortion, smoking, etc.

Use of relating verbs: is, are, etc.
Use of thinking verbs: think, feel, hope believe, etc.
Use of additive connectives: addition, furthermore, besides, etc.
Use of contrastive connectives: although, even, if, nevertheless, etc.
Use of causal connectives: because, because of, etc.
Use of modal auxiliary: must, should, etc.
Use of adverbial manner: hopefully.

Example Of Discussion text

Giving Children Homework; Pro and Con

There are a lot of discussion as to whether children should be given homework or not. Is it
enough for children having time to study at school or needing additional time in home for study
after school time?
Some people claim that children do enough work in school already. They also argue that
children have their hobbies which they want to do after school, such as sport or music. A further
point they make is that a lot of homeworks are pointless and does not help the children learn at all.
However, there are also strong arguments against this point of view. Parents and teachers
argue that it is important to find out whether children can work on their own without the support
from the teacher. They say that the evening is a good time for children to sit down and think about
what they have learned in school.
Furthermore they claim that the school day is too short to get anything done. It makes sense
to send home tasks like independent reading or further writing task which do not need the teacher
support.
I think, on balance, that some homework is good idea but that should only given at the
weekend when children have more time.
By : Yoga Ari K.

REVIEW
Social Function Review :
To critique an art work or event for a public audience
Generic Structure :
1. Orientation ( background information on the text)
2. Evaluation ( concluding statement : judgment, opinion, or recommendation.
It can consist of more than one.
3. Interpretative Recount ( summary of an art works including characters and plot).
4. Evaluative summation:
the last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line of the art works being criticized.
Language Features :

Focus on specific participants

Use of adjectives
Use of long and complex clauses
Use of metaphor
Reviews are used to summarize, analyze and respond to art works. They may include:
movie, TV shows, books, plays, concerts, etc.

Example Of Review Text

2012 Film Review

2012 is Roland Emmerich's film which uses the Mayan calendar and other end-of-days
prophecies for their doomsday scenario. It imagines the world coming to an end in 2012.
2012 film brings off a series of wonders. The movie hits its peak early on. It starts when
Cusack drives a limo through the streets of Los Angeles as freeways and skyscrapers crumble all
around him from the shock of a 10.5 earthquake. The preposterous flying sequence is equally
thrilling. The climax occurs aboard the giant ark, when an equipment malfunction almost threatens
the entire mission.
Unfortunately, the crucial sequence is not filmed or edited with the requisite clarity. In 2012
film, Emmerich leaves us befuddled as to exactly what is happening to whom. However, Emmerich'
2012 deserves credit for offbeat casting. Cusack supplies his trademark hangdog charm. McCarthy
has perhaps his best role ever as Peet's cocky. Danny Glover lends dignity to the role of the
tormented president. Chiwetel Ejiofor, as the chief scientist, brings a moving sense of anguish to a
stock role. Platt has fun playing the villain of the piece, and Woody Harrelson also chews the
scenery as a bug-eyed radio prophet trying to warn his listeners about Armageddon.
All in one, 2012's cinematography, production design and visual effects are awards-worthy.
Music also propels the movie. It presents American Idol runner-up, Adam Lambert, who provides a
rousing anthem over the end credits.

By : Iwan Nugroho