Bohr magneton

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In atomic physics, the Bohr

magneton (symbol B) is a physical
constant and the natural unit for expressing
an electron magnetic dipole moment. The

The value of Bohr magneton

system of units

value

unit

SI[1]

9.27400968(20)1024

JT1

CGS[2]

9.27400968(20)1021 ErgG1

eV[3]

5.7883818066(38)105 eVT1

Bohr magneton is defined in SI units by

atomic units

none

and in Gaussian CGS units by

where
e is the elementary charge,
is the reduced Planck constant,
me is the electron rest mass and
c is the speed of light.
The magnitude of an electron's spin magnetic moment is
approximately one Bohr magneton.[4]

History [edit]
The idea of elementary magnets is due to Walter Ritz (1907)
and Pierre Weiss. Already before the Rutherford model of atomic
structure, several theorists commented that the magneton should
involve Planck's constant h.[5] By postulating that the ratio of
electron kinetic energy to orbital frequency should be equal
to h, Richard Gans computed a value that was twice as large as the
Bohr magneton in September 1911.[6] At the First Solvay
Conference in November that year, Paul Langevin obtained a
submultiple.[7] The Romanian physicist tefan Procopiu obtained for
the first time its value in 1911;[8][9] the value is referred to as the
"BohrProcopiu magneton" in Romanian scientific literature.[10]
The Bohr magneton is the magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment
of an orbiting electron with an orbital angular momentum of one .
According to the Bohr model, this is the ground state, i.e. the state of
lowest possible energy.[11] In the summer of 1913, this value was

naturally obtained by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr as a

consequence of his atom model,[6][12] and also published
independently by Procopiu using directly Max Planck's quantum
theory.[9] In 1920, Wolfgang Pauli gave the Bohr magneton its name
in an article where he contrasted it with the magneton of the
experimentalists which he called the Weiss magneton.[5]

References [edit]
1. ^ "CODATA value: Bohr magneton". The NIST Reference on
Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
2. ^ Robert C. O'Handley (2000). Modern magnetic materials:
principles and applications. John Wiley & Sons. p. 83. ISBN 0-47115566-7. (value was slightly modified to reflect 2010 CODATA
change)
3. ^ "CODATA value: Bohr magneton in eV/T". The NIST Reference
on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
4. ^ Anant S. Mahajan, Abbas A. Rangwala (1989). Electricity and
Magnetism. McGraw-Hill. p. 419. ISBN 978-0-07-460225-6.
5. ^

a b

Stephen T. Keith and Pierre Qudec (1992). "Magnetism and

Magnetic Materials: The Magneton". Out of the Crystal Maze.

pp. 384394. ISBN 978-0-19-505329-6.
6. ^

a b

John Heilbron; Thomas Kuhn (1969). "The genesis of the Bohr

atom". Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 1: 232.

7. ^ Paul Langevin (1911). "La thorie cintique du magntisme et
les magntons". La thorie du rayonnement et les quanta:
Rapports et discussions de la runion tenue Bruxelles, du 30
octobre au 3 novembre 1911, sous les auspices de M. E. Solvay.
p. 403.
8. ^ tefan Procopiu (19111913). "Sur les lments
dnergie". Annales scientifiques de l'Universit de Jassy 7: 280.
9. ^

a b

tefan Procopiu (1913). "Determining the Molecular Magnetic

Moment by M. Planck's Quantum Theory". Bulletin scientifique de

lAcadmie roumaine de sciences 1: 151.
10. ^ "Stefan Procopiu (1890-1972)". Stefan Procopiu Science and
Technique Museum. Retrieved 2010-11-03.
11. ^ Marcelo Alonso, Edward Finn (1992). Physics. AddisonWesley. ISBN 978-0-201-56518-8.

12. ^ Abraham Pais (1991). Niels Bohr's Times, in physics, philosophy,

and politics. Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-852048-4.

See also [edit]

Nuclear magneton

tefan Procopiu

Physical constant

Anomalous magnetic moment

Zeeman effect

Parson magneton