Determination of Crack width for 1300mm dia Pile subjected to Axial Load & Moment.

Material parameters
Grade of concrete
Characteristic strength of concrete

=
=

fck

Grade of steel

M 45
2
45 N/mm

Fe 415

Yield stress of steel

fy

415 N/mm

Max. Permissible stresses in concrete in compresssion (Bending)

cbc

14.5 N/mm

165 N/mm

6.44

1.5 x m

9.66
100200 kg

Max. Permissible stresses for steel in flexural tension

Modular ratio

cl no.8.3.4 of
IS: 4651-part 4

Member forces
Axial load on pile

Moment on the pile

100.2 T
1 T.m

My

100000 kg.cm

Moment on the pile

150.2 T.m

Mz

15020000 kg.cm

Resultant Moment on Pile

150.20 T.m

MRes

15020333 kg.cm

Check for eccentricity

Eccentricity

M/P

Limit of eccentricity for the entire cross section to be in compression

149.90 cm

>

16.3 cm

Geometrical parameters used in the evaluation of crack width of the pile

Diameter of Pile

130 cm

Distance between centre of the section to the outer most fibre

1300 mm

65 cm

No of longitudinal rebars

Nb

60 Nos

f rebar

Ast

25 mm
2
294.52 cm

Clear cover to reinforcement

7.5 cm

Effective cover = clear cover + cg of the rebar

dc

9.55 cm

Dshell

110.9 cm

ir

55.5 cm

deff

120.5 cm

Cos a

-0.259

Cos b

-0.303

Sin a
Sin b

0.966

Diameter of longitudinal rebars

Area of the longitudinal reinforcment

Assuming that the steel bars are equivalent to a thin shell of the same cross sectional area
Diameter of thin shell of reinforcement
Distance between centre of section to cg of main steel (inner radius)
Effective depth of pile cross section
Secondary parameters used in the evaluation of crack width of the pile

Nd 0.5 D
Cos a

0.5 D

Cos b

Nd 0.5 D
r

Nd R

R
N

a
b
A

Sin 4a
Sin 2a
Sin 2b

0.953

1.8325 radians

1.8790 radians

0.866

-0.500

-0.578

Determination of neutral axis

Thickness of thin shell of reinforcement

Ast / (2 p r)

tshell

Assuming Neutral axis depth Coefficient

0.845 cm

Depth of Neutral axis (N x deff)

dn

48.18 cm

Total compression in concrete above neutral axis, Cc

Cc

1862 fs1

Total compression in steel above neutral axis, Cs

Cs

532 fs1

Total tension in steel below neutral axis, Ts

Ts

1058 fs1

Moment of compression in concrete about the centre line of section

MCc

83703 fs2

Moment of compression in steel about the centre line of section

MCs

25207 fs2

0.4000

Expressions for evaluating fs1 from P

Expressions for evaluating fs2 from M

1 of 2

(0.125 x D)

Determination of Crack width for 1300mm dia Pile subjected to Axial Load & Moment.
Moment of tension in steel about the centre line of section

MTs

41746 fs2

Net axial stresses on the pile section

Caxial

1337 fs1

Net bending stresses on the pile section

Cben

150655 fs2

Evaluation of extreme fibre stress in concrete

Evaluation of extreme fibre stress in concrete by first condition of equilibrium, i.e, P = 0
Axial Load, P = (Cc + Cs - Ts) x fs1

fs1 = P/Caxial

75 kg/cm

100 kg/cm

Evaluation of extreme fibre stress in concrete by second condition of equilibrium, i.e, M = 0

Moment, M = (MCc + MCs + MTs) x fs2

fs2 = M/Cben

Total compression in concrete above neutral axis

Cc

139578 kg

Total compression in steel above neutral axis

Cs

39888 kg

Total tension in steel below neutral axis

Ts

79269 kg

Moment of compression in concrete about the centre line of section

MCc

8345164 kg.cm

Moment of compression in steel about the centre line of section

MCs

2513108 kg.cm

Moment of tension in steel about the centre line of section

MTs

4162050 kg.cm

Evaluation of internal forces & moments on cross section of pile

Evaluation of distance of centroid of tensile steel from centre of cross section of the pile
The distance of centroid of tensile steel, which is in the form of an arc of a circle, from the centre of the cross section of the pile has been
evaluated.

cg r

sin b
b (radians )

cg

28.12 cm

Evaluation of extreme fibre stress in concrete

The mean value of fs1 & fs2 has been adopted as the final extreme fibre stress in concrete

cbc

Maximum compressive stress,

fs1

fs2

2
75 kg/cm
2
100 kg/cm

2
87 kg/cm

0.5 x (74.95 + 99.7)

The distance of the centroid of tension steel from neutral axis has been evaluated as under

h1 R cg dn

(65 + 28.12 - 48.18)

44.94 cm

The tensile stress at the centroid of tensile steel is evaluated as under

st

m cbc h1
dn

2
524 kg/cm

<

3
1682 kg/cm

Safe

2
7 kips/inch

The distance from neutral axis to extreme fibre (h2), where crack width is calculated has been evaluated as under

h 2 2 R dn

81.82 cm

Determination of crack width of concrete on tensile face of pile

The crack width of the pile has been evaluated by the following Gerely - Lutz Equation, given in ACI 318R-95 Commentary of Building
code requirements for structural concrete published by the American Concrete Institute.

cw

0.076 st 3 dc A

1000
Dis tan ce of extreme tension fibre from Neutral Axis (h 2 )

Dis tan ce of centroid of tension steel from Neutral Axis (h1 )
A =

=
=

0.103 mm
1.82

Effective tension area of concrete surrounding the flexural tension reinforcement and having the same
centroid, as that reinforcement, divided by the total number of bars in the pile

p D 2 d f 2 d f
Nb

=
=

2
103.08 cm

15.98 sq.inches

Summary
Actual Crack width

=
=

Permissible Crack width

<

0.004041 inches
0.10 mm
0.30 mm (Refer Cl 8.3.4 of IS: 4651 (Part-4) - 1989)

Conclusion
As the actual crack width is less than the permitted crack width, the design is safe in Limit state of serviceability.

2 of 2

Hence safe